This document provides guidance for facilitators on conducting a training on child rights programming. It outlines 17 sections covering topics on understanding child rights, planning and conducting a training, and evaluating the training. The document provides objectives for each section to guide facilitators. It also describes the training approach, timeline, required materials and steps to effectively facilitate each section of the training. The overarching goals are to build participants' knowledge on child rights-based approaches and equip them with skills to assess child rights situations, plan, implement, monitor and evaluate child rights programming. Facilitators are encouraged to carefully review the material and use the guidance provided to conduct a high-quality training.

1. 1
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©
cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv
†PŠayix †gvt ZvBqye ZvRv¤§yj
†cÖvMÖvg †KvAwW©‡bUi
‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb myB‡Wb-‡WbgvK©

2. 2
mywPcÎ
welq c„ôv
1. cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ 4
2. wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y m~wP 7
3. Awa‡ekb 1 : cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v 9
5. Awa‡ekb 2 : gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi 11
6. Awa‡ekb 3 : AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK 20
7. Awa‡ekb 4 : AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v 25
8. Awa‡ekb 5 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY 33
9. Awa‡ekb 6 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ 42
10.Awa‡ekb 7 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ 49
11. Awa‡ekb 8 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbwxZ 53
12. Awa‡ekb 9 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1 58
13. Awa‡ekb 10 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2 64
14. Awa‡ekb 11 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ 70
15. Awa‡ekb 12 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY 74
16. Awa‡ekb 13 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY 77
17. Awa‡ekb 14 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb 80
18. Awa‡ekb 15 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: : ev¯—evqb 83
19. Awa‡ekb 16 : wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb 87
20. Awa‡ekb 17 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi 93
21. Awa‡ekb 18: wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb 103
22. Awa‡ekb 19 : wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb 109
ms‡hvRbx 1 :¯−vBW 111
ms‡hvRbx 2 : n¨vÛAvDU 166

3. 3
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y
‡Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨
‡Kvm© mgvw߇Z AskMÖnYKvixiv
 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K Abycy•L e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ZË¡MZ I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb, `¶Zv I †KŠkj
we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY, Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kivi
†KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

4. 4
cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ
1. Awa‡ekb mg~n
Awa‡ekb Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg
Awa‡ekb-1 D‡Øvab, cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨
Awa‡ekb-2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi
Awa‡ekb-3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK
Awa‡ekb-4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v
Awa‡ekb-5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY
Awa‡ekb-6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
Awa‡ekb-7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ
Awa‡ekb-8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbwxZ
Awa‡ekb-9 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1
Awa‡ekb-10 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2
Awa‡ekb-11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
Awa‡ekb-12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
Awa‡ekb-13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY
Awa‡ekb-14 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb
Awa‡ekb-15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ev¯—evqb
Awa‡ekb-16 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
Awa‡ekb-17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi
Awa‡ekb-18 wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb
Awa‡ekb-19 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb

5. 5
2. †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨
cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mvwe©K I mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨mg~n mnvwqKvwU‡Z Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx/Dc¯’vcb Dc‡hvMx
¯−vBW AvKv‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi d‡UvKwc K‡i mnvqKiv Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx kxU ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb A_ev gvwëwgwWqv cÖ`k©bxi ¯−vBW wnmv‡e G¸‡jv e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †hLv‡b Ifvi‡nW/
gvwëwgwWqv e¨envi myweav †bB ev we`y¨r myweav †bB, †mLv‡b mnvqKiv †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨mg~n wd¬c Pv‡U© wj‡L
cÖwk¶Y Awa‡ek‡b cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
3. cÖwk¶Y mgqm~wP
mnvwqKvwU‡Z 5 w`‡bi GB cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mgqm~wP †`qv Av‡Q| GwU e¨envi Dc‡hvMx g‡b n‡j d‡UvKwc
K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv hv‡e| weKífv‡e, mnvqKiv mgqm~wP‡K cwieZ©b‡hvM¨/bgbxq
ivL‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡¶‡Î Zviv cÖ¯—vweZ mgqm~wP cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |
4. Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ekb GKwU wbR¯^ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ïi“ Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j mnvqKiv cÖ‡Z¨K mywbw`©ó Awa‡ekb
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
5. Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z mnvqKiv Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Awa‡ek‡bi
D‡Ïk¨mg~n AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| gZ wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖwk¶Y †k‡l Awa‡ek‡bi
D‡Ïk¨mg~n KZUzKz AR©b n‡jv Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
6. cÖwk¶Y c×wZmg~n
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡b Kx Kx c×wZ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ¯úófv‡e D‡j−L Kiv Av‡Q| G‡Z mnvqKiv Awa‡ekb
cwiKíbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z mnvqZv cv‡e|
7. mgq
cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †gvU mgq GLv‡b †`qv Av‡Q| GB mgqwU n‡”Q cÖ¯—vweZ Abykxjb¸‡jv
m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ AvbygvwbK mgq| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i msL¨v I Zv‡`i †hvM¨Zv Avi Av‡jvPbvi MfxiZvi
Ici wfwË K‡i mgq Kg-‡ewk n‡Z cv‡i|
8. DcKiY
Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv †`Iqv Av‡Q hv‡Z mnvqKiv h_v_©fv‡e Awa‡ek‡bi
DcKiY wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, ‡RvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib|

6. 6
9. mshy³ DcKiY mg~n
‡Kvb& Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb& Ifvi †nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx mxU, n¨vÛ AvDU, Abykxjb cÎ ev Ô‡KmÕ e¨envi Kiv n‡e Zv
_vK‡Q mnvwqKvi ¯−vBW I n¨vÛ AvDU As‡k| d‡UvKwc K‡i G¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv
hv‡e|
10. cÖwμqv
cÖwZwU av‡c e¨eüZ cÖwμqvmg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Awa‡ekb Kvh©vejxi we¯—vwiZ weeiY Awa‡ekb
cwiPvjbvq mnvqK‡K w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡e|
11. mnvwqKv e¨envi ‡KŠkj
cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mdj ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ GB mnvwqKv e¨enviKvix‡`i‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸wj we‡ePbv Kivi
Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv n‡jv-
 GKwU Awa‡ekb ïi“i Av‡M Awa‡ek‡bi KvVv‡gv Avi Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© hZ †ewk m¤¢e
‡R‡b ivLv mnvqK‡`i Rb¨ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| G‡Z Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi Dci
AskMÖnYKvixiv Av¯’v cv‡e|
 ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q †h, GKRb mnvqK‡K mgq e¨e¯’vcbvq `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e| †h mgq
D‡j−L ivLv n‡q‡Q Zv †KejB welq m~wPi we¯—vi Avi complexity- i Av‡jv‡K cÖ¯—vweZ|
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎv we‡ePbv K‡i mnvqK GKwU wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq
evov‡Z ev Kgv‡Z cv‡i|
 AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Ávb, `¶Zvi gvÎv (Level) we‡ePbv Ges Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv Abymv‡i cÖwk¶Y
c×wZ, Awa‡ek‡bi mgq mxgv Ges DcKiY cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb D‡Ïk¨I
hy³ Kiv hv‡e Avi G R‡b¨ bZzb DcKiY, c×wZi Ges AwZwi³ Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z
cv‡i|

7. 7
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Ym~wP
w`b I
mgq
Awa‡ekb b¤^i welq
cÖ_g w`b
09:00 1 cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨
09:30 Pv weiwZ
10:00 2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi
11:30 3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK
01:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
02:00 4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY
05:00 cÖ_g w`‡bi mgvwß
wØZxq w`b
09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
09:30 6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ
01:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
02:00 8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi
g~jbwxZ
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 9 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1
05:00 wØZxq w`‡bi mgvwß
Z„Zxq w`b
09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
09:30 10 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
01:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
02:00 12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY
05:00 Z…Zxq w`‡bi mgvwß

8. 8
w`b I
mgq
Awa‡ekb b¤^i welq
PZz_© w`b
09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
09:30 14 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: : ev¯—evqb
01:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
02:00 16 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb
03:30 Pv weiwZ
04:00 17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi
05:00 PZz_© w`‡bi mgvwß
cÂg w`b
09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv
09:30 18 wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb
11:00 Pv weiwZ
11:30 19 ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb
01:00 `ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ
02:00 A¨vKkb c−¨vb
03:30 Pv weiwZ Pv weiwZ
04:00 †Kvm© mgvwß Abyôvb

9. 9
Awa‡ekb 1
cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
- ci¯ú‡ii bvg cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb
- cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t AvZ¥cwiPq Rvbv‡bv, RoZv f½ ‡Ljv, cÖ`k©b
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb| Kykj wewbgq Ki“b|
2| ejyb †h, †Kv‡m©i ïi“‡Z Avgiv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡ev| Avgiv hvi hvi cwiPq †`‡ev
GKwU †Ljvi gva¨‡g|
3| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi GKwU bv‡gi AwaKvi Av‡Q| eo n‡q †mB ‡QvU‡ejvi bvg wb‡q Avgiv
wb‡R‡`i cwiPq enb Kwi|
4| mevB‡K G iKgwU fve‡Z ejyb †h, GLv‡b hviv Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb Zv‡`i KvD‡K Avcwb wP‡bb bv|
Avi GLb Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GK GKwU bvg w`‡eb| ‡h bvg Lykx w`‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e †g‡q‡`i bvg
†Q‡j‡`i bv‡gi †P‡q ‡h Avjv`v n‡q _v‡K Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Avi GK bvg GKvwaK KvD‡K w`‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| Av‡iKwU kZ© n‡”Q bvg †`Iqvi mgq ÒA¨uv, Du Ó RvZxq Abvek¨K kã D”PviY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| bv †_‡g bvg e‡j †h‡Z n‡e Avi Kv‡K bvg w`‡jb Zv‡K Avs¸j w`‡q †`Lv‡Z n‡e| G
m‡ei Avb¨_v n‡j AvDU n‡eb Ges Ab¨ GKRb bvg w`‡Z Avm‡eb|
5| bvg ‡`Iqvi wbqg Kvbyb Av‡iKevi fvj K‡i eywS‡q w`b|
6| ejyb †h, GKRb GKRb K‡i mvg‡b G‡m bvg †`Iqvi †LjvwU †Lj‡Z n‡e| mvg‡b G‡m cÖ_‡g
wb‡Rihvi bvg, †Kv_vq †Kvb Awd‡m ‡Kvb c‡` KvR K‡ib Zv ej‡eb| Zvici ïi“ Ki‡eb bvg
†`Iqvi †Ljv|

10. 10
7| Avcwb wb‡R †idvwi wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡eb Zv Rvwb‡q w`b|
8| cwiPq -ce© I †Ljv ïi“ Ki“b Ges h_v wbq‡g †kl Ki“b|
9| †Ljv †k‡l mevB‡K †Ljvq ‡hvM †`Iqvi Rb¨ ab¨ev` Rvbvb| †LjvwU †Kgb †j‡M‡Q mevi KvQ
†_‡K †R‡b wbb|
10| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv 5 w`‡bi GB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ ‡R‡b wb‡ev|
11| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨Ó kxl©K ¯−vBWwU
†`Lvb| GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avnevb Ki“b cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ c‡o †kvbv‡Z|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~n
‡Kvm© mgvw߇Z AskMÖnYKvixiv
 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ZË¡MZ I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb, `¶Zv I †KŠkj
we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY, Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kivi
†KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
12| cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡q›U e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
13| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

11. 11
Awa‡ekb 2
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
- ÒAwaKviÓ-Gi msÁv wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy) e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb:
- gvbevwaKvi - K_vwU e¨vL¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv-i Aš—©MZ welq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— Avš—R©vwZK cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ
wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkk‡`i Rb¨ c„_K AwaKvi mb` †NvlYvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i 5wU ¸”Q I 5wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t mn‡hvMx kã mÜvb, evR`j, aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, †evW©, gvK©vi ; AwaKvi msÁv, AwaKvi wcivwgW, wfc KvW©, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i,
gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cÎ, ¯−vBW: gvbevwaKvi, ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— Avš—
R©vwZK cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ, gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ, B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae ivBUm;
wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Kwc, ¯−vBW: 5¸”Q wkï AwaKvi, wkï AwaKv‡ii 5wU g~jbxwZ
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv AwaKvi I gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
2| AwaKvi ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K DËi †R‡b wbb| e‡j
w`b †h, DËi msw¶ß n‡e, GK`‡g GKev‡K¨ ej‡Z n‡e|
3| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ejv †kl n‡q †M‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b
K‡i ÔAwaKviÕ Gi msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

12. 12
AwaKvi
gvby‡li †Kv‡bv Pvwn`v hLb †Kv‡bv mgvR, ivóª, cÖwZôvb, AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK
msMVb ev †Kv‡bv ‡NvlYv, bxwZgvjv, AvBb, Pzw³, cÖwZkÖ“wZ Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z nq
A_©vr hLb ‰eaZv jvf K‡i ZLb Zv‡K AwaKvi e‡j|
GK K_vq ˆea,Aby‡gvw`Z,¯^xK…Z Pvwn`vB AwaKvi| AwaKv‡ii kZ© n‡”Q AwaKvi
hvi Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z, AwaKvi cyi‡Yi ØvwqZ¡I Zvi|
AwaKvi‡K †KD †KD cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib| †m †¶‡Î ejyb †h, †Kvb
cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`v evuPvi Rb¨ Ri“ix n‡Z cv‡i Avi ZLb Zv AvBb ev bxwZ aviv mg_©‡bi `vwe
cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgw_©Z bv nIqv ch©š— Zv ÔAwaKviÕ bq| cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v †_‡KB
ÔAwaKviÕ -Gi Rb¥ G welqwU ¯úó K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
4| Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi k‡ãi g‡a¨B Aby‡gv`b K_vwU hy³| Avi GB Aby‡gv`‡bi KvRwU K‡i
mgvR, msMVb, ivóª ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c¶| Aby‡gv`‡bi ¯—i web¨vm K‡i ÒAwaKvi wcivwgWÓ ˆZwi
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
5| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy): cÖ`k©b Ki“b| Ges
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mnvqZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy):
wbæwjwLZ Dcv‡q GKwU ÔAwaKviÕ wcivwgW ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i:
1. Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi
2. RvZxq AvBbx AwaKvi
2.1 msweavb
2.2 RvZxq AvBb †hgb, wmwfj †KvW,
†cbvj †KvW Ges †jevi †KvW
2.3 bxwZgvjv Ges weavbmg~n
3. mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK
wbqg I g~j¨‡evamg~n

13. 13
GB AwaKvi KvVv‡gv Avš—R©vwZK/BD‡ivcxq AvBb e¨e¯’v wfwËK hv AwaKvsk ‡`k (wKš‘ me †`k bq) Øviv
M„wnZ| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, †Kvb †Kvb gymjgvb Aay¨wlZ †`‡k ag©xq AvBb wcivwg‡Wi kxl©fv‡M
¯’vwcZ| Ab¨ †`k¸‡jv‡Z mbvZb cÖ_v wbf©i ÔmvaviY AvBb Kvh©KiÕ|
6| ejyb †h, ÒAwaKviÓ-Gi mv‡_ `yBwU c¶ RwoZ| GK c‡¶ Av‡Q AwaKvi †fvMx ev Rights
Holder Ab¨c¶ n‡”Q ØvwqZ¡ evnK ev Duty Bearer| ØvwqZ¡evnK c¶ AwaKvi †fvMx‡`i
AwaKvi c~i‡Yi ØvwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
7| ejyb †h, AwaKvi wel‡q Avgiv Rvbjvg| Gevi Avgiv gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv Rvb‡Z I
eyS‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev|
8| ejyb †h, Avgiv GLb †gwW‡Uk‡b hve | LvwbKUv mg‡qi Rb¨ a¨vb gMœ n‡ev Avgiv| †gwW‡Uk‡b
hvevi wb‡`©k AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ mevB‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb |
9| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †PvL eÜ Ki‡Z ejyb| kixi UvbUvb K‡i em‡Z ejyb |
10| KÚ IVvbvgv K‡i †gwW‡Uk‡b hvevi wb‡`©k w`b Gfv‡e:
g‡b Ki“b GKwU Rvnv‡R K‡i `~~i‡`‡k hv‡”Qb Avcbviv cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnYKvix GB 25
Rb| Avcbv‡`i g‡a¨ gwnjvi msL¨v A‡a©K| mvM‡ii bxj Rjivwk †K‡U `ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡”Q
RvnvR| †KD Mí Ki‡Qb, †KD ZvwK‡q Av‡Qb w`Mš— - we¯—…Z Rjivwki w`‡K|
ANUb NU‡jv nVvr-B| AvBm ev‡M©i mv‡_ AvNvZ †L‡q †f‡½ co‡jv RvnvR| Wy‡e †M‡jv
UvBUvwb‡Ki g‡Zv| UvBUvwbK Wywe †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQj †KD †KD| wKš‘ Avcbviv mevB gviv
†M‡jb |
g„Z¨y`~Z Avcbv‡`i AvZ¥v wb‡q †Mj Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q| Ck¦i ej‡jb: †Zvgv‡`i Avevi RxweZ
Kiv n‡e| RxweZ K‡i cvVv‡ev GK Rbgvbenxb MÖ‡n| my›`i †m MÖn| cÖPzi m¤ú` Av‡Q
†mLv‡b | Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡`i gw¯—®‹‡K Ki‡ev kZ¸Y DbœZ| bZzb mf¨Zv M‡o Zzj‡e
†Zvgiv|
bZzb MÖ‡n hvIqvi Av‡M †Zvgiv wVK K‡i e‡jv-bZzb c„w_exi gvbyl wnmv‡e †Zvgiv Kx
ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z PvI? †Zvgv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv gÄy&yi Kiv
n‡e| †Zvgiv †f‡e wP‡š— †Zvgv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv RvbvI| ïay g‡b ivL‡e- bZzb c„w_ex‡Z †K
bvix †K cyi“l n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv Avwg †Mvcb ivL‡ev| †K abx n‡q Avi †K Mixe n‡q Rb¥v‡e
Zv&I †Mvcb ivL‡ev Avwg| †Zvgv‡`i †KD Rb¥v‡e kv`v i‡Oi kixi wb‡q, †KD Rb¥v‡e
Kv‡jv,ev`vgx i‡Oi kixi wb‡q| ‡KD ev n‡e cÖwZeÜx| ‡K Kx n‡e Zv GLb †KD †Zvgiv
Rv‡bv bv|
‡Zvgiv Av‡Mi R‡b¥i AwfÁZv †_‡K †Zvgv‡`i cÖZ¨vkv wbY©q Ki|

14. 14
Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k gZ Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avcbv‡`i c~b: R‡b¥ Avcbv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK
gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi Kx n‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨‡K gvÎ wZbwU K‡i cÖZ¨vkv wPwnèZ
Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb †K Kx ai‡bi gvbyl n‡q Rb¥jvf Ki‡eb Zv wKš‘ Rv‡bb bv| Avevi
GB wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv hw` Ab¨‡`i cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ bv wg‡j Zv n‡j kvwš— wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i |
ZvB †f‡e wP‡š— cÖZ¨vkv wVK Ki“b|
Avcbvi wb‡Ri 3 wU cÖZ¨vkv|
3wU cÖZ¨vkv Avcbv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi‡K wPwnèZ Ki‡e|
GKwU kvwš—gq c„w_ex Movi †m me cÖZ¨vkv|
11| mevB‡K †PvL Lyj‡Z ejyb| LvwbKUv mgq w`b ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wd‡i Avm‡Z|
12| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Zv‡`i wPwnèZ wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv ‡bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|
13| KvW©¸wj msMÖn Ki“b I ‡ev‡W© ‡mu‡U w`b| Zvici `yRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb Kv‡W©
†jLv cÖZ¨vkv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡Z|
14| cÖZ¨vkv †jLv †kl n‡j ‡Rvov`j MVb Ki“b| †Rvov `‡j wb‡R‡`i wPwnèZ cÖZ¨vkv¸wj
Av‡jvPbv K‡i mg‡SvZvq †cuŠQ‡Z ejybGes †m¸wj †_‡K †Kej wZbwU †e‡Q wb‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b
2 wgwbU|
15| `yBwU †Rvov`j (†gvU 4 Rb) GKÎ K‡i Av‡Mi wbq‡g †Kej †Rvov`‡ji wZbwU wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv
†_‡K mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv evQvB Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 2 wgwbU| evQvB KvR †kl
n‡j 4 R‡bi ga¨ †_‡K 1 Rb cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|
16| `‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡`i gvSLv‡b em‡Z ejyb| Zv‡`i‡K mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv P~ovš—
Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 3 wgwbU|
17| P~ovš— cÖZ¨vkv wZbwU Kv‡W© eo eo A¶‡i wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
18| ejyb †h, GB wZbwU mve©Rbxb cÖZ¨vkv gvbevwaKvi‡K BswMZ K‡i|
19| gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z †K Kx ey‡Sb - GKwU Kv‡W© eo eo A¶‡i m‡e©v”P wZb jvB‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡`i
aviYv wjL‡Z ejyb|
20| KvW© †jLv †kl n‡q †M‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq Zv †ev‡W© AvU‡K wbb| GKRb Ask
MÖnYKvix‡K me¸wj Kv‡W©i †jLv c‡o ïbv‡Z ejyb|
21| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
gvbevwaKvi
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK„Z KZ¸‡jv AvBwb wbivcËvi wbðqZv hv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K
Zvi ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`v AUzU ivL‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q †gŠwjK Ges kZ©nxb cig AwaKvi hv GKRb gvbyl wnmv‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖvc¨|

15. 15
22| ejyb †h, RvwZmsN 1948 mv‡ji 10 wW‡m¤^i mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv K‡i| GB †NvlYvq
30wU Aby‡”Q` Av‡Q|
cÖvmw½K fv‡e e‡j w`b †h, ÔgvbevwaKviÕ Gi g~j welq n‡”Q Õme gvbyl Rb¥MZ fv‡e ¯^vaxb Ges
mevi gh©v`v, AwaKvi mgvb|Õ Av‡M me gvbyl bq cyi“‡li ¯^vaxbZv Avi mvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv
n‡Zv| Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv (RyjvB 4, 1776) Avi weªwUk-Av‡gwiKvb‡`i AvM÷ 26, 1749
†NvlYv I d«v‡Ýi RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi †NvlYvq ejv n‡qwQj `Men are born and remain free and equal in
rights’ A_©vr Zv‡Z †Kej cyi“‡li ¯^vaxbZv Ges mgvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡qwQj| bvixi
¯^vaxbZvi I mgvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv nqwb †mLv‡b|
Av‡iv ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq bvix, cyi“l, wkï mK‡ji mgvb gh©v`v I AwaKvi
ewY©Z Av‡Q|
23| ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq Kx †jLv Av‡Q Zv GLb Avgiv c‡o ‡`L‡ev|G ch©v‡q
mKj Ask MÖnYKvixi Kv‡Q mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Kwc (mnR fvlvš—i) mieivn Ki“b|
24| 5 R‡bi `‡j ev ÷vwW mv‡K©j c×wZ‡Z gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cv‡Vi e¨e¯’v Ki“b| GR‡b¨ 10
wgwbU mgq eivÏ Ki“b|
25| gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cvV †kl n‡j ejyb †h, gvbevwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ 4 wU bxwZgvjv wbw`©ó
Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mMywj n‡”Q :
mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ, Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ, `vwqZ¡ evnK‡`i eva¨evaKZv, Revew`wnZv-i g~jbxwZ
I AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ
26| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi-Gi g~jbxwZmg~n Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZmg~n
mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ
Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡ evnK‡`i eva¨evaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt
27| cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g bxwZgvjv¸wj e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZmg~nt
1. mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ
ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †h cv_©K¨ hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ, †kªYx, †ckv
BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l AwaKv‡ii `„wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| †mB gvbyl we‡k¦i †hLv‡bB evm Ki“K
ev †h Ae¯’v‡ZB _vKzK mevi Rb¨ AwaKvi mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYvi †¶‡Î KviI
cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi b~b¨Zg ˆel‡g¨i AeKvk †bB| mKj gvbyl‡KB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq Aš—f~©³

16. 16
Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY ev Inclusion e‡j| wkïivI GB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq c‡o|
wkï‡`i †¶‡Î GB mve©RbxbZvi A_© n‡jvt
 AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î ‡Q‡j ev †g‡q mgvb|
 mKj wkïi Kj¨vY mgvb g~Y¨evb, wKš‘ hviv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZKyj ev cÖvwš—K
Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zv‡`i Kj¨vY‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
 m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ mKj wkïi cÖwZ AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkïi GB AwaKvi msNl© A_ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©Mc~Y© ¯’v‡bI cÖ‡hvR¨| †h †Kvb
Ae¯’vq Ges †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwaKv‡ii welqwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
Kv‡iv gvbevwaKvi †hgb †K‡o †bqv hvq bv, †Zgwb †KD †¯^”Qvq Zvi gvbevwaKvi Z¨vMI Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv|
3. `vwqZ¡ evnK‡`i eva¨evaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
gvbevwaKv‡ii †K‡›`ª ev g~j we›`y‡Z Av‡Q AwaKvi‡fvMx (hv‡`i AwaKvi Av‡Q) Ges `vwqZ¡evnK‡`i
(AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi `vwqZ¡ hvi ev hv‡`i Dci Awc©Z) g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU|
4. AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt
gvbevwaKvi GKwU weivU welq, Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I
mvs¯‹…wZK bvbvwea AwaKvi - G me¸wjB ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© Ges GKwU AciwUi Dci wbf©ikxj|
mKj AwaKvi mgvb¸i“Z¡ m¤úbœ n‡jI m¤ú‡`i AcÖZzjZv _vK‡j †Kvb †Kvb welq‡K
AMÖwaKvi †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î GKwU AwaKvi c~i‡Y cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk
Ab¨mKj AwaKvi cÖwZôvi wel‡qI c`‡¶c I †KŠkj Kg©m~wP‡Z ZvK‡Z n‡e| Avi
Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡Ri Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡”Q- hviv me‡P‡q †ekx cÖwZK~j ev cÖvwš—K Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q
Zv‡`i AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|
28| bxwZgvjv e¨vL¨v †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi ‡NvlYv QvovI
e¨w³ I e¨w³e‡M©I ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`vi nvwb hv‡Z bv N‡U , †mR‡b¨ gvbevwaKvi I gvbweK
AvBb msμvš— wKQz Pzw³ I †NvlYv Av‡Q|
29| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I
†NvlYvÓ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

17. 17
gvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ ev †NvlYv
1948 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv (UDHR)
1949 ‡R‡bfv Kb‡fbkÝ|
1965 Kb‡fbkb Ab Gwjwg‡bkb Ae Aj dig& Ae †iwmqvj wWgwμ‡g‡bkÝ ev me ai‡bi
eY©‰elg¨ `~ixKiY welqK mb` (ICERD)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I
ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj ‡Kv‡fbv›U Ab BKbwgK G¨vÛ †mvk¨vj G¨vÛ KvjPvivj ivBUm ev
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U
(ICESCR)1
1979 Kb‡fbkb Ab w` Gwjwg‡bkb Ad Aj digm& Ae wWmwμwg‡bkb G‡MBb÷ DB‡gb ev
bvixi cÖwZ me ai‡bi ˆelg¨ `~ixKiY msμvš— mb` (CEDAW)
1984 Kb‡fbkb G‡MBb÷ UiPvi G¨vÛ Av`vi μz‡qj, Bb wnDg¨vb Ae wW‡MÖwWs wUªU‡g›U Ai
cvwbm‡g›U ev wbh©vZb Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbôzi, AgvbweK A_ev A‡kvfb e¨envi A_ev kvw¯—
`vb we‡ivax mb` (CAT)
1989 Kb‡fbkb Ab ivBUm Ae w` PvBì ev wkï AwaKvi mb` (UN CRC)
2000 wg‡jwbqvg wWK¬v‡ikb ev mnmªvã †NvlYv
2003 Kb‡fbkb Ab w` cÖ‡UKkb Ae w` ivBUm Ae Aj gvBMÖv›U IqvK©vm© G¨vÛ †g¤^vim& Ae
†`qvi d¨vwgwjR ev mKj cwihvqx kªwgK Ges Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wbivcËv`vb
msμvš— mb`
2005 cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡`i AwaKvi msμvš— mb`
30| ejyb †h Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU †NvlYv‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ejv
nq|
31| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
1 w` BDwWGBPAvi, AvBwmwmwcAvi (Ges Gi `ywU Ackbvj †cÖv‡UvKj) Ges w` AvBwmBGmwmAvi‡K GK‡Î B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb
ivBUm (Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi wej) e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq|

18. 18
B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm
1948 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev gvbevwaKv‡ii me©Rbxb †NvlYv
(UDHR)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK
AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)
1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj ‡Kv‡fbv›U Ab BKbwgK G¨vÛ †mvk¨vj G¨vÛ KvjPvivj ivBUm ev
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICESCR)
32| ejyb ‡h, gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi ci wkï‡`i AwaKvi wb‡q c„w_exi me ivóª‡K fve‡Z n‡q‡Q |
KviY:
o wkï‡`i Pvwn`v, eq¯‹‡`i Pvwn`v †_‡K c„_K,
o A‡bK mgv‡RB wkïiv bvbv ai‡bi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq
o A‡bK mgq wkï‡`i‡K m¤ú~Y©© gvbe wnmv‡e fvev nq bv,
o wkï‡`i cÖ‡qvRb we‡kl wbivcËv,
mKj gvbevwaKviB wkï‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ | wKš‘ wkïiv Zv‡`i Kg eq‡mi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK Ges
gvbwmKfv‡e GK‡bv Acwic° ZvB Zv‡`i we‡kl wbivcËv cÖ‡qvRb Avi cÖ‡qvRb wkï‡`i cÖwZ
eo‡`i AwZwi³ g‡bv‡hvM | Avi GRb¨B 1989 mv‡ji 20 b‡f¤^i RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`
†NvlYv K‡i|
33| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi msw¶ß fvl¨ weZiY Ki“b|
34| ejyb †h, GB mb‡` 54wU Aby‡”Q` Av‡Q| e¨vL¨vi myweavi Rb¨ 54wU Avby‡”Q`‡K 5 wU ¸‡”Q
fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
35| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 wU ¸‡”Qi bvg cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
cuvP ¸”Q wkï AwaKvi
 wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival)
 wkïi weKvk (Development)
 wkïi wbivcËv (Protection)
 wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation)
 ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and Awareness)

19. 19
36| ejyb, Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ Av‡Q| †miKg g~jbxwZ Av‡Q wkk~
AwaKv‡iiI| wkky AwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZ 5wU|
37| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 wU g~~jbxwZ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi-Gi 5wU g~jbxwZ
 ˆelg¨nxbZv (Non-discrimination)
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© (Best Interest of Child)
 wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk (Survival & Development)
 wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation)
 Revew`wnZv (Accountability)
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© AskMÖnY
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
38| ejyb †h, GB bxwZ¸wj n‡”Q wkï AwaKvi ev¯Zevq‡bi g~jbxwZ| Rvwb‡q w`b †h, 5wU g~jbxwZ
wb‡q GB †Kv‡m© Avjv`v Avjv`v Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
39| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|
†eu‡P _vKv
I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

20. 20
Awa‡ekb 3
AwaKvi‡fvMx wkky I `vwqZ¡evnK
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
- wkï AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ mKj eq¯‹ e¨w³ ØvwqZ¡evnKMÖ“‡ci Aš—f©y³ Ges ivóª n‡”Q gyL¨
ØvwqZ¡evnKÓ-K_vwUi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ I we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- ØvwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK© Pμ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,iƒcK f~wgKv,†QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMªx t wewfbœ †ckv I e¨w³i bvg †jLv 30wU KvW©, wd¬cmxU I gvK©vi, †evW©,
¯−vBW: ØvqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡, ØvwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 ØvwqZ¡, wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnK,
ØvqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©Pμ
cÖwμqv t
1| mevB‡K Awa‡ek‡b ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq Rvwb‡q w`b|
2| ejyb, Avgiv Rvwb †h, ÔAwaKviÕ K_vwUi mv‡_ 2wU c¶ RwoZ| GKwU n‡”Q AwaKvi‡fvMx Ab¨wU
n‡”Q `vwqZ¡evnK| `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki KvR n‡”Q AwaKvi‡fvMxi AwaKvi †fvM welqwU wb¼zzk Kiv|
3| ejyb †h, wkïiv n‡”Q AwaKvi †fvMx| Ab¨ w`‡K RvZxq wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ivóª‡K gyL¨
`vwqZ¡evnK Ges cwievi‡K gyL¨ cwiPh©vKvix ejv n‡q‡Q|
4| Òwkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ gyL¨ `vwqZ¡ evnK n‡”Q ivóª - K_vwUi A_© wK? cÖ‡Z¨K Ask MÖnYKvixi
KvQ †_‡K aviYv msMÖn Ki“b| Zvici ejyb †h, ivóª GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i gš¿Yvjq, Awa`ßi,
wewfbœ miKvix cÖwZôvb Gi gva¨‡g| Ab¨ w`‡K iv‡óªi m`m¨ wnmv‡e mKj eq¯‹ e¨w³ (18 eQ‡ii
†ewk) `vwqZ¡evnK MÖ“‡ci Aš—f©y³|
5| ejyb †h, GLb Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK GKwU iƒcK f~wgKvq Ask †b‡ev |
6| Av‡M †_‡K ˆZix Kiv wewfbœ †ckv/bvg †jLv KvW© Avcbvi mvg‡b ivLyb

21. 21
KvW© : wewfbœ †ckv/bvg †jLv
W±i BDb~m, evb wK gyb (RvwZmsN gnvmwPe), wWwR wcÖRb, BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb, ¯‹z‡jb
mvg‡b AvPvi we‡μZv, wfwWI wmwW we‡μZv, gv`K e¨emvqx, ivóªcwZ, ‡kL nvwmbv, ‡eMg Lv‡j`v
wRqv, †jLK n~gvq~b Avng`, †Rjv cÖkvmK, hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U, cywj‡ki AvBwR, wek¦e¨vs‡Ki
†cÖwm‡W›U, ‡P¤^vi Ae Kgv‡m©i †cÖwm‡W›U Avwbm~j nK, mvsevw`K, cy‡ivwnZ, cÖ_g Av‡jvi m¤úv`K,
‡eMgevRv‡ii †nv‡Uj gvwjK, ga¨weË M„nea~ mwLbv, MvqK dwKi AvjgMxi, wm‡bgv Awf‡bÎx,
kveb~i/KvRj/†iLv, A‡÷ªwjqv wμ‡KU`‡ji K¨v‡Þb, evm KÛv±i, eªv‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb Av‡e` Lvb,
†mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Awd‡mi wmwKDwiwU MvW©, KvjKvUv Kvgvj, Bgvg, cÖavb wbe©vPbKwgkbvi, mycÖxg
†Kv‡U©I cÖavb wePvicwZ, GBW&m Avμvš— abx ‡KvwUcwZ e¨w³, Zviv Rgxb ci wm‡bgvi cwiPvjK I
Awf‡bZv mvjgvb Lvb| b¨v‡Uv mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖavb, Biv‡K Av‡gwiKvb evwnbxi cÖavb, MvRv
wmwUi †gqi, ¯‹z‡ji wWªj wk¶K|
cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avmb †_‡K D‡V G‡m GKwU KvW© msMÖn Ki‡Z ejyb| mevB‡K Aby‡iva
Ki“b Kv‡W© Kx †jLv Av‡Q Zv †hb Ab¨ KvD‡K bv Rvbvb|
7| me AskMÖnYKvix KvW© msMÖn K‡i wbR wbR Avm‡b wd‡i †M‡j ejyb †h, Avcbv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
nv‡Z GKwU †ckvi bvg ev e¨w³i bvg Av‡Q| GLb †_‡K Avcbviv wb‡R‡K H †ckvi †jvK/e¨w³i
cwiP‡q K_v ej‡eb|
8| ejyb †h, Avgiv GLb G‡K G‡K mevi KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡ev bZzb †ckvi/Ae¯’vb †_‡K wkï
AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Avcwb Kx ØvwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| H Ae¯’vb †_‡K Avcbvi mywbw`©ó wKQz Kv‡Ri
K_v/cÖwZkÖ“wZ K_v ejyb hv Avcwb Ki‡Z Pvb|
9| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi K_v ïbyb| G mgq Zv‡`i K_vi g~j¨vqb Kiv hv‡e bv Zv †Lqvj ivLyb|
me AskMÖnbKvixi K_v †kl n‡q †M‡j ejyb †h, Avgiv †`Ljvg cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB, †h †h Ae¯’v‡b _v‡Kb
bv †Kb Zvi wKQz `vwqZ¡ _v‡KB|
10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
`vwqZ¡ evn‡Ki 3 `vwqZ¡
wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b `vwqZ¡evnK‡`i cÖavb `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q
 wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ`k©b
 wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb
 wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv

22. 22
11| 1,2, 3; 1,2,3 ¸‡Y AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3 wU MÖ“‡c fvM Ki“b| ejyb †h, hvi hvi Avm‡b
e‡mB KvR Ki‡eb Zviv|
12| Gevi KvR fvM K‡i w`b:
hv‡`i b¤^i 1 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Ôwkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bÓej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv wjL‡eb|
hv‡`i b¤^i 2 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Òwkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v cÖ`vbÓ ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zv wjL‡eb|
hv‡`i b¤^i 3 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Òwkïi AwaKvi c~iY Kiv Ó ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zv wjL‡eb|
13| wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i c‡q›U wjL‡Z ejyb | †mB mv‡_ wfc KvW©-G
†jLvi wbqg Rvwb‡q w`b/g‡b Kwi‡q w`b|
14| mevi †j‡Lv n‡q †M‡j KvW©¸wj 3 fv‡M †ev‡W© jvwM‡q †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v Ki“b| Ges cÖ‡Z¨K
MÖ“‡ci cÖwZwbwa †W‡K Zv covi e¨e¯’v Ki“b|
15| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡Ó Dc¯’vcb
Ki“b|
`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡
wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ`k©b
 wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Aš—M©Z wkïi me ai‡Yi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
wkï‡`i AwaKvi‡fvMx wnmv‡e m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e|
 Ggb †Kv‡bv AvBb, bxwZgvj ˆZwi/ev¯—evqb ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv hv‡e bv hv
wkï‡`i‡K †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq|
 wkk~ AwaKvi-Gi c‡¶ hZ ABb, bxwZgvjv `iKvi ˆZwi I ev¯—evqb
 wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wei“‡× ev wkï AwaKvi c~i‡Yi `vwe‡Z wkï‡`i A_ev wkï I
wkï AwaKv‡ii c‡¶ eo‡`i †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP cvj‡b evav bv †`Iqv
 wkïi ¯^vaxb gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ, wkï‡`i msMwVZ nIqvi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ m¤§vb
†`Lv‡bv|
wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb
 wkï AwaKvi myi¶v Kiv
 wkï AwaKvi j½b bv Kiv| Z…Zxq c¶ hv‡Z wkï AwaKvi j½b bv K‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv
 iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z me GjvKvi me wkkyi me AwaKvi c~i‡Yi e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb , weavb , bxwZgvjv, I ev¯—evqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi

23. 23
 cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ
 evóªxq e¨e¯’vq mivmwi †mev cÖ`vb
16| Gevi Òwewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnKÓ kxl©K bx‡Pi wPÎwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i
mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki“b|
wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnK

24. 24
17| welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔAwaKvi ‡fvMx I `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki
m¤úK©-Pμ kxl©K wPÎwU †`Lvb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
`vwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©-Pμ
AwaKvi Ñ `vwqZ¡ Ñ `vex
(†RvqvwKg _vBm cÖYxZ)
`vwqZ¡evnK
m¤§vb, myi¶v
Ges AwaKvi c~iY
hv‡`i Rb¨ ˆelg¨nxbZv †hLvb †_‡K
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i AwaKvi `vex
Kiv nq
AwaKvi‡fvMx
18| ejyb †h, GB QwewU †_‡K Avgiv ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki Av‡iv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Øvwq‡Z¡i K_v Rvb‡Z
cviwQ| Avi Zv n‡”Q Revew`wnZvi `vwqZ¡|
Rvwb‡q w`b †h, GB †Kv‡m© `vwqZ¡evnK‡`i Revew`wnZv wel‡q GKwU Awa‡ekb Av‡Q| Avgiv h_v
mg‡q G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
19| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|
Revew`wnZv
AskMÖnY

25. 25
Awa‡ekb 4
AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
-AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cUf~wg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-Pvwn`v wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b,†QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t †evW© I gvK©vi, wewfbœ cš’vi bvg †jLv KvW©, UªvÝcv‡iÝx mxU:Dbœqb cš’vi
BwZnvm, `yB avivi AwaKvi, Pvwn`v wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cv_©K¨
cÖwμqv:
1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb|
2| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
3| †ev‡W© ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’vÓ K_vwU wjLyb| mevB Zv †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb wK bv wbwðZ †nvb|
Zvici ejyb †h, ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’vÓ K_vwU G‡m‡Q ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vÓ K_vwU
†_‡K|
4| †ev‡W© ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÓ K_vwU wjLyb| ejyb †h, Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡K ÒivBU&m
†eBRW ‡W‡fjc‡g›U ‡cÖvMvgÕ ejv nq|
5| ejyb †h, Dbœqb Avi Ebœqb-Kg©m~wP wel‡q Avgiv Rvwb Avi G wb‡q KvRI K‡i AvmwQ|
Dbœœqb cš_vq bZzb GKwU gvÎv hy³ n‡q Zv n‡q‡QÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Ó|
6| ejyb †h,Avgiv cÖ_‡gB Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †_‡K ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÕ iƒcvš—wiZ
nIqvi welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
7| ejyb †h, Ab¨vq, AwePvi, Ab¨vh¨Zvi wei“‡× gvby‡li msMÖvg Pj‡Q †mB cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K|
‡kvlY, eÂbv, †f`v‡f`, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi Avi ¶gZvai‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi

26. 26
Rb¨ mgvR Avi e¨w³i g‡a¨ mym¤úK© Movi ZvwM` Av‡Q ey‡×i evYx‡Z, evB‡e‡j, †Kviv‡b|
AvaywbK Kv‡j Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv bvbv iKg cš’v e¨envi K‡iwQ Ges KiwQ|
8| aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K wewfbœ Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †R‡b wbb|
Zv‡`i ejv cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †ev‡W© wjLyb| ‡k‡l AvcwbI `yÕGKwU bvg hy³ Ki“b|
9| ejyb †h, Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i GB Dbœqb cš’v¸wj wewfbœ mg‡q Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡R
e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q, GL‡bv n‡”Q| G cÖm‡½ ejyb †h, Avgiv Kj¨vY cš’v(Welfare Approach)
†_‡K, `vwi`¨ª we‡gvPb cš’v(Anti Poverty Approach), Zv †_‡K mgZv cš’v(Equity
Approach), Ges ‡mLvb †_‡K `¶Zve„w×cš’v(Efficiency Approach) I Av‡iv c‡i
¶gZvqb cš’v (Empowerment Approach)Gfv‡e GK Dbœqb cš’v †_‡K Av‡iK
Dbœqbcš’vi cwieZ©b †`‡LwQ| eZ©gv‡b Dbœqb cš’v wnmv‡e ‡ewk ¸i“Z¡ cv‡”Q AwaKvi wfwËK
Dbœqb cš’v|
K_v¸wj ejvi mgq A‡M †_‡K ‰Zix mswk−ó Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †jLv KvW©¸wj †ev‡W© duvK duvK K‡i
AvU‡K w`b Ges GKwU †_‡K Av‡iKwU‡Z DËiY eySv‡Z + wPnè e¨envi Ki“b|
10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi Dbœqb cš’vq †cuŠQvi BwZnvm cÖ`k©b
Ki“b|Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mnvqZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
AwaKvi Dbœqb cš’vq †cuŠQvi BwZnvm
1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy×
1917 mgvRZvwš¿K ivwkqvi Rb¥
1946 mv‡Î©i Aw¯—Ë¡ev`
Pig e¨w³-¯^vZš¿¨ I Pig e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvev`
1948 mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv
1950-1980 kxZj hy×
Avš—©RvwZK kw³ 2 fv‡M wef³
c~uwRev`x c¶:hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎ †`k
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶: †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv I Ab¨
mgvRZvwš¿K‡`k mg~n
1966 UN International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights
Dbœqb I

27. 27
hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i;
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv
K‡i
gvbevwaKvi
Avjv`v n‡q hvq
1966 UN International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights
mgvRZvwš¿K c¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; hy³ivóª I
Zvi wgÎc¶ Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i
1986 Declaration on the Rights to
Development
1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q wkïi
wmwfj,ivR‰bwZ
K,A_©‰bwZK,mvg
vwRK I
mvs¯‹…wZK
AwaKv‡ii c~Y©
mgš^q
1997 UN Reform: Rights Based
Development
2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights
and Human Development
2001 Rights Based Programing
Approaches (UN organizations,
donors, NGOs..)
11| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb †h, AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ c„w_ex 2 fv‡M wef³| GKw`‡K Av‡Q
A_©‰bwZK,
mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi Avi Ab¨w`‡K Av‡Q wmwfj I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi
|
Avgiv G welqwU wb‡q Av‡iv LvwbKUv Av‡jvPb& Ki‡ev|
12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò`yB avivi AwaKviÓ QKwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges
msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|

28. 28
AwaKvi A_©‰bwZK,mvgvwRK Ges
mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi
 wk¶v
 ¯^v¯’¨
 AvkªqKvR
 cvwb
wmwfj I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi
evK ¯^vaxbZv
 Pjv‡div Kivi ¯^vaxbZv
 msNe× nIqvi ¯^vaxbZv
 b¨vq wePvi cvIqvi AwaKvi
 AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi
AwaKvi
mgm¨v `vwi`ª¨, †kvlY, Ab¨vh¨Zv e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ nzgKx
Bm¨~ ‡hŠ_ ¯^v_©
mgZv
`vwi`ª¨ †_‡K gyw³
m¤ú‡`i b¨vh¨ e›Ub
e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZv
fq/k¼v †_‡K gyw³
b¨vq wePvi
myi¶v
MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjv
mgvavb m¤ú`-Gi cybte›Ub
mylg m¤ú` †fvM
e¨w³i ¯^vaxbZv
13| ejyb †h, wewfbœ Dbœqb cš’vi K_v, gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vi K_v Avgiv Rvbjvg|
Avgv‡`i mevB‡K GKwU K_v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, ‡Kv‡bv Dbœqb cš’vi meUzKz ev` w`‡q Av‡iKwU
Dbœqb cš’vi Rb¥ nq bv| GKwU Dbœqb cš’vi djcÖmy w`K¸wj †i‡L Zvi AKvh©Ki I mxgve×Zv
ev` w`‡q Ab¨ GKwU Dbœqb cš’vi Rb¥ nq| A_©vr cš’vi i“cvš—i N‡U|
14| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I gvbevwaKvi wfwËK
Dbœqb cš’vi cv_©K¨ Luy‡R †ei Ki‡ev|
15| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM K‡i GKvRwU Ki‡Z w`b| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 20 wgwbU
mgq
cvIqv hv‡e - Zv Rvwb‡q w`b|

29. 29
16| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi ci cÖ‡Z¨K `j Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb
ce© †kl n‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb
cš’vi cv_©K¨Ó kxl©K ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b | Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡`i mv‡_ c‡q›Um¸wj
wgwj‡q wb‡Z ejyb|
Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K wKš‘y Pvwn`v wfwËK ev Ab¨ Dbœqb cš’v wfwËK
Kg©m~Px‡Z
Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv wbæi“c t
Pvwn`v ev Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v
* e¨w³MZ e`vb¨Zv bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, ˆbwZK I AvBbMZ
`vwqZ¡, eva¨evaKZv I `vwqZ¡
* †¯^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z eva¨Zvg~jK
`vbkxjZv AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡, eva¨evaKZv, I KZ©e¨
*Kj¨vY, `qv `w¶Yvg~jK AvBbMZ`vwe, wbðqZv
j¶Y¸wj‡K (symtoms) cÖvavb¨ †`q g~j KviY‡K (root causes) cÖvavb¨ †`q
AvswkK j¶¨ AR©‡bI mš‘wó jvf K‡i (D`vniY: 80 kZvsk
wkï‡K UxKv †`Iqv; e„nËi Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mev cÖ`vb Kiv)
m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©š— mš‘wó AR©b
K‡i bv| A_©vr mKj e¨w³i mgvb AwaKvi
Av‡Q, ZvB 80 kZvsk wkï‡K UxKv`vb Kivi
A_© GB †h, j¶¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AwR©Z nqwb
Pvwn`vi ¸i“‡Z¡i GKwU μg-web¨vm Av‡Q| wKQy Pvwn`vi ¸i“Z¡
Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`vi ¸i“‡Z¡i AwaK (†hgbÑ wk¶vi Av‡M Lv`¨)
AwaKvi‡K fvM Kiv hvq bv| Zviv AwefvR¨
Ges ci¯úi wbf©ikxj
cwiw¯’wZ, e¨w³ I cwi‡ek †f‡` Pvwn`v wfbœ AwaKvi me©Rbxb welq (mKj †¶‡Î mgvb)
Kj¨vYg~jK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i (D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv) ¶gZvqb (j¶¨ n‡”Q AwaKvi AR©b Kiv)
K‡i|
AwaKvi-†fvMx‡`i AwaKvi `vex Kivi Rb¨
¶gZvqb Kiv nq|
e¨w³Kfv‡e Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv nq Avš—R©vwZK gv‡bi wfwˇZ AwaKvi‡K †`Lv
nq|
†cÖ¶vcU ¯^í‡gqv`x, k~b¨Zv c~iY Kiv †cÖ¶vcU `xN©‡gqv`x
wkï‡`i we‡kl we‡kl †Mvôxi cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡i we‡kl we‡kl
cÖKí
cy‡iv welq we‡ePbvq †bqv nq (holistic
approach)
wkïiv mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Dchy³ wkïiv mvnvh¨ cvevi AwaKvix
miKv‡ii wKQy Kiv KZ©e¨, wKš‘ Kvi“iB †Kvb mywbw`©ó
eva¨evaKZv †bB
miKv‡ii AvBbMZ I ˆbwZK eva¨evaKZv
i‡q‡Q

30. 30
†mev cÖ`vb e¨e¯’vi DbœwZK‡í wkïivI AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i AwaKvie‡j wkïiv mwμq AskMÖnYKvix
m¤ú‡`i ¯^íZv‡nZz wKQy wKQy wkï ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i wb‡R‡`i m¤¢vebvi weKv‡k mKj wkïi mgvb
AwaKvi Av‡Q
cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri GKwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ mvgwMÖKfv‡e me
KvR‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GKwU j¶¨ wba©vi‡Yi e¨e¯’v †bB
Gi j¶¨ AZ¨š— mywe¯—„Z, mevB GK‡hv‡M
KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wKQy wKQy †Mvôxi cÖv‡qvwMK AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q hv †_‡K wkïivI
jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i
wkïi AwaKvi AR©‡b mKj c~Y©eq¯‹ e¨w³
GKwU wbR¯^ f~wgKv wb‡Z cv‡i (wkïivI Ask
wb‡Z cv‡i)
MÖnY‡hvM¨ `vwe Ges AvBbMZ AwaKvi
†¯^Qv cÖ‡Yvw`Z eva¨Zvg~jK
Lye mvgvb¨ ev Aí AskMÖnY _v‡K ev Ki‡Z cv‡i mwμq AskMÖnY
‡KD †KD ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i ev ev` co‡Z cv‡i mK‡jiB mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q
cÖ‡Z¨K Kvh©μg Abyhvqx j¶¨ wbw`©ó Kiv _v‡K m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b K‡i
Kj¨vYg~jK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i (D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv) ¶gZvqb (j¶¨ n‡”Q AwaKvi AR©b Kiv)
K‡i| AwaKvi †fvMx‡`i AwaKvi `vwe Kivi
Rb¨ ¶gZvqb Kiv nq
* cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v -i A‡bK PP©vKvix GUv ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv|
`yÕwU cš’vi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ cv_©‡K¨i g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb welq n‡”Q †h,Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨
cš’vi g‡a¨ †Kvb Revew`wnZv †bB| Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vq wkï‡`i myi¶v I mn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi
Rb¨ ivóª wKsev Ab¨vb¨ mswewae× KZ…©c‡¶i †Kvb ˆbwZK A_ev AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZv †bB|
Pvwn`v †_‡K A‡bK AwaKvi ˆZwi nq e‡U, Z‡e AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AvBbMZ, ˆbwZK eva¨evaKZv
I Revew`wnZv Avcbv †_‡KB hy³ _v‡K| GKBm‡½ AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx‡`i
AwaKvi `vwe Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv nq Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡`i ¶gZvqb Kiv nq| Gi A_© n‡”Q,
Zv‡`i K…cvi cvÎ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv, eis Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i cÖvc¨ AvBbMZ
AwaKvimg~‡ni `vex`vi wnmv‡e †`Lv nq|
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK cš’vi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB|
eis cÖ_gwU wØZxqwUi wfwË e‡j a‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i, Ges cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’vqiDËg
wRwbm¸wj‡K AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq mswk−ó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AwaKvi I Dbœqb `ywU aviYv‡KB GB
cš’vq GKxf~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
A‡bK mgq eySv‡bvi Rb¨ AwaKviwfwËK cš’v‡K cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK G¨v‡cÖv‡Pi wecixZ G¨v‡cÖvP wnmv‡e
msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| `ywU cš’viB wfwË n‡jv RbMY‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges Zv‡`i
†fZ‡i †h me m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †mB m¤¢vebvi c~Y© weKvk mvab Kiv| H j¶¨ AR©‡b Dfq cš’v‡ZB
bvbv gvwÎK mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv I K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e GB `yB gZev‡`i c~e©aviYv¸wj Ges
Kg©m~wPKi‡Y H me c~e©aviYvi e¨env‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

31. 31
17| Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi-Gi mv‡_ ¶gZv I ¶gZv KvVv‡gvi m¤úK© wbweo| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
AwaKvi mgvb n‡jI ¶gZvi Ø›Øg~jK m¤ú‡K©I Kvi‡Y Kg ¶gZvev‡bi AwaKvi jswNZ nq, ev
Zv‡`i AwaKvi _v‡K Ae‡nwjZ, Ac~wiZ| Avi G Kvi‡YB, AwaKvi K_vwUi g‡a¨ ÒAwaKvi
Av`v‡qi jovBÓ welqwU me©`vB RwoZ _v‡K| Avi ZvB, AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v n‡”Q
gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc|
18. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi
Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒcÓ wPÎwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨
Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc
19| cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ‡Z wPÎwUi e¨vL¨v `uvo Kivb|
gvbevwaKvi
 AvBb, wePvi I ¯^vaxbZvi
cÖwZ kª×v †Rviv‡jv Kiv
 gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© wk¶vi
cÖmvi
 AvBb cÖYqb
 gvbevwaKvi cwiw¯’wZi
Dci cwiex¶Y I
cÖwZ‡e`b
 ¯^vaxbfv‡e cwiPvwjZ
gvbevwaKvi welqK wewfbœ
cÖwZôvb
 wewfb cwZKvigjK e¨e¯v
Dbœq‡bi d‡j hv
AwR©Z nq
 A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Ges
Avq I m¤ú` e„w×
 bxwZgvjv cwieZ©b
 mvg_©¨ m„wó Kiv
 gvbm¤§Z †mev
 mykvmb
 e¨w³K g‡bvf½x I
Kg©ZrciZv ev Activism
 AwaKvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ RbMY‡K mw¤§wjZ Kiv I Zv‡`i
mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Ges G Rb¨ ¶gZvq AwawôZ e¨w³‡`i
Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv
 wbiš—b cÖPviYv I †`b`ievi
w
gvbevwaKvi I
Dbœqb
AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hme
†¶‡Î cwieZ©b
Avb‡Z n‡e
 ivRbxwZ I AvBb
 cÖvß m¤ú‡`i eÈb
 cÖwZôvb¸wji gvb
e„w×
 g‡bvf½x I e¨envi
 DcvË I cwiex¶Y

32. 32
20| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b| e¨vL¨v`v‡bi mgq Kg©ZrciZv As‡k
AwaKvi Av`v‡qi jovB welqwU ‡hvM Ki“b Ges ejyb †h, AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wP
¶gZvq AwawôZ‡`i Ici bvbv Dcv‡q Pvc m„wó K‡i| GW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©μg ZvB AwaKvi wfwËK
Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi GKwU D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Ask|
21| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv GKwU iƒcK ‡Ljvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡ev| Avi Zv Ki‡ev †Rvov`j
wfwˇZ|
22| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †Rvov`‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov`‡ji †h †Kvb GKRb‡K GKwU
nvZ g~wVe× Ki‡Z ejyb| Gici †Rvov`‡ji Ab¨Rb‡K H gywVe× nvZwU Lyj‡Z ejyb |
G mgq AskMÖnYKvixiv †KD †KD †Rvi K‡i gywV Lyj‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb| Awa‡ek‡b wKQyUv ˆn ˆP
n‡Z cv‡i|
23| mevB‡K _vwg‡q w`b| cÖkœ Ki“b: gywV Lyj‡Z †RvivRywi Ki‡Qb †Kb? Aby‡iva Ki‡j †h
KvRwU n‡q hvq, †mLv‡b †Rvi LvUv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb Kx?
24| ejyb †h, AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©ZrciZv n‡e Awnsm, wbqgZvwš¿K , AvBbvbyM|
25| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

33. 33
Awa‡ekb 5
wkï AwaKvi Kg©mywPKiY
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY Pμ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y cÖhvR¨ 5 wU g~jbxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiYKi‡Y wkï‡`i eûgvwÎK Ae¯’vb I f~wgKv we‡k−lY
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b,Abykxjb, iƒcK we‡klÁ †Pqvi
DcKiY t Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, mZ¨-wg_¨v Abykxjb cÎ, ¯−vBW: Kg©m~wPKiY Pμ, gvbevwaKvi
g~jbxwZ, wkï AwaKvi g~jbxwZ, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi Kg„m~wPKi‡Yi
Dcv`vb mg~n
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY wel‡q Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡ev|
2| Ô‡cÖvMÖvwgs ev Kg©m~PxKiY ej‡Z Avgiv ey‡S _vwKÕ- ? G wel‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv msMÖn Ki“b|
3| Zvici ejyb †h, †cÖvMÖvwgs ej‡Z Avgiv cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY, cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis
I g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU KvVv‡gv (frame work) cš’v (Approch) ey‡S _vwK|
4| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i-Gi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wP Pμ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

34. 34
cÖ_vMZ Kg©m~wP Pμ
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY/
Pvwn`v wPwýZKiY
g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb
ev¯—evqb I cwiex¶Y

35. 35
5| ejyb †h, GKB Pμ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Y e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e 4 av‡ci Kg©m~PxKiY
P‡μi cÖ_g av‡c cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY Gi ¯’‡j wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY K_vwU e¨envi Kiv
nq|
6| Gevi wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY Pμ Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Pμ
wkï AwaKvi
cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb
ev¯—evqb I cwiex¶Y

36. 36
7| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Y eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e wKQz g~jbxwZ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| ‡m¸wj
n‡”Q - ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ, m‡e©vËg ¯^v‡_©i g~jbxwZ, †eu‡P Z_v I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ| AskMÖn‡Yi
g~jbxwZ Ges Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ|
8| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ¸wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n
ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZ
‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ
AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
9| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi g~jbxwZ¸wj G‡m‡Q ÔgvbevwaKviÕ I Ôwkï AwaKviÕ g~jbxwZ
†_‡K|
10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔgvbevwaKviÕ I Ôwkï AwaKviÕ g~jbxwZ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
gvbevwaKvi g~jbxwZ
mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ
Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ
`vwqZ¡evnK‡`i eva¨evaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ
AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZ
wkï AwaKvi-Gi 5 g~jbxwZ
 ˆelg¨nxbZv
 wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v
 ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Ges
 AskMÖnY
 Revew`wnZv

37. 37
ejyb †h, gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Gi me¸wj g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡i wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY Kiv
nq|
j¶¨ Ki‡Z ejyb †h, AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ Av‡Q gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Dfq †¶‡ÎB| Avi wkï
AwaKv‡ii Ô‰elg¨nxZvi g‡a¨B Av‡Q gvbevwaKv‡ii Ômve©RbxbZvÕ I ÔAwffvR¨ZviÕ g~jbxwZ Avi
Gfv‡e meKwU g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡ii wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ `uvwo‡q‡Q 5wU‡Z|
11| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©myPxKi‡Y Gi g~jbxwZ cvjb cwinvh©| ZvB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi
msÁv n‡e-
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY
cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY
(Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|
12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ CRP-i msÁv cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY
gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ
we‡k−lY cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi
Kg©m~Px KiY (Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|
13| ‡ev‡W©, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY K_vwU ‡hvM wPnè e¨envi K‡i wjLyb:
wkï + AwaKvi + Kg©m~PxKiY
14| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ kãwU wZbwU cÖ`k©b K‡i msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY
 wkï (Child) : AvVv‡iv eQ‡ii wb‡P mKj evjK I evwjKv (hw` bv AvBbe‡j AvV‡iv eQ‡ii Kg
e‡qmx‡`i c~Y©eq¯‹ e¨w³ wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`qv nq)| GLv‡b ÔwkïÕ kãwU‡K GKwU mvwe©K A‡_©
e¨envi Kiv nq Ges Ôwkïi mvgwMÖKÕ cÖ‡qvRb¸wj‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq (Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb‡K
Ô¯^v¯’¨Õ ev Ôwk¶vÕ BZ¨vw`i gZ LvZIqvwi wefvRb Kiv nq bv)| GKBm‡½ msÁvwU ˆelg¨nxbZvi
g~jbxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ, A_©vr †kªYx, RvwZ, †MvÎ, eY©, fvlv BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU wkï‡K
mggh©v`v I AwaKvi †`qvi wbðqZv †`q| me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Aby‡”Q` 26L Abyhvqx
18 eQ‡ii bx‡Pi eqmKvj‡K GKwU e¨w³i ˆkkeKvj (childhood) wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q

38. 38
G Rb¨ †h, G mgqwU Zvi weewa©Z nevi mvg‡_©¨i Rb¨ Ges eq¯‹ e¨w³i Zzjbvq †ewk SzuwK‡Z
_vKvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e ˆewkó¨gwÊZ|
 AwaKvi (Rights): GwU wkï‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ gvbevwaKvi AvBb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, hv cÖ_gZ wkï
AwaKvi mb` ev Kb‡fbkb Ab w` ivBUm Ae w` PvBìmn Ab¨vb¨ Kb‡fbk‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
 Kg©m~wPKiY (Programming): mywbw`©ó j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b ¸W cÖ¨vKwUm AbymiY K‡i GK¸”Q
Kg©Kv‡Êi cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y Ges e¨e¯’vcbv eySvq|
15| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkï‡`i m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i mvaviY aviYv Rvb‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev|
16| Òwkï‡`i m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i mvaviY aviYvÓ kxl©K mZ¨wgZ¨v Abykxjb cÎwwU wewj Kiyb| 5
wgwbU mg‡qi g‡a¨ Abykxjb KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z ejyb|
wkï‡`i m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i mvaviY aviYv
mZ¨ wK wg_¨v wjLyb
- wkïiv Amnvq, eo‡`i Dci m¤ú~Y© wbf©ikxj|
- wkï‡`i Rb¨ †KvbwU fvj †KvbwU g›` eoiv Zv Rv‡bb|
- wkï gv‡bB bvevjK, c~Y©Zv Avm‡Z GL‡bv evwK|
- wkï‡`iI AwaKvi Av‡Q|
- wkïi cwievi hw` jvfevb nq Z‡e wkïivI jvfevb nq|
- wkïiv ïay PvB‡Z Rv‡b| Avi Zv‡`i me PvIqv c~iY Kiv Kv‡iv c‡¶ m¤¢e bq|
- me evev-gvB wkï‡`i R‡b¨ hv wKQz fvj Zv Ki‡Z Pvb|
- ‡KvbwU wkïi Rb¨ `iKvwi, †KvbwU Zv‡`i ¶wZ K‡i †m wel‡q me mgqB wkï‡`i gZvgZ
†bIqv cÖ‡qvRb|
- eo‡`i gZ wkï‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv I `„wófw½I Avjv`v Avjv`v|
- wkï AwfÁZv I `„wófw½ eo‡`i †_‡K wfbœ|
- wkïivI mgv‡Ri mwμq m`m¨
- cwievi ev mgv‡Ri DbœwZ n‡j wkïiv AvcbvAvcwb jvfevb n‡e Zv †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq bv|
- wkïivI wb‡R‡`I fvjg›` wb‡q fv‡e
- ev”Pv‡`i Ôgv‡ii Dci Jlya bvBÕ RbwcÖq †jLK ûgvqb Avn‡g‡`i K_vwU GK`g mwVK bq|
- wkï‡`i me K_v ïb‡Z n‡e|
- wkï‡`i K_v ïb‡Z n‡e, Z‡e me K_v gvb‡Z n‡e Zv bq|
- me eq‡mi wkï Zv‡`i gZ K‡i gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|
17| mZ¨ wg_¨v wPwnèZ Kiv †kl n‡j Abykxjb cÎwU Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b Ki“b
Ges †Kvb †¶‡Î †K Kx wj‡L‡Q †R‡b wbb| †h me ‡¶‡Î wfbœ gZ †`Lv w`‡q‡Q †m me wel‡q
msw¶ß weZK© Abyôvb Ki“b| Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevB‡K GKgZ n‡Z mnvqZv Ki“b|

39. 39
18| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ welqK ¯−vBWwU †`Lvb|
wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z wkï
 Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we›`y‡Z wkï|
 wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myôy weKv‡ki Rb¨ hv wKQz
cÖ‡qvRb me wKQz wgwj‡q wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e|
 wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, `ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq|
 wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e|
 wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e
bv|
 wkï‡`i kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i|
 GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi
cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v GKB g‡W‡ji bq|
 wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv
cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri mwμq AskMÖnYKvix|
 wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡`i bvbv
AwfÁZv Av‡Q, Av‡Q wbR¯^ cQ›`, mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv Avi mgm¨vi KviY wPwýZ Kivi
¶gZv, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mwVK mycvwik/civgk© cÖ`v‡bi `¶Zv|
19| ejyb †h, Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP KiY-Gi avc, g~jbxwZ Ges Kg©m~wP KiY cÖwμqvq
wkï‡`i‡K mgv‡Ri mwμq Askiƒ‡c †`Lvi welqwU †R‡bwQ| Gevi Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP
Ki‡Yi cÖavb cÖavb w`K/Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|
20| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vbÓ kxl©K n¨vÛ AvDU
weZiY Ki“b |

40. 40
wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vb
 mewKQyi †K‡›`ª wkï‡`i Ae¯’vb, Zv‡`i AwaKvi‡fvMx I mgv‡Ri mwμq Ask ev Actor wnmv‡e
†g‡b †bIqv|
 ivóª/miKvimg~nB †h gyL¨ `vwqZ¡evnK Zv wkïmn mgMÖ RbM‡Yi wbKU Ges Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b
¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv| GKBm‡½ †Kw›`ªq miKvi, †emiKvixLvZ, wkï‡`i cwiPh©v`vbKvix
†ckvRxex‡`iI `vwq‡Z¡i welqwU ¯§i‡Y ivLv|
 `vwqZ¡evn‡Kiv hv‡Z Zv‡`i eva¨evaKZv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ cªv‡qvwMK †KŠkjmsμvš—
mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q, ev‡RU eivÏ w`‡q Ges bvbvfv‡e Askx`vixZ¡ e„w× K‡i Zv‡`i mvg_©¨ e„w×
Kiv|
 gyL¨ cwiPh©v`vbKvix, wec` Avc` †_‡K i¶vKvix I c_wb‡`©kK wnmv‡e wcZv-gvZv I cwievi‡K
¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv Ges Zv‡`i H f~wgKv cvj‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|
 wkï I wkï evÜe cwi‡ek‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv|
 wj½ ˆel‡g¨i wel‡q ms‡e`bkxj nIqv Ges SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q I ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡q‡Q †mBme
evjK-evwjKv‡`i welqwU‡K gyL¨ K‡i GKwU ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© mgvavb A‡š^lY Kiv|
 ¶gZvi KvVv‡gv fvimvg¨c~Y© Kiv (†kªYx, wj½, b„ZvwË¡K RvwZmËv, eqm BZ¨vw`)| ¶gZvnxb
†kªYx‡K ¶gZvqb K‡i Ges Zv‡`i ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q GUv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 †KŠkjMZ cQ›` wbe©vPb I we‡kl e¨e¯’v MÖnYKv‡j wkï‡`i AwaKv‡ii wel‡q GKwU mvgwMÖK
`„wóf½x‡K aviY Kiv|
 AwaKvi c~i‡Yi A½xKvi wb‡q j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv|
 †UKmB dj AR©b‡K j¶¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i wkï‡`i Zvr¶wYK mgm¨v¸wj `~i Kivi cvkvcvwk
mgm¨vi g~j KviY¸wj‡KI `~i Kivi †Póvi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi †`qv|
 we‡kl K‡i wkï‡`i e¨vcv‡i AskMÖnYg~jK I ¶gZvqbKvix G¨v‡cÖvP e¨envi Kiv|
 wkï‡`i AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖPvi I cÖmvi, myi¶v I AwaKvi cwic~i‡Yi Rb¨ Askx`vi I HK¨‡RvU
M‡o †Zvjv|
 Avš—R©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvi Dci Av¯’v ivLv|
 hviv LyeB SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q Ges ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i welqwU †ewk K‡i Zz‡j aiv|
 GKwU mvgwMÖK cwi‡cÖw¶Z MÖnY Kiv hv‡Z wewfbœ LvZ ev †m±i mn‡hvwMZv `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

41. 41
 GKwU `xN©‡gqv`x j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv hv‡Z my¯úófv‡e Avš—R©vwZK AvB‡bi KvVv‡gv _vK‡e Ges
miKvi, `vZv I mykxj mgvR mw¤§wjZfv‡e GB KvVv‡gv cÖYqb Ki‡e|
 AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹vi KvR‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv, †hgb cwiex¶‡Yi Rb¨ ¯’vqx c×wZ| Gi d‡j
†UKmB cwieZ©‡bi AwaKZi m¤¢vebv m„wó n‡e|
21| iƒcK we‡klÁ †Pqvi c×wZ‡Z ÒAwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vbÓ -Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡q›U
e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
22| Ò wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wP KiYÓ wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Av‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv
wR‡Ám Ki“b| cÖkœ _vK‡j †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq Av‡jvPbv Ki“b|
23| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

42. 42
Awa‡ekb 6
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
-mgv‡R wkïi cÖwZ ˆelg¨ Ges Gi aib I KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
-wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
-ˆelg¨nxbZv bxwZi ¸i“Z¡¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t Abykxjb, aviYv cÖKvk,cª`k©b, †QvU`j,
DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx:
‡nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi,wd¬c kxU , gvK©vi †cb, Abykxjb cÎ, UªvÝcv‡iÝx: wkï AwaKvi mb‡`
ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZ, ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡,
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2| Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg I D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki“b|
3| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb- GB Awa‡ek‡bi kyi“‡Z Avgiv GKwU Ab~kxjb KvR Ki‡ev| KvRwUi
bvg? ÒKZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ?Ó
4| mevB‡K Abykxjb cÎwU wewj Ki“b| e‡j ivLyb †h, GLb †KD GwU co‡eb bv| †Uwe‡j D‡ëv
K‡i †i‡L w`b|
KZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ?
welq bvg
1. AvR‡K hv‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv 2 R‡bi bvg
2. w`‡b 10 N›Uvi †ewk cwikªg K‡ib
†PbvRvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

43. 43
3. fvj Mvb Mvq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
4. fvj Awfbq K‡i Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
5. GKRb wkky Dbœqb Kg©xi bvg
6. Dcb¨vm wj‡Lb Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
7. Lye †ewk wUwf †`‡L, Avcbvi †Pbv Rvbv
Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
8. Avcbvi Lye Kv‡Qi GKRb gvby‡li bvg
9. Avcbvi Awd‡m PvKix K‡i Ggb `yBR‡bi
bvg
10. GB †Kv‡©m AskMÖnYKvix †h †Kv‡bv
GKR‡bi bvg
11. cÖwZw`b †`Lv nq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg
12.Avcbvi MÖv‡gi/ gnj−vi GKRb fv‡jv
gvby‡li bvg
5| ejyb †h 2 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ GKvRwU †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv †`L‡Z PvB KvRwU †K `ª“Z †kl
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| weRqx 1g, 2q I 3q ¯’vb AR©bKvix‡`i bvg †NvlYv Kiv n‡e|
6| GK `yB wZb e‡j KvRwU ïiy Kivb|
7| 1g, 2q I 3q †K Av‡M †kl K‡i‡Q wPwnèZ Ki“b|
8| ejyb †h, mevB wbðqB hvi m¤ú‡K© wKQz bv wKQ~ Rv‡bb Zvi bvg wj‡L‡Qb| mevB‡K wnmve K‡i
wbgœwjwLZ bv‡gi msL¨v wnmve Ki‡Z ejyb|
 KqwU bvg cyi“‡li Avi KqwU bvg bvixi wj‡L‡Qb?
 KqwU wkïi bvg wj‡L‡Qb| (e‡j w`b ÒAvcbviv Rv‡bb Gi g‡a¨ KqRb wkïi bvg
wj‡L‡Qb|)

44. 44
 KqRb Mixe gvby‡li bvg wj‡L‡Qb?
 ‡Kv‡bv cÖwZebax gvby‡li bvg wj‡L‡Qb wK?
9| cÖkœ ivLyb- bvg †jLvi GKvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kb cyi“‡li bvg †ewk wjL‡jb, †Kb wkïi bvg
Kg wjL‡jb, ‡Kb Mixe gvby‡li bvg g‡b G‡jv bv, cÖwZeÜx Kv‡iv bvg †Kb g‡b Av‡mwb?
10| cÖkœ ivLyb, GwU Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i ˆelg¨g~jK `„wófw½ I AvPi‡Yi w`K wb‡`©k K‡i wKbv?
K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ wbb|
weKí : mš—v‡bi WvK bvg †`Iqvi †Ljv
1. Avcbvi eÜ~ GKRb ivR‰bwZK †bZv, Zvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q- mš—v‡bi
GKwU my›`i bvg w`b
2. Avcbvi evmvi Kv‡Ri †g‡qi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU bvg
3. Avcbvi evwo‡Z wbqwgZ `ya †`q, †mB `xby †Mvqvjvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q,
Zvi GKwU bvg w`b
4. GKRb bvg Kiv †jL‡Ki GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg
w`b
5. miKvix eo PvKwi K‡i Ggb GKR‡bi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi
GKwU bvg w`b
6. Avcbvi mnKg©x dzUdz‡U GKwU mš—v‡bi gv n‡q‡Qb, †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU
bvg w`b
7. Avcbvi †g‡q cÖ_g mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb, †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b
8. MÖv‡g †eov‡Z wM‡q Rvb‡Z †c‡jb Avcbvi †QvU †ejvi eÜ~ †h GKRb Mixe
K…lK Zvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b|
9. cÖPÛ S‡oi iv‡Z Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q GK wkk~, Zvi GwU bvg w`b|
10. GjvKvi weL¨vZ GK gyw³‡hv×vi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q|†mB mš—v‡bi GKwU
bvg w`b
mswk−ó cÖkœ:
- ‡K KqwU †Q‡ji bvg wj‡L‡Qb, KqwU †g‡qi bvg wj‡L‡Qb? msL¨vMZ cv_©‡K¨i KviY Kx?
- cÖ‡Z¨KwU bvg wK mgvb gh©v`vc~Y©?
G me wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K Zv‡`i gZvgZ †R‡b wbb|
11| ejyb †h, †QvU‡ejv †_‡K †h wkï ˆel‡g¨i g‡a¨ eo nq, eo n‡q †m GKB iK‡gi ˆelg¨g~jK
AvPiY K‡i _v‡K| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ ZvB A‡bK †ewk|
ejyb †h, c„w_exi A‡bK A-kvwš—i g~‡j GB ˆelg¨| gvbyl‡K Ae‡njv, gvby‡li cÖwZ AwePvi Avi
†kvl‡Yi g~‡j Av‡Q ˆelg¨|

45. 45
12| ejyb †h, gvby‡l gvby‡l bvbv Kvi‡Y cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| †KD abx, †KD Mixe. †KD wkw¶Z †KD
Awkw¶Z, Kv‡iv eyw× †ewk Kv‡iv ev eyw× Kg| GiKg Av‡iv A‡bK cv_©K¨ Av‡Q gvby‡li gvby‡l|
Avgiv GLb gvby‡l gvby‡l bvbv iKg cv_©‡K¨i GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡ev|
13| gvby‡l gvby‡l cv_©K¨¸wj Kx Kx? aviYvcÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GKwU K‡i cv_©K¨
c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b| cÖ‡qvR‡b 2q ivDÛ aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z Av‡iv c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b| me
c‡q›U wd¬ckx‡U wjLyb|
14| ejyb †h, wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv GB cv_©K¨‡K KviY wnmv‡e a‡i Ab¨‡`i ‡nq Ávb K‡i,
¯^vaxbZvq n¯—‡¶c K‡i, VKvq, †kvlY K‡i|
ejyb †h, me gvbyl‡K mgvb fv‡e bv †`Lv, me gvby‡li cÖwZ mgvb `„wófw½ †cvlY I mgvb AvPiY bv
Kiv‡K Avgiv ˆelg¨KiY e‡j _vwK|
15| Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx e¨envi K‡i Ki“b wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ewY©Z ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZ
cÖ`k©b Ki“b I e¨vL¨v Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZ
 wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` 2-G wel‡q mivmwi D‡j−L Kiv
n‡q‡Q †h, wkïiv RvwZ, eY©, †RÛvi, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ
BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l mgvb AwaKvi cv‡e|
Aby‡”Q`-2
1. AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n Zv‡`i wbR wbR AvIZvq cÖwZwU wkïi Rb¨ GB
mb‡` Dwj−wLZ AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖwZ kª×vkxj _vK‡e Ges G¸‡jvi
wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e| G e¨vcv‡i wkï A_ev Zvi wcZvgvZv wKsev
AvBbm¤§Z Awffve‡Ki †¶‡Î †MvÎ, eY©, wj½, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK
wfbœgZ, RvZxqZv A_ev mvgvwRK cwiPq, weË, mvg_©¨ Rb¥m~‡Î wKsev
Ab¨ †Kvb eskMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y ˆelg¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|

46. 46
2. wkïi wcZvgvZv, AvBbm¤§Z AwffveK wKsev cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i
Ae¯’vb, Kvh©Kjvc, cÖKvk¨ gZvgZ ev wek¦vm hw` †Kvb wkïi Rb¨
ˆelg¨ wKsev kvw¯—i KviY nq Z‡e AskMÖnYKvix i‡óªmg~n wkïi
AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ me ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|
 myZivs wkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ_g K_vB nj ˆelg¨nxbZv|
16| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi mb‡` mKj wkïi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GKwU wkï ev` hvIqvi A_© n‡”Q H
ev` hvIqv wkïwU ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡q‡Q| ZvB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Y mKj wkïi Aš—©f~w³
KiY ev GKxf~Z Ki‡Yi cÖwZ †Rvi Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|
17| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wb‡R‡`i Kg©m~wPi AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi
gva¨‡g bx‡Pi cÖkœ¸wji DËi ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|
K) Avcbv‡`i wkï Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †Kvb ai‡bi wkï‡`i Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Q? (aib,
eqm,wj½, GjvKv, ¯‹z‡j co–qv -------)
L) Avcbv‡`i wkï Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi wkï Aš—©fy³ nq wb? ev` c‡o‡Q?
ev` covi KviY Kx?
M) ev` cov wkï‡`i Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ Kx c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡q‡Q?
N) Kg©m~wP GjvKvq mvgvwRK fv‡e ev` cov wkï Kviv? Zv‡`i‡K Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq GKxf~~Z
Kiv hv‡e Kxfv‡e?
`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
18| Gici cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡`i Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vc‡bi ci
Ab¨`‡ji gZvgZ ‡R‡b wbb|
19| ejyb †h, ÒKviY hvB _vKzK bv †Kb ˆelg¨ Kiv hv‡e bvÓ- GwUB ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~j K_v |
20| Gevi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡q ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b:

47. 47
ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡
 ˆel‡g¨i KviY †KvbwUB Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq|
 wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i ˆelg¨nxbZvi bxwZgvjvq me ai‡bi ˆelg¨ `~i Ki‡Z †Rvi w`‡q ejv
n‡q‡Q|
 wkï AwaKvi mb` me wkïi (100 % ) Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|
 me wkï me ai‡bi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e| †Kv‡bv GKwU AwaKvi ev` w`‡q evwK kZKiv
99fvM AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡jI wkï AwaKvi c~Y© AwR©Z n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|
 cÖwZwU Aby‡”Q`B me wkïi Rb¨ mgvb ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †h me wkï †eu‡P Av‡Q A_P Rxeb
weKv‡ki Rb¨ msMÖvggyLi, Zv‡`i R‡b¨I GB mb` cÖ‡hvR¨|
 †h me wkïiv eo n‡”Q, ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q ev hv‡e, Zv‡`i R‡b¨I GB mb`| †h me wkï wewfbœ
†`‡k ivóªxq Ø›Ø-msNvZ, kΓZv ev ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi ZvivI GB AwaKvimg~n †fvM Ki‡e|
 wkïi we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wkï‡`i g‡a¨ kvixwiK gvbwmK ev mvgvwRK we‡klZ¡ _vKzK Avi bv-B _vKzK, wkïi
AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ _vK‡e bv|
 ag©-wek¦vm, msL¨vjNyZ¡, Avw`evmx ev DcRvZxq - me wkïiB GKB iKg AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
 †g‡qiv †Q‡j‡`i mgvb|
 GKwU †cvwjI Avμvš— ev AÜ wkïi AwaKvi mgvb |
 wkïiv ˆelg¨g~jK cwi‡e‡ki gva¨‡g †e‡o D‡V e‡jB Zviv A‡bK mgq Ab¨ wkï‡`i mv‡_
ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i|
21| ejyb †h, Avgiv GB Awa‡ekb GKUz c‡iB †kl Ki‡ev| Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Avgiv †`‡LwQ
‡h, m‡PZb ev A-m‡PZbfv‡e Avgiv ˆelg¨ K‡i _vwK| |GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K Avgiv GKwU †Ljvi
gva¨‡g ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZi cÖwZ `„p Av¯’v cvj‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`‡ev|
22| mevB‡K Wvb nvZ gywôe× Ki‡Z ejyb Ges nvZwU gywôe× Ae¯’vq †Uwe‡j †P‡c ivL‡Z ejyb|
ejyb †h, nvZ †KD IVv‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb bv Avi Avcwb wKQz wb‡`©k w`‡eb, †m Abymv‡i mevB †hb
wb‡`©wkZ KvRwU K‡ib|
wb‡`©kvejx
GK) Ò‰elg¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ A-kvwš— m„wó K‡iÓ- G K_vwU hw` mZ¨ g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi
‡Kej gvÎ ga¨g Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|Ó
mevB Avs¸j IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvbv‡eb|
`yB) Ògvbyl‡K Ae‡njv, gvby‡li cÖwZ AwePvi Avi †kvl‡bi g~‡j Av‡Q ˆelg¨Ó- GK_vwU hw` mZ¨
g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ ey‡ov Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|

48. 48
mevB AvsMyj IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvbv‡eb|
wZb) Òˆelg¨ Kivi KvRwU wkïiv wk‡L eo‡`i KvQ †_‡KÓ GK_vwU hw` mZ¨ g‡b K‡ib Z‡e
gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ K‡o Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb |
mevB Avs¸j IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvbv‡eb|
Pvi) Ò‰elg¨ †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi AwaKvi Av‡Q mKj wkïi, mKj gvby‡liÓ-GK_vwUi mv‡_ hw`
GKgZ nb Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ ZR©bx Ic‡i IVvb|
mevB AvsMyj IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvbv‡eb|
cuvP) Òwkïi cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiY eÜ Ki‡Z Avgiv cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡evÓ -GK_vwUi mv‡_ hw`
GKgZ nb Z‡e A½yixq ev wis wdsMvi A_©vr K‡o Avs¸‡ji cv‡ki Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|
mevB‡K c~b:c~b:, cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡Z ejyb |
23| ejyb †h, GwU hZ k³ KvRB †nvK bv †Kb Avgv‡`i μgvMZ †Póvq wkï‡`i cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK
AvPiY Avgiv i“L‡evB|
24| Av‡jvPbvi mvi ms‡¶c †U‡b, mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

49. 49
Awa‡ekb 7
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ
D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Gi g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi mv‡_ mswk−ó AwaKvimg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi mv‡_ mswk−ó AwaKvimg~n c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mswk−ó
ØvwqZ¡evnK‡`i ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t Qwe AvuvKv, †QvU`j,aviYv cÖKvk
cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖxt
- †nvqvBU †evW© I †evW© gvK©vi,d¬xckxU I gvK©vi, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU: - wkï AwaKvi
bxwZgvjv-i wÎfyR; wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi Abyy‡”Q` 6,wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi
Rb¨ Abymibxq w`Kmg~n
cÖwμqv t
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb Ges Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi ms‡M cwiPq Kwi‡q w`b|
2. ejyb †h, Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K KL‡bv bv KL‡bv PvivMvQ jvwM‡qwQ | Zv nq‡Zv d‡ji Pviv, dz‡ji
Pviv, mâxi Ab¨,†Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi Pviv| Avgiv GLb GKwU PvivMvQ AuvKvi KvR Ki‡ev|
3. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ‡Rvov `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ KvR¸wj Ki‡Z ejyb:
 ‡Rvov`‡ji m`m¨iv GKwU K‡i PvivMvQ AuvK‡eb|
 PvivMvQwU eo n‡j Zv †_‡K Zv‡`i Kx cÖZ¨vkv Zv wjL‡eb|
 PvivMvQwU eo K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i‡K Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wjL‡eb|
GKvRwU Kivi Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b|
4. `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡`i KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

50. 50
5. Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j cÖkœ ivLyb: GKwU Pviv Mv‡Qi mv‡_ GKwU wkïi †Kvb wgj Av‡Q wKbv|
cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi KvQ †_‡K GiKg wg‡ji GKwU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b|
6. ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|
7. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi g~jbxwZ m¤^^wjZ wÎfyRwU cÖ`k©b
Ki“b|
‰elg¨nxbZv
(Aby‡”Q`-2)
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© AskMÖnY
(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12)
+ Revew`wnZv
(Aby‡”Q`-4)
8.wÎfy‡Ri gvSLv‡b Òwkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvkÓ K_vwU wÎfyRwU‡Z we‡kl †Kv‡bv ¸i“Z¡ enb
Ki‡Q wKbv - `y&B GK R‡bi KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wbb| Zvici ejyb †h, wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvkB g~j
welq Avi Gi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i hZ Av‡qvRb| †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i
Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ| Ab¨ g~jbxwZ¸wj wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ I gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡hvR¨|
9.Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` 6 Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
†eu‡P _vKv
I weKvk
(Aby‡”Q`-6)

51. 51
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Aby‡”Q` 6
2. kixK ivóªmg~n ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, cÖwZwU wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi mnRvZ
AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|
3. kixK ivóªmg~n wkï‡`i †eu‡P_vKv Ges weKv‡ki †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ me©vwaK
wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
10.mevB‡K wkï AwaKvi¸”Q Av‡jvPbvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q w`b| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi ¸”Q
Av‡jvPbvi mgq Avgiv wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv Avi wkïi weKvk ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv †R‡bwQ|
mswk−ó AwaKvi¸wj Av‡iKevi g‡b Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev Avgiv|
11. Gevi, Òfvjfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvi¸wj Kx Kx? Ó- cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi
KvQ †_‡K G wel‡q GKwU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b Ges Zv wd¬c †ev‡W© wjLyb|
(m¤¢ve¨ wKQz c‡q›U :Lv`¨, Avkªq, wPwKrmv, e¯¿, wbivc` cvwb I cwi‡ek)
12. GKBfv‡e Òwkïi myôz weKvk-Gi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvi¸wj Kx Kx ?Ó- Zv †R‡b wbb Ges
Av‡iKwU wd¬ckx‡U wjLyb|
(m¤¢ve¨ wKQz c‡q›U : wk¶v, †Ljva~jv, we‡bv`b, †mœn-fvjevmv, mvs¯‹…wZK PP©v, wkï`j MVb ,
ag©cvjb)
wd¬ckxU 2wU †`qv‡j Uvbv‡bvi e¨e¯’v wbb|
13. Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~nÓ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~n
- bxwZgvjv/cwjwm ˆZwi, ms‡kvab I cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î evwZj Kiv
- bxwZgvjvi myôz ev¯—evqb
- KvVv‡gv/DcwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi/gReyZKiY
- cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ
- gvbm¤úbœ †mev cÖ`vb

52. 52
- gwbUwis e¨e¯’v †Rvi`viKiY
- ¶wZMÖ¯—/Amnvq/wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡`i ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb
14. Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ wbgœ
wjwLZ QKc~i‡Yi KvRwU Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbvb| cÖ‡Z¨K`j 2wU QKB c~iY Ki‡e| GKUz Av‡M
wPwnèZ Kiv Òfvjfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKviÓ I Ò myôz weKvk-Gi Rb¨ wkïi
AwaKvimg~nÓ c~iY Kiv I j½b †iva Kivi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi ØvwqZ¡evnKMÖ“c Kx KvR Ki‡eb
Zv wPwnèZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
15. Av‡iv ejyb †h, wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki AwaKvi¸wj c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mivmwi mn‡hvwMZv ,
AvBb, bxwZgvjv BZ¨vw` mn Ab¨vb¨ cwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi BZ¨vw` gv_vq †i‡L QK c~i‡Yi KvRwU
Ki‡Z n‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
wkïi †eu‡P _vKv
wkïi †eu‡P _vKv
msμvš—
AwaKvi
cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivóª
Lv`¨ cywó ?
wkïi weKvk
cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivvóª
wk¶v
gvbm¤§Z wk¶vi
AwaKvi

53. 53
16. `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K`j Zv‡`i c~iYK…Z QK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl
nIqvi ci Ab¨`‡ji m`m¨iv Zv‡`i gZvgZ Rvbv‡e|
17. mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

54. 54
Awa‡ekb 8
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_i¶vi g~jbxwZ
D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:
- wkïi wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- wkïi wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vq ØvwqZ¡evnK‡`i ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t NUbv we‡k−lY
DcKiY t 4wU Mí/NUbv cÎ
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b|
2| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 1wU K‡i NUbv-cÎ mieivn Ki“b| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K `j Mí/NUbvwU we‡k−lY
Ki‡e Ges wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq mswk−ó cÖkœwUi mwVK Reve HK¨g‡Z¨i wfwˇZ ˆZwi
Ki‡e | `jxq Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mgq _vK‡e 7 wgwbU|
NUbvcÎ-1
gwbKvi eqm 17 eQi| †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q 24 eQi eqmx kv‡n`‡K|
gwbKvi evev I kv‡n‡`i evev `yR‡bB kn‡ii bvgKiv abx e¨emvqx,
cÖfvekvjx e¨w³| gwbKv I kv‡n` †Mvc‡b we‡q K‡i‡Q| we‡qi ci kv‡n`‡`i
evwo‡Z D‡V‡Q gwbKv| kv‡n‡`i evev Zv‡`i G we‡q †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb wKš‘
gwbKvi evev G we‡q †g‡b †bb wb| wZwb Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb| †g‡q‡K
wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †diZ †c‡Z Pvb wZwb| Zvi g‡Z G we‡q A‰ea| wZwb †g‡qi
m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© we‡ePbv K‡i †g‡q‡K †diZ cvIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

55. 55
‡Q‡ji ev‡ci e³e¨ n‡jv: †g‡qi eqm 18 eQ‡ii Kg, Zviv we‡q K‡i Ab¨vq
K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ¯^vgx-¯¿x wnmv‡e ivwÎ hvc‡bi ci we‡q GLb ˆea| wZwb ej‡Qb,
†g‡q‡K ev‡ci evwo cvVv‡j Zvi evev Zvi Ici AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, we‡q
†f‡½ †`Iqvi Rb¨ †g‡qi Ici Pvc w`‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡Z `ywU Rxeb ¶wZMÖ¯—
n‡e|
gwbKv ej‡Q, †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q Ges GLb †m ¯^vgxi evox‡Z _vK‡Z
Pvq|
Avcwb wePviK n‡j Kx ivq w`‡Zb?
NUbvcÎ-2
iwngv LyeB Mixe N‡ii †g‡q| eqm 15 eQi| evwo‡Z †mw`b GKv †c‡q
cvovi Ae¯’vcbœ cwiev‡ii hyeK KwjgywÏb Zv‡K al©Y K‡i| iwngvi evev G
e¨vcv‡i _vbvq gvgjv K‡i| cvovi gyi“weŸiv ZLb iwngvi mv‡_ KwjgywÏb-
Gi we‡q w`‡q †`q Avi KwjgywÏb‡K eva¨ K‡i iwngvi bv‡g 3 weNv Rwg wj‡L
w`‡Z|
GjvKvi gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv al©Y-gvgjvi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bq Ges iwngvi
evev‡K gvgjv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| Zv‡`i g‡Z, we‡q KL‡bv al©Y gvgjvi
wePvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj wK‡kvixi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvBbvb~M wePvi
`vwe K‡i Zviv|
G †¶‡Î Avcbvi we‡ePbvq KiYxq Kx?
NUbvcÎ-3
Avcbvi evmvq 13 eQi eqmx GK wK‡kvix KvR K‡i| ‡g‡qwU Avcbvi
k¦ïic‡¶i `~i m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xq| evwo hvIqvi Rb¨ †g‡qwU mviv¶Y KvbœvKvwU
K‡i| MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z Zvi ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ gv †g‡qwUi fiY †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| Zvi gv Pvq †g‡qwU Avcbvi evmv‡ZB _vKzK| wKš‘ Avcbvi ¯¿x Ges †Q‡j
†g‡qiv †g‡qwUi KvbœvKvwU †`‡L Avi Zv‡K ivL‡Z Pvq bv| Gw`‡K †g‡qwU
GKw`b ûgwK †`q †h, †m GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e|

56. 56
Avcbvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡”Q †h, †g‡qwU mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e|
G †¶‡Î Avcbvi cwiev‡ii KiYxq Kx?
NUbvcÎ-4
GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq GjvKvq 7 †_‡K 8 eQi eqmx 4 Rb cÖwZeÜx wkï
Av‡Q| GKRb AÜ, 2 Rb evK I 1 Rb gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx| evKcÖwZeÜx `yB
Rb †g‡q, evwK `yBRb †Q‡j| Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Mixe cwiev‡ii mš—vb|
¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv hvq wb Zv‡`i| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶ Zv‡`i fwZ© K‡iwb|
Avcbwb hLb we`¨vjq e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡jb _Lb Giv Zv‡`i
AwffveK‡`i wb‡q Avcbvi Kv‡Q G‡jv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bvi Av‡e`b wb‡q? Kx
Ki‡eb Avcwb?
3| `jxq Av‡jvPbv ïi“ Ki‡Z ejyb|
4| `jxq Av‡jvPbv †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji c¶ †_‡K 1 Rb‡K Zv‡`i Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ_‡g,cÖwZwU `j me©m¤§wZμ‡g wm×v‡š— †cŠQ‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweavi c‡owQj wKbv Zv
Rvbv‡Z ejyb|
GKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j, H wel‡q Ab¨‡`i gZvgZ ‡R‡b wbb| gZvg‡Zi ˆecixZ¡ †`Lv
†M‡j †m †¶‡Î msw¶ß weZK© Abyôvb-G mnvqZv Ki“b
5| meKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j ejyb †h, RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i GKwU g~jbxwZ n‡”Q
Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v| GwU wkï AwaKvi †cÖvMÖvwgs -GiI g~jbxwZ|
6| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wb‡q RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i 3bs Aby‡”Q` cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
†¯^”Qvg~jK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 3 Rb‡K Aby‡”Q` Gi 3wU aviv co‡Z ejyb I
e¨vL¨v K‡i eywS‡q w`‡Z ejyb| (Ab¨ivI GB e¨vL¨v Kv‡R Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib) Ab¨‡`i gZvgZ wbb|
Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b|

57. 57
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-3
1. miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi mgvRKj¨vY cÖwZôvb, Av`vjZ, cÖkvmb ev AvBb
cÖYqbKvix e¨w³eM© †h-B †nvK bv †Kb wkï wel‡q †h-†Kvb ai‡bi Kvh©μ‡g
wkïi ¯^v_©B n‡e cÖ_g I cÖavb we‡ePbvi welq|
2. wkïi evev-gv, AvBbMZ AwffveK ev Ab¨ e¨w³ hviv AvBbMZfv‡e wkïi
`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K wkïi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ meai‡bi `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡i‡Qb wKbv †m wel‡q wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n
AvBbMZ I cÖkvmwbK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e|
3. AskMÖnYKvix ivóª wkïi Rb¨ †mev I my‡hvM cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨
gvb`Û `¶Zvi mv‡_ ZË¡veav‡bi welqwUi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e, we‡kl K‡i wkïi
Rb¨ wbivcËv, ¯^v¯’¨, cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡`i msL¨v I Zv‡`i Dchy³ ZË¡veav‡bi
welqwU|
7| Gevi, AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖwZ cÖkœ ivLyb - wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZ †Kb A‡bK mgq
weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i|
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ wbb Ges Zv‡`i gZvg‡Zi g~j c‡q›U¸‡jv wd¬c Pv‡U© wjLyb| Zvici
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶Ai bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY kxl©K
UªvÝcv‡iÝx kxU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY
 A‡bK †¶‡ÎB åvš— aviYvi Rb¨ wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZ weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i|
 g~jZ: wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©
- †K we‡ePbv Ki‡eb,
- KLb we‡ePbv Ki‡eb,
- †Kvb gvb`‡Û we‡ePbv Ki‡eb -
G¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cvwjZ bv n‡j we‡kl weZ‡K©i m„wó nq|

58. 58
8| Gevi, cy‡e©v³ 5wU `j‡K bx‡Pi 5wU ch©v‡q Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b
KiYxq welq¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î D`vniY †hvM Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki“b 10 wgwbU|
cwiev‡i
we`¨vj‡q
mgv‡R
GbwRI-i Kg©m~wP‡Z
ivóªxq ch©v‡q
9| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡`i Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
10| 4wU `‡ji Av‡ivPbvi m~Î a‡i ejyb †h, wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v mswk−ó wel‡q wm×vš—
†bIqvi mgq meKwU weK‡íi fv‡jvg›` wePvi Ki‡Z nq| Avi GB weKí¸wji g‡a¨ ÔGKwU gvÎÕ
mwVK G welqwU gv_vq †i‡L †Kej ÔmwVKwUBÕ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
11| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ KiYxq w`K¸wj cÖ`k©b
Ki“b|
wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vq KiYxq
- wkïi/wkï‡`i gZvgZ Rvbyb (wkïi mKj gZvgZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bvI n‡Z cv‡i)
- wkïi Pvicv‡k hviv _v‡Kb Zv‡`i †_‡K Rvbyb|
- AwfÁ (mswk−ó †¶‡Î we‡klÁ) e¨w³i civgk© w`b
- AvBb e‡j †`Lyb/AvB‡bi mn‡hvwMZv wbb|
- wkï I eo‡`i GKÎ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Ki“b
- ¯^í I `xN© †gqv`x djvdj we‡ePbv Ki“b
- wkïi Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi wewNœœZ n‡”Q bv wbwðZ Ki“b
- wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi welqwU wkïi ¯^v_©i¶v wel‡qi †K›`ªg~‡j ivLyb |
AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AvnŸvb Rvbvb bZzb c‡q›U hy³ Kivi Rb¨|
mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

59. 59
Awa‡ekb 9
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ 1
D‡Ïk¨: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
- Òwkïi AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKviÓ ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
- eq¯‹‡`i mvg‡b wkïi ¯^vaxb gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki evavmg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1N›Uv
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b, f~wgKv Awfbq, †QvU`j
cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx:
†nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i , wd¬ckxU I gvK©vi, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU:
AskMÖnY,RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb Aby‡”Q` 12, wkï AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ Aby‡”Q`,wkïi
AskMÖn‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯’v; f~wgKv Awfb‡qi 2 wU welq-cÎ
cÖwμqv t
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2. Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg I D‡Ïk¨ Rvwb‡q w`b|
3. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i cÖkœ Ki“b- wkïi AskMÖnY ej‡Z wK eySvq? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Zvi aviYv †R‡b wbb|
4. †k‡l ejyb-Avgv‡`i KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv Kg©Kv‡Û †hvM`vb‡K AskMÖnY e‡j _vwK|
AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ|
5. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AskMÖn‡Yi GB msÁvwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

60. 60
AskMÖnY
AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ
6. ejyb †h, Avgiv bvbv iKg Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡i _vwK Avi ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡YÓ hLb
†hvM †`B ZLb Zv‡K AskMÖnY ewj| GLb †_‡K AskMÖnY ej‡Z Avgiv †Kej ÔcwiKíbv
I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY Ó Kivi K_v eyS‡ev|
7. Gevi ejyb †h, ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡YÓ AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ Kiv nq gZvgZ
cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g| Avi RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` wkï‡`i AskMÖnY ev gZvgZ cÖKvk-Gi
AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
8. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i 12 bs Aby‡”Q` cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
wkï AwaKvi mb`
Aby‡”Q`-12
1. gZvgZ MV‡b cwic° wkï wbR¯^ gZvgZ Ges aviYv cÖKv‡k Aeva ¯^vaxbZvi
AwaKvix| †mB mKj AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ wkï eqm Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi ¶gZv
Abyhvqx GB mKj gZvgZ‡K hv‡Z h_vh_ ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq AskMÖnYKvix ivómg~n
Zvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|
2. D‡Ï‡k¨ wkï‡K mywbw`©ó my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e †hb wkï wb‡R A_ev †Kvb cÖwZwbwa wKsev
†Kvb h_vh_ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Zvi wbR ¯^v_© mswk−ó wePvi wefvMxq ev cÖkvmwbK
†gvKÏgvi †¶‡Î RvZxq AvB‡bi wewae× avivi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Zviv K_v ej‡Z
cv‡i|
9. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i GKRb‡K 12 Aby‡”Q‡`i 1bs avivwU co‡Z ejyb| Gevi Ab¨ GKRb‡K
GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| Gevi Aci GKRb‡K 2bs avivwU co‡Z ejyb Ges †h †Kvb

61. 61
GKRb‡K GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡R gZvgZ †hvM K‡i Av‡jvPbv‡K mg„×
Ki“b|
10.AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb- GwUB wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKv‡ii g~j KvVv‡gv| G QvovI
RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Av‡iv K‡qKwU Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi K_v wewfbœfv‡e
ejv Av‡Q|
- Ifvi‡nW c‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Ab¨ †hme Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi
AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wb‡q ˆZix wb‡gœv³ QKwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b
Aby‡”Q` 3: ‰elg¨nxbZvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 4: wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©
Aby‡”Q` 5: AwffveK‡`i `vwqZ¡
Aby‡”Q` 6: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weK&v‡ki AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 9: wkïi gZ bv wb‡q Zv‡K cwievi †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv hv‡e bv|
Aby‡”Q` 13: ¯^vaxb gZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 14: ¯^vaxb gZ, wPš—v I ag©PP©vi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 15: msMV‡bi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 16: ‡MvcbxqZvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 17: Z_¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 29: †h wk¶v gvbevwaKvi I MYZ‡š¿i Rb¨ DrmvwnZ K‡i Zvi AwaKvi
Aby‡”Q` 31: †Ljvayjv I wekªv‡gi AwaKvi
11. cici 2 wU f~wgKv Awfbq Av‡qvRb Ki“b| ejyb †h, GKwU‡Z Awfb‡qi Rb¨ _vK‡e 7
R‡bi wUg| Ab¨wU‡Z _vK‡e 9 R‡bi wUg|

62. 62
12. f~wgKv Awfb‡qi Rb¨ 16 Rb wPwnèZ Ki“b | Zv‡`i‡K 2 wU‡g fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K wUg‡K
Awfb‡qi welq †jLv KvMR mieivn Ki“b| e‡j w`b †h, cÖ¯‘wZi R‡b¨ mgq _vK‡e 10 wgwbU
| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K wUg 10 wgwbU mgq cv‡e Awfb‡qi R‡b¨|
cÖ_g f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq
¯^vaxbZv w`em Dcj‡¶ Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| ¯’vbxq GKwU
GbwRI Zv‡`i e‡j‡Q GR‡b¨ Zviv 5 nvRvi UvKv LiP Ki‡Z cvi‡e| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx AvB‡Ug
_vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_ ‡K n‡eb, μxov Abyôvb
cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e-Gme wel‡q cwiKíbv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q H GbwRI| Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ-Gi
7Rb wkï †bZv cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb|
wØZxq f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq
¯^vaxbZv w`em Dcj‡¶ RvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vj‡q μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶
GR‡b¨ 5000 UvKv eivÏ K‡i‡Q| we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K, μxov wk¶K Avi mnKvix cÖavb wk¶K
6 Rb Qv‡Îi m‡½ GR‡b¨ cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb| mfvq wVK Kiv n‡e-| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx
AvB‡Ug _vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †`Iqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_ ‡K n‡eb, μxov Abyôvb
cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e, mn‡hvwMZvq _vK‡e Kviv BZ¨vw`|
13. cÖ¯‘wZ †kl n‡j cÖ_‡g Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ wUg I c‡i ÒRvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vjq wUgÓ‡K
f~wgKv Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb|
14. 2 wU Awfbq †kl n‡j mevB‡K hvi hvi Avmb MÖnY Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cÖ_‡g 2 wUg‡K I
c‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K Abyf~wZ Rvbv‡Z ejyb|
15. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 4 wU †QvU`‡j fvM Ki“b| ‡QvU`‡j Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ I ÒRvMiYx
D”Pwe`¨vjq wUgÓ-Gi Awfb‡q wkïi AskMÖnY ai‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb| Awfb‡qi
fv‡jv-g›` wePvi bq, wkïi AskMÖnY ‡Kvb As‡k ‡Kgb wQj Zv wb‡Pi QK Abymv‡i mvwR‡q wjL‡Z
ejyb| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|

63. 63
wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK w`K
jvjm~h© wkï K¬ve wUg RvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vjq wUg
16. Gevi `jxq Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
17.cÖkœ ivLyb: G `yB Awfbq As‡ki g‡a¨ wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi †Kvb cwi‡ek ev aibwU Avgiv
cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡ev? cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K Zvi gZvgZ †R‡b wbb|
18. ejyb †h, wkïiv hLb wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ gZvgZ wewbgq K‡i, ZLb _v‡K ¯^vaxb, eo‡`i
mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z †M‡j wØavMÖ¯— n‡q c‡o| ‡Kb Ggb nq? eo‡`i mvg‡b wkï‡`i gZvgZ
cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î weivRgvb cÖavb mgm¨v¸wj Kx?
cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Aš—Z: 2wU mgm¨v wPwnèZ Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Zv 2 wU c„_K Kv‡W© wjL‡Z
ejyb|
19| †jLv †kl n‡j KvW©¸wj msMÖn Ki“b Ges †mMywj †ev‡W© cÖ`k©‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki“b|
20| `yBRb fjvw›Uqvi AskMÖnYKvixi‡K KvW©¸wj c‡o ‡kvbv‡Z ejyb| Kv‡W© †jLv †Kv‡bv
wel‡q cÖkœ DÌvwcZ n‡j AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ Reve w`‡Z †Póv Ki“b|
21| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

64. 64

65. 65
Awa‡ekb 10
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ 2
D‡Ïk¨: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY-
- wkïi gZvgZ cÖKvk K_vwUi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
- wkï‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi wewfbœ ‡¶Î wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
- wkï‡`i AskMÖnY e„wׇZ eq¯‹‡`i mn‡hvMx f~wgKv wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, †QvU`j, cÖ`k©b,Abykxjb,
cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx:
- †nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, KvW©, gvK©vi,
- †cv÷vi †ccvi/ d¬xcPvU©, d¬xcPvU© †evW©, gvK©vi †cb;
- e¨w³MZ Abykxjb kxU- 9.1: wkï‡`i AskMÖnY- Gi aiY;
- UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU: Òwkïi gZvg¥Z I cÖKvkÓQK, Òwkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPbÓ Abykxjb
cÎ,wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi wewfb †¶‡Îi bvg †jLv KvW©,
cÖwμqv t
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb|
2. ejyb †h, Av‡Mi Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkïi AskMÖnY wel‡q aviYv jvf K‡iwQ| GB Awa‡ek‡b
wkïi gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki welqwU Av‡iv we¯—vwiZ Rvb‡ev|
3. †ev‡W© Òwkïi gZvgZ cÖKvkÓ K_vwU wjLyb| ejyb †h, Òwkïi gZvgZÓI ÒcÖKvkÓGB `yB
As‡k fvM K‡i Avgiv Òwkïi gZvgZ cÖKvkÓ K_vwUi A_© Luy‡R †ei Ki‡ev|
4. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ 1 wU K‡i wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b | Kv‡W© Òwkïi gZvgZÓ
K_vwUi gv‡b Kx Zv wjL‡Z ejyb|
5. KvW© †jLv †kl n‡j †m¸wj msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©i GKw`‡K AvU‡K w`b | KvW©¸wji
Ic‡i wjLyb Òwkïi gZvgZÓ K_vwU|

66. 66
6. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ cybivq 1 wU K‡i wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b | Kv‡W© ÒcÖKvkÓ K_vwUi
gv‡b Kx Zv wjL‡Z ejyb| KvW© †jLv †kl n‡j †m¸wj msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©i Ab¨cv‡k
AvU‡K w`b | KvW©¸wji Ic‡i wjLyb ÒcÖKvkÓ K_vwU|
7. `yBRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avnevb Ki“b Kv‡W© †jLv aviYv-c‡q›U¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡bvi Rb¨|
8. Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkïi gZvgZ I cÖKvk QKwU Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|
wkïi gZvgZ cÖKvk
GKvš— wbR¯^ gZ Ges A-gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖKvk
wb‡Ri gZ wnmv‡e A‡b¨i gZ bq ¯úófv‡e cÖKvk
wb‡Ri /wb‡R‡`i fv‡jv-g‡›`i mv‡_ RwoZ
wel‡q gZ I A-gZ
AvswkK bq, c~Y© cÖKvk
Kv‡iv †kLv‡bv K_v bq wbf©q, wØavgy³-ms‡KvPnxb,Su~wKgy³ cÖKvk
cÖ‡ivwPZ/Pvcv‡bv K_v bq h‡`i Kv‡Q/mvg‡b gZvgZ cÖKvk Kiv n‡”Q
Zv‡`i cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bc~e©K cÖKvk
gZcÖKvk, A-gZ cÖKvk,
hyw³ cÖ`k©b, weZK© Kiv
mZ¨ fvlY,Z_¨ †Mvcb bv Kiv
9. ejyb †h, gZvgZ cÖKv‡k wkï _vK‡e ¯^vaxb | wb‡Ri gZ ¯^vaxbfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡e wkï |
Kv‡iv wkwL‡q †`Iqv ev ˆZwi Kiv Kv‡iv gZvgZ bq| gZwU n‡e wkïi wb‡Ri|
Av‡iv ejyb †h, RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡` Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡gI wkï
gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cvi‡e| wkïi cÖwZwbwa †K n‡e - G welqwU wb‡q Avgiv K_v ej‡ev
GLb|

67. 67
10. wkï ev wkky‡`i cÖwZwbwa †K n‡e ? wkï bv eq¯‹ †KD? K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ MÖnY Ki“b|
11. †Rvov `j MVb Ki“b Ges †Kvb& †¶‡Î wkïi cÖwZwbwa wkï n‡e Avi †Kvb †¶‡Î wkïi
cÖwZwbwa eq¯‹ †KD n‡e- Zv †Rvov`‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wVK Ki‡Z ejyb| GRb¨ 3 wgwbU mgq
w`b| wZb wgwbU ci †Rvov `‡ji gZvgZ ïbyb|
12. ejyb †h, GKRb wkïi cÖwZwbwa Av‡iKRb wkï n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ we‡kl
†¶‡Î eq¯‹ †KD Zvi cÖwZwbwa n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ w`‡K GK`j wkïi cÖwZwbwa GKRb ev GKw`K
wkï n‡Z cv‡i| G wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ wbb|
13. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ Òwkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPbÓ kxl©K Abykxjb cÎ wU wewj Ki“b|
Abykxjb cÎ
mZ¨ Kx wg_¨v Wvb cv‡k wjLyb|
wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb
1. wkï/wkïivB Zvi/Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡e|
2. ‡Kvb& (†Kvb& †Kvb&) wkï‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡e Zv Zv‡`i wbR¯^ e¨envi
3. Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i bvwK †Mvcb †fv‡U wbe©vPb Ki‡e- GwUI wVK Ki‡e wkïivB
4. ‡Kvb& †Kvb& †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ cÖwZwbwa wVK Ki‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡e wkïiv|
5. GKB wkï GKvwaKevi wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cvi‡e Kx cvi‡e bv- Zv wVK Ki‡e wkïiv|
wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb: eo‡`i `vwqZ¡
1. wkïiv hw` wb‡Riv wb‡R‡`i cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z m¶g e‡j g‡b K‡i Z‡e
†mLv‡b eo‡`i mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|
2. Zv‡`I cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` weev‡` Rwo‡q c‡o Z‡e eoiv Zv
cÖwZ‡iv‡a/wgUv‡Z mnvqZv w`‡eb|
3. wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b †Kv‡bv cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡eb bv eoiv|

68. 68
4. cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b mgm¨v m„wó n‡j, wkïiv hw` eo‡`i mvnvh¨ Pvq, Z‡eB eoiv
mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evov‡eb |
5. wkï‡`i wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Avcbvi Kv‡Q †hvM¨ g‡b bv n‡jI Avcbvi Kivi wKQ~
†bB| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi ØvwqZ¡ n‡e H cÖwZwbwai Ávb, `¶Zv evov‡bv|
6. wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M cÖv_©xZv-†hvM¨Zv Kx n‡e Zv wVK Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡`i civgk©
w`‡eb|
7. wkïi c~Y© m¤§wZ Qvov eoiv wb‡R †KD Zvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
8. Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AwffveK ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv ‡Kv‡bv wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡
Ki‡Z n‡j †m wel‡q wkï‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges wkïi K_v ïb‡Z n‡e|
9. eo †KD wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡j wkï ev wkïiv wK e‡j‡Q Zv wkïi Revbx‡Z
ej‡Z n‡e|
10. K_v ejvi mgq hw` Abyev`‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e wbe©vwPZ Abyev`K wkïi
Revbx‡Z K_v ej‡eb| wkï Kx e‡j‡Q †Kej ZvB ej‡eb, Abyev`‡Ki Kv‡Q Kx g‡b
n‡q‡Q Zv ejvi `iKvi †bB|
14. cuvP wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ Abykxjb KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z ejyb|
15. Abykxjb cÎwU Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †ev‡W© cÖ`wk©Z ivLyb Ges GKwU GKwU wel‡q †K
wK wj‡L‡Qb †R‡b wbb| DËi `yB ai‡bi n‡j ‡m wel‡q ¯^c¶hyw³ w`‡Z ejyb| weZK©
Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g GKgZ n‡Z ejyb| me KwU c‡q‡›Ui DËi †PK Kivi ci ejyb †h, Avgiv
meMywj c‡q›U mwVK g‡b Kwi|
16. ‡ev‡W© cÖ`wk©Z c‡q›U¸wji cÖwZ mevB‡K Av‡iv GKevi j¶¨ Ki‡Z ejyb| ZvwjKvwU eo Kivi
Rb¨ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K wKQz bZzb c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b|

69. 69
17. Gici ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv
wPwnèZ Ki‡ev|
18. wkï‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi †¶Î mg~n †jLv KvW©¸wj Avcbvi mvg‡b ivLyb Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GwM‡q
G‡m GKwU K‡i KvW© wb‡q †h‡Z ejyb|
KvW©
wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−󇶇ΠI eo‡`i fywgKv Kx n‡e?
 bxwZgvjv ˆZwi‡Z (RvZxq)
 cwiev‡i
 cvjK/AwfveKZ¡-MÖn‡Yi †ejvq
 we`¨vj‡q
 wkïkª‡g wb‡qvM †`Iqvi †¶‡Î
 Qq gv‡mi wkï‡K wLPzwo LvIqv‡bvi mgq
 evwoN‡ii KvR e¨e¯’vcbvq
 cvK© ˆZwi mgq
 wkï‡`i msMVb ˆZwi‡Z
 GbwRI Kg©m~wP‡Z
 ‡Ljva~jv Av‡qvR‡b
 M‡elYvq
 GW‡fv‡Kmx Kv‡R
 ivR‰bwZK `‡ji Kv‡R
 MYgva¨‡g
 ag©xq Kv‡R
 cwi‡ek i¶vg~jK Kv‡R
 ÎvY wkwei e¨e¯’vcbvq
 e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi †¶‡Î
 QvÎvevm, GwZgLvbv, wkï‡K›`ª cwiPvjbvq
 wkï msMV‡b
 ‡hŠb wbh©vZb †_‡K wb‡R‡`i i¶v Ki‡Z
 evj¨we‡q †iv‡a

70. 70
19. KvW© †bIqv †kl n‡j Gme †¶‡Î wkïiv Kxfv‡e Ask MÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−ó ‡¶‡Î eo‡`i
fywgKv Kx n‡e cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 2 wgwbUKvj Zv wPš—v Ki‡Z ejyb|
20. 2 wgwbU ci cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Ò‡h hv †f‡e †c‡q‡QbÕ Zv Rvbv‡Z ejyb| Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv K_v e¨vL¨
`vwe Ki‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|
21. mevi K_v Rvbv †kl n‡j ejyb †h, Avgiv †`L‡Z †cjvg cwievi †_‡K RvZxq ch©v‡q wkïiv
wm×vš—MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
22. Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Ab¨Zg bxwZgvjv wnmv‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv msMVb
AskMÖnY K_vwUi e`‡j AskMÖnY I ¶gZvqb K_vwU e‡j _v‡K|wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Y
AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wkïi ¶gZvqb AZ¨vek¨K| Avi ¶gZvqb ej‡Z Avgiv wkïi Ávb I
`¶Zve„w× eyS‡ev|
23. ejyb †h, cwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y wkïi AskMÖnY gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wkïi ¶gZvqb
‡hgb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †ZgbB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© n‡”Q wkïi AskMÖnY-Gi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek ˆZwi|
24. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z&¨K `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ KvRwU Ki‡Z ejyb|
 cwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y wkïi AskMÖnY gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wkïi ¶gZvqb cÖ‡qvRb |
Kxfv‡e Zv Kiv hv‡e?
 wkïi AskMÖnY-Gi Rb¨ mnvqK cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv hv‡e Kxfv‡e?
`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
25. Gevi `jxq Kv‡Ri djvdj Dc¯’vcb Kivi e¨e¯’v wbb|
26. mKj‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

71. 71
Awa‡ekb 11
wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY:Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ
D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv
- Revew`wnZvi msÁv wbaviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ †K Kvi Kv‡Q Revew`wn PvB‡e, †K Kvi K‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡e Zv
wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv e¨e¯’vi djcÖmy w`Kmg~n wPwnèèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
- wbR wbR msMV‡bi Rb¨ Revew`wnZv e¨e¯’vi MvBW jvBb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU
c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b,‡Rvov`j,†QvU`j
DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMªx t
wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ evK¨-Gi w¯−c, wd¬cmxU I gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i,†evW©, kxl©K ¯−vBW:
ÒRevew`wnZvÓ, Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv e¨e¯’vi djcÖmy w`KÓ, ÒRevew`wn e¨e¯’v
Ki‡Yi DcvqÓ, ÒRevew`wnZv e¨e¯’vKi‡YiÓ †iLvwPÎ (AvDU jvBb)
cÖwμqv t
1| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ¯^vMZ Rvbvb Ges Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki“b|
2| Revew`wnZv ej‡Z wK eySvq ? G wel‡q cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi aviYv msMÖn Ki“b Ges †ev‡W©
wjLyb|
3| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Revew`wnZvi msÁv cÖ`k©b Ki“b|
Revew`wnZv
Revew`wnZv Ggb GKwU e¨e¯’v ‡h e¨e¯’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx Ges mswk−ó wel‡q hy³ e¨w³/e¨w³eM©
`vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³ ev e¨w³eM©‡K Zvi/Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ cvjb m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges `vwqZ¡cÖvß
e¨w³ H cÖ‡kœi Reve w`‡Z eva¨ _v‡Kb|
Revew`wnZv e¨e¯’vq cÖavbZ: 2 wU c¶ _v‡K|