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SGML and XMLSGML and XML
Richard Sapon-White
Introduction to Metadata
May 13, 2013
SGMLSGML
Standardized General Markup Language, a
metalanguage
DTD (Document Type Definition) –
identifies the scheme used to define tags
and the rules for using them
DTDs: EAD, HTML, DTD for MARC21
2
SGML (cont.)SGML (cont.)
Uses start and end tags; attribute names
and values
Elements may include text, text +
attribute, attribute
Elements (wrappers) may include other
elements (subelements)
3
SGML Advantages and DisadvantagesSGML Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
◦ Element names can be mnemonic, e.g. EAD
element <titleproper> (compare with 245 $a)
◦ Hierarchical: can inherit data encoded at
higher levels
Disadvantage
◦ Difficult for programs to process; software
applications are complex
4
XMLXML
Type of SGML with fewer features and
options, for example:
◦ End tags must be used
◦ Attribute values always in quotation marks
Easier to process
◦ Tags are case-sensitive
◦ Attributes may contain UNICODE characters
5
Examples: LC DTD for MARC21Examples: LC DTD for MARC21
<mrcb245 i1=0 i2=4><mrcb245-a>The
health of dairy cattle /<mrcb245-c>edited
by Anthony H. Andrews. [SGML]
<mrcb245 i1=“0” i2=“4”><mrcb245-
a>The health of dairy cattle/</mrcb245-
a><mrcb245-c>edited by Anthony H.
Andrews.</mrcb245-c></mrcb245>
[XML]
6
XML DevelopmentXML Development
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
actively developing XML
XML linking language, query language,
stylesheet language, etc.
XML Schema are an alternative to DTDs
LC has developed MARCXML, an XML
Schema for MARC21 records
7
XML: TodayXML: Today
The language of the Web
Web browsers and other applications
support XML-encoded documents
8

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Sgml and xml

  • 1. SGML and XMLSGML and XML Richard Sapon-White Introduction to Metadata May 13, 2013
  • 2. SGMLSGML Standardized General Markup Language, a metalanguage DTD (Document Type Definition) – identifies the scheme used to define tags and the rules for using them DTDs: EAD, HTML, DTD for MARC21 2
  • 3. SGML (cont.)SGML (cont.) Uses start and end tags; attribute names and values Elements may include text, text + attribute, attribute Elements (wrappers) may include other elements (subelements) 3
  • 4. SGML Advantages and DisadvantagesSGML Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages ◦ Element names can be mnemonic, e.g. EAD element <titleproper> (compare with 245 $a) ◦ Hierarchical: can inherit data encoded at higher levels Disadvantage ◦ Difficult for programs to process; software applications are complex 4
  • 5. XMLXML Type of SGML with fewer features and options, for example: ◦ End tags must be used ◦ Attribute values always in quotation marks Easier to process ◦ Tags are case-sensitive ◦ Attributes may contain UNICODE characters 5
  • 6. Examples: LC DTD for MARC21Examples: LC DTD for MARC21 <mrcb245 i1=0 i2=4><mrcb245-a>The health of dairy cattle /<mrcb245-c>edited by Anthony H. Andrews. [SGML] <mrcb245 i1=“0” i2=“4”><mrcb245- a>The health of dairy cattle/</mrcb245- a><mrcb245-c>edited by Anthony H. Andrews.</mrcb245-c></mrcb245> [XML] 6
  • 7. XML DevelopmentXML Development World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) actively developing XML XML linking language, query language, stylesheet language, etc. XML Schema are an alternative to DTDs LC has developed MARCXML, an XML Schema for MARC21 records 7
  • 8. XML: TodayXML: Today The language of the Web Web browsers and other applications support XML-encoded documents 8

Editor's Notes

  1. SGML describes the syntax for encoding documents, but not specific tags.