This document discusses holistic treatment for substance abuse. It provides an overview of the history and models of addiction treatment, including the moral, disease, and multi-causal models. Holistic treatment aims to address addiction in all aspects of a person's life through counseling, education, medical care, and lifestyle changes. The Veterans Administration uses holistic treatment including tai chi, yoga, and art/music therapy. Research on holistic treatment models like those used by the VA could help expand treatment options for co-occurring disorders.

1. An Examination of Holistic Treatment for Substance Abuse Literature Review Presentation Robert Jensen Argosy University, Seattle

2. Introduction As understanding of addictive disorders shifted from moral weakness to medical condition, and again to a disease that affects all aspects of the addict and their loved ones lives treatment styles have also shifted. In today’s addiction treatment field professionals have learned the importance of approaching recovery in all aspects of the addicts life and relationships. It is from this understanding that holistic treatment first began to grow.

3. Why is this important? It is important to understand the current state of the addiction treatment field, its history, and the direction it is headed. Gaining an understanding of models of addiction gives us an appreciation for this disorder. As research progresses in the field holistic treatment models become more relevant. Understanding the current state of those models gives us a good foundation of how to improve treatment. Improving treatment allows us to give the client the best opportunity to enter and continue with recovery.

4. What is Addiction Narcotics Anonymous describes addiction in their basic text as “a physical, mental, and spiritual disease that affects every area of our lives” (p. 20). “complete spiritual, mental, and emotional bankruptcy” (p. 7). In the DSM-IV-TR addiction is described as “a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite significant substance related problems” (p. 192) What addiction is to you depends on the model you use to approach understanding it.

5. Three of the models of addiction Moral Model Disease Model Multi – Causal Taken from Capuzzi and Stauffer

6. Addictions are not limited to alcohol or other substances. There is a classification of process addiction which includes activities that become an addiction in themselves with the same symptoms. Process addictions can include anything from running to other forms of exercise, gambling, shopping, or even sex. There is still a lot of debate surrounding process addictions among professionals, especially when it comes to sex. The important thing to remember in those cases is that it would not be considered an addiction until it becomes an obsession that overrules everything else in the life of the addict. Taken from Capuzzi and Stauffer

7. Addiction is a family disease that touches the lives of everyone involved with the addict. Children, spouses, siblings, parents, and even close friends can be just as hurt by a loved ones addiction. Child and spousal abuse and neglect are common occurrences in homes touched by addiction.

9. Then came Dual-Diagnosis

10. Shift to co-occurring in recognition of the number of conditions usually found in this population.Taken from G. Woody

11. What makes a successful treatment program? Duration of program The longer the program the more successful the client is Access to multiple services Access to medical, dental, and other types of services outside of counseling have increase success ratios. Exposure to material The more frequently the client is exposed to the material in some form the higher the success rates have been. Motivation The ability of a treatment program to increase internal motivation, and internalize the external motivation is important to treatment retention and success. (Connor, Longshore, & Anglin, 2009) Taken from Walker

12. What is Holistic Treatment Holistic treatment encourages growth through self-exploration and appropriate expression of feelings, recognition of different emotional states, and learning more adaptive ways to soothe and comfort the mind, body, and spirit. (Breslin, Reed, & Malone, 2003, p. 247) These holistic treatment models combine counseling, psycho-education, medical care, healthy lifestyle education and promotion, and social and environmental development.

14. Yoga

15. Meditation

16. Leisure and life activity skills training

17. Stress reduction techniques

18. Nutrition education

19. Individualized treatment plans

20. Specialized groups

21. Vocational rehabilitation

22. Dance /movement therapy

23. Art therapyTaken from Breslin, Reed, & Malone

25. Conclusions New research should be done into research into models of treatment that are similar to those used at the VAMHCS. There should also be research in combining treatment with existential therapy as suggested by Rogers and Cobia(2008) in lieu of AA and NA, or perhaps in addition to those meetings.

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28. Anonymous (1982). Narcotics anonymous, sixth edition. Narcotics Anonymous World Services, Inc: Chatsworth, California.

29. Breslin, K, Reed, M, Malone, S. (2003). An holistic approach to substance abuse treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol. 35(2), 247. doi:386762221

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32. Gorski, T., and Miller, M. (1986). Staying sober a guide for relapse prevention. Herald House/Independence Press: Independence, MO.

33. Rogers, M, Cobia, D (2008). An existential approach: an alternative to the AA model of recovery. The Alabama Counseling Association Journal, Vol. 34(1), pp 59-77. Retrieved from EBSCOHost database.

34. Walker, M (2009). Program characteristics and the length of time clients are in substance abuse Treatment. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, Vol. 36(3), pp. 330-345. Retrieved from EBSCOHost database.

35. Woody, G. (1996). The challenge of dual diagnosis. Alcohol Health and Research World, Vol. 20(2), pp. 76-80. Retrieved from ProQuest database.