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Computer Networks: from ARPANET to the modern battlefield
- 2. Agenda Three things: The Internet 2 One of the most important human inventions Wheel (3500 BC) (1960s) Transistor (1947) Microprocessor (1971) Airplane (1903) Nuclear fission (1939) Electricity (late 19th) Most of them also used/created for military purposes… THE Computer Network: network of networks Remember!<you>
- 3. Agenda Presentation title Three things: Agenda 3 SOA 13 years (2003) ARPANET 47 years (1969) TCP/IP ~42 years (1974) OSPF 27 years (1989) Nonlinear path from the origin to modern tactical networks PDP-10 Mobile Devices TSITactical Service Infrastructure OLSRv2 1 year (2014) <you> Cross-layer model 3 months (2016)
- 4. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: The references Where wizards stay up late The Origins of the Internet 4 How? Why? Who? Where? Computer Networking A top-down approach <you> TSITactical Service Infrastructure *
- 5. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: ARPANET RFCs Request For Comments Developing hardware + software for packet switching 5 Advanced Research Projects Agency Network Data Link <Network Interface> Network Transport Application (1960s) Telephone lines Circuit switching <you> TCP/IP Stack of protocols PDP-10 Host DDP-516 Interface Message Processor <No mobility + security at the design>
- 6. In Short Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd TSI Tactical Service Infrastructure 6 <you> <Mobile device> Data Link <Network Interface> Transport Application Controller Service Mediator Message Handler Packet Handler TSI Node Southbound Interface Northbound Interface 1 2 3 Cross-layer 4 Service(s)Information System(s) Network1 32 + TCP/IP
- 7. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: TCP/IP 7 Communication Layers Data Link <Network Interface> Network IPv4-6 Transport TCP, UDP Application HTTP, SMTP (RFC 1122, 1989) <you> You are handling two flows: sound and image. Nodes at the battlefield need to handle disruption/delay. Services: Blueforce tracking Event reports TSI Provider Clients <Radio(s)> <Voice> <Projector> <Eyes> <Ears> Multicast Publish /Subscribe Multicast Publish /Subscribe Error correction Congestion control <you running> <slides + ideas> <Disruption> <ideas>
- 8. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: The tactical network 8 Connectivity scenario ARPANET + Tactical network <you> Data Link <Network Interface> Network IPv4-6 Transport TCP, UDP Application HTTP, SMTP Services TSI <Radio(s)> The mobile nodes: Node A <Dismounted> UHF WLAN Node C <Mobile> VHFUHFWLAN SatCom HQ Node D <Deployed> SatComVHF UHFWLAN Node B <Relay> SatComVHF HQ Custom Mobile WLAN, UHF Dismounted VHF VHF, SatCom UHF, VHF, SatCom WLAN, UHF, VHF WLANUHF, VHF, SatCom Connectivity graph SatComVHF UHFWLAN <Disruption> Disruption/Delaty Tolerant Network (DTN)
- 9. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: What is service? 9 Wraped up logical process even carrying its semantics and requirements. <you> * What if we try a different service? <IP phone> <Voice> <Ears> TCP/IP Stack of protocols Orchestration of services? <Online payment> <Authentication, check funds and withdraw> <Online stores>
- 10. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: The power source 10 We all share the same source of power <Massive amount of energy> Remember! <Mobile devices> <Sun> <Humans> <meat> <apple> <milk> <plant> <cattle> <Physics, Mathematics, Engineering and etc> <you> <Hydro power> <Human-created universe> Science and Technology 149,600,000 km <Earth> <moon> *
- 11. In Short Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd TSI Tactical Service Infrastructure 11 <you> Mission #1: local/distributed Services Mission #2: Core Services Mission #3: handle stable + unstable network conditions <Mobile device> Controller Service Mediator Message Handler Packet Handler TSI Node Southbound Interface Northbound Interface 1 2 3 Cross-layer PEP PEP PEP 4 Service(s)Information Systems
- 12. Tactical Ground Report System Gathering context information in the battlefield Example of services from the literature12 Node C Node A Soldier localization Adversary localization Vehicle localization Live camera Aerial photos Node B J. Evans, B. Ewy, M. Swink, S. Pennington, D. Siquieros, and S. Earp, “TIGR: the tactical ground reporting system,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 42–49, October 2013. <Aerial photos> <Blue/Red force tracking> <Live camera, compile and share> <you>
- 13. TACTICS Connectivity Scenario13 <Mobile> <Core> HQ (TN-H) Dismounted (TN-D) Mobile (TN-M) Custom (TN-C) Company Brigade Squads Platoon1 MEDEVAC Communication patterns: Mobility: Convoy RSTA Combat, … a) From Core to All Non-critical If possible b) From Core to All Immediate threat Reliable, 15s when pushed c) From Mobile to Core Blue Force Tracking Reliable, 60s when requested Quality of Service (QoS): Integral (complete/error-free) Reliable (confirmed) If possible (no guarantees) <you> RSTA: Reconnaissance, Surveillance and Target Acquisition
- 14. In Short TSI Tactical Service Infrastructure 14 <you> Connectivity states: i At two or more nodes, V = {TN-x1, TN-x2,..., TN-xn} i o TN-D1 O1 O2o i Odistributed (V,E,D) TN-x2 oOni TN-Coren ... i = {i1, i2, i3} o = {o1, o2, o3}Southbound interfaces reliable, 10 secs when pushed Dismounted i reliable, 30 secs when pushed Deployed Immediate threat Distributed service orchestrations <Mobile> <Core> ={ }S1 S2 Sn ... O1 How routing is done? s2 s3 Established DTN Unstable Stable <Stable> Good connectivity Poor connectivity
- 15. Agenda yyyy-mm-dd Three things: Routing 15 Humans <son> <you> <mom> <train> <buss> <buffer> <airplane> <timetable> Internet <Gjøvik> <Rio> <Sampa> IP Packets <routers> <routers> <Change once a YEAR> <Change very OFTEN> <son> <Gjøvik> <mom> <Anywhere> OSPF Open Shortest Path First BGP Border Gateway Protocol Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Metric Iface 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.19 2 eth0 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.19 2 eth0 10.1.1.4 10.1.1.19 2 eth0 10.1.1.5 10.1.1.19 2 eth0 10.1.1.6 10.1.1.19 2 eth0
- 16. Agenda Three things: Link State Routing 16 Computing the metrics OLSRv2 (2014) Optimized Link State Routing Protocol OSPF (1989) Open Shortest Path First 𝐸𝑇𝑇 = 1 𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑛𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝐴𝑇 = 1 𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 <you> 𝐸𝑇𝑋 = 1 𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑛𝑙𝑞 Expected Transmission Count (ETX) Direction Airtime (DAT) Expected Transmission Time (ETT) Data Link Network OLSR <Radio> Handheld <Dismounted> Laptop <Mobile> Data Link Network OLSR <Radio> 𝑙𝑞 𝑙𝑞 𝑛𝑙𝑞 𝑛𝑙𝑞 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 108 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑙𝑞 (𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦) 𝑛𝑙𝑞 (𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑏𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦) 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 How to handle disruptions?
- 17. Example of orchestration TODO: work on that paper diagram… State of the art review yyyy-mm-ddPresentation title Neighbor discovery Data Transmit Neighbors? Messages? Receiving/Sending? 17 DTN handling in the literature No No No Yes Yes Yes Store/Forward 1 2 1 Controller Service Mediator Message Handler Packet Handler1 2 3 4 PEP PEP PEP 4 4 4 Disruption/Delay Tolerant Networks 3 3 SatComVHF UHFWLAN Good connectivity Poor connectivity The task is do it using the Core Services… Tactical Service Infrastructure (TSI) 2 * <your brain> <mobile device>
- 18. State of the art at TSI18 Dynamic view Service Sn i3i2i1 o1o2o3 In Out TSI TSICross-layer calls rorin Cross-layer calls 1 Packet handler 2 Message handler 3 Service mediator r Radio {WLAN, UHF, VHF, SatCom} Neighbor discovery Data Transmit Store/Forward 1 1 3 2 3 2 <you> 01 02 03 04 C2,1 = Labelling; C2,2 = Cryptography; label = C2,1:i2.readLabel(); C2,1:o2.createLabel(); C2,1:o2.update(label) /* Constructors */ C2,1:i2.readLabel(){C2,2:i2.decryptLabel()} C2,1:o2.createLabel(){C2,2:o2.encryptLabel()} update{ o2.decryptLabel(), o2.encryptLabel()} i2 .readLabel() .decryptLabel() <message handler>
- 19. In Short Presentation title TSI Tactical Service Infrastructure 19 <you> Routing Service Packet Handling Service 1 Proxy Service Message Queue Service 3 Message Transport Messaging Service 2 QoS Handler Policy Management Security Handler 4 TSI Node Southbound Interface Northbound Interface Cross-layer Service(s)Information Systems ri i3 i2 i1 o1 o2 o3 ro C11 C12 C1x ... C21 C22 C2x ... C31 C32 C3x ... * * * Core Services
- 20. Agenda Presentation title Three things: 20 <you> s1 s2 s3 Disconnected Established DTN Unstable Stable EMCON EMCON The model <you running><you standing> <you @toilet> Disconnected Established DTN 3 States + 3 Actions Mobile Devices Emission Control (EMCON) When you are close to an adversary States = {Disconnected, Established and DTN} Actions = {Stable, Unstable}
- 21. State of the art review21 Connectivity Mobility Resources Requirements Network setup: Fully connected Fragmented Opportunistic Mobility pattern Bandwidth Storage capacity Power consumption QoS Priority, reliability, sensitivity Node A <Dismounted> UHF WLAN <you> Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Metric 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.19 2 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.19 2 10.1.1.4 10.1.1.19 2 10.1.1.5 10.1.1.19 2 10.1.1.6 10.1.1.19 2 a) From Core to All Non-critical If possible b) From Core to All Immediate threat Reliable, 15s pushed Solutions in the literature are based on availability of: Controller Service Mediator Message Handler Packet Handler1 2 3 4 PEP PEP PEP Tactical Service Infrastructure (TSI) Group 02 Group 01 Group 03 1 2 31 1 1 2
- 22. Mobility metrics22 Spatial dependence Temporal dependence Link changes Link duration Path availability 𝐷 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) = 𝑅𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡)) * 𝑆𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡)) 𝐷𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡′) = 𝑅𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡′)) * 𝑆𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡′)) 𝐿𝐷(𝑖, 𝑗) = 𝑡=1 𝑇 𝑋(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) 𝐿𝐶(𝑖, 𝑗) 𝐿𝐶 𝑖, 𝑗 = 𝑡=1 𝑇 𝐶(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) 𝑃𝐴(𝑖, 𝑗) = 𝑡=𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑇 𝐴(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) 𝑇 − 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡(𝑖, 𝑗) RD: Relative Direction SR: Speed Ratio 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡) Timeline Handheld <Dismounted> Laptop <Mobile>t <Now> t' <Future> <Multi-hop> <Links> <you> <Localization> <Time>
- 23. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: Hypothesis 23 A feasible guess? <you> 𝐸𝑇𝑇 = 1 𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑛𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝐴𝑇 = 1 𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑇𝑋 = 1 𝑙𝑞 ∗ 𝑛𝑙𝑞 Expected Transmission Count (ETX) Direction Airtime (DAT) Expected Transmission Time (ETT) <Radio(s)> <Localization> Path availability 𝑃𝐴(𝑖, 𝑗) = 𝑡=𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑇 𝐴(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) 𝑇 − 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡(𝑖, 𝑗) Link changes Link duration 𝐿𝐷(𝑖, 𝑗) = 𝑡=1 𝑇 𝑋(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) 𝐿𝐶(𝑖, 𝑗) 𝐿𝐶 𝑖, 𝑗 = 𝑡=1 𝑇 𝐶(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) <Time> s1 s2 s3 Disconnected Established DTN Unstable Stable EMCON EMCON We started with the hypothesis that the stable and unstable actions can be defined based on the metrics above. The system has 3 states and 3 actions: Spatial dependence Temporal dependence 𝐷 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡) = 𝑅𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡)) * 𝑆𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡)) 𝐷𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙(𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑡′) = 𝑅𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡′)) * 𝑆𝐷( 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 , 𝑣 𝑗(𝑡′)) Random, Group and Grid <three mobility patterns> OLSRv2 <one metric>
- 24. Simulation results yyyy-mm-ddPresentation title 24 Random Group Group 01 Group 02 Group 03Group 02 Group 01 Group 03 Data overhead OLSRv2 (18 nodes) Adding nodes (18 to 42 nodes) Group 01 Grid (convoy) <you> Mobility patterns: <unstable> Worst case <stable> Best case <Group> In between
- 25. In Short Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd TSI Tactical Service Infrastructure 25 <you> Mission #1: local/distributed Services Mission #2: Core Services Mission #3: handle stable + unstable network conditions Controller Service Mediator Message Handler Packet Handler TSI Node Southbound Interface Northbound Interface 1 2 3 Cross-layer PEP PEP PEP 4 Service(s)Information Systems s2 s3 Established DTN Unstable Stable
- 26. Simulation results26 Group 18(6),27(9),36(12),42(14) Group 02 Group 01 Group 03 <you> Group 18 nodes, 3 groups of 6 Link changes: 9 ±3.2 Link duration: 4 ±2.6 secs <isolated> <intermittent> DTN @Critical points A, B and C (DTN) Intermittent routes between 01 and 02 Path availiability: 0 min (DTN) No routes between Group 01 and 03
- 27. The decision process27 <you> Tactical DTNri i3 i2 i1 o1 o2 o3 ro S1,...,Sn Packet Handler Olocal Disruption or EMCON Cross-layer feedback In Out 1 2 3 Packet handler Message handler Service mediator 1 2 Behaviour Behaviour 01 nextHop = C1,1:o1.chooseNextHop(); 02 MEP = C3,1:i3.|o3.chooseProxy(nextHop); 03 C2,1:i2.|o2.chooseWrapper(MEP); 04 // The trigger for the decision process 05 C1,1:i1.|o1.getConnectivityContext(){ 06 if costFunction(context) then 07 { i1,2,3.|o1,2,3}.set(stable); 08 else {i1,2,3.|o1,2,3}.set(unstable);} What happens when a critical point occurs? s2 s3 Established DTN Unstable Stable Actions: <Critical point> <Path availability, link changes and link duration>
- 28. TSI should host a hybrid mechanism: Connectivity + Mobility + Resources + Requirements Conclusion28 Tactical DTNri i3 i2 i1 o1 o2 o3 ro C11 C12 C1x ... C21 C22 C2x ... C31 C32 C3x ... * * * TN-xn S1,...,Sn Olocal 1 2 3 Packet handler Message handler Service mediator * Controller r Radio o1 o2 o3 ro S1 Handheld TN-D <Dismounted> ri i3 i2 i1 Sn Client ServerIntermediary Simulated metrics + two actions ={ }S1 S2 Sn ... O1 Model for orchestrations Information Systems Core Services <you> s2 s3 Established DTN Unstable Stable
- 29. In Short Scaling the solution 29 Multi-homed devices + message exchange patterns <you> Multi-homed node SatCom VHF < 20 km < 9.6 kbps ∞ < 5 mbps UHF < 10 km < 256 kbps <Mobile> Stable Unstable Stable Unstable Stable Unstable What happens in multi-homed nodes? How to define the reward for changing protocols? The Message Exchange Patterns can be mapped to specific protocols? s1 s2 s3 Disconnected Established DTN Unstable Stable EMCON EMCON s4 s5 s6 s7 Request/Response Publish/Subscribe 𝑅 𝑠 , 𝑅 𝑠, 𝑎 , 𝑅(𝑠, 𝑎, 𝑠′)
- 30. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: M1HDi8ZKSwslVx3BooDuiPyqAMtRhPNuuiQWv+w66AthroSh7VVYyKYJUdgNzRUGR0UKCPdtkCzbdrgXfLLqPp1k1MldmaJw6MejBN5dqMIfqn4zbu0x70blYAk3/vsXYzclw9e50veFpVOmLI16W4 NfKy8dnkVh9hXFXNBER7bdonBwdXAtT1+lyXUa6VO/BMwAIp+BNZ7A1bwjBoP0GmnlcA/doDUIvMVwi53FGKpysJx/Rn/VH9KthVklEP1bgRBK1tucK/FuuQFjIdhpzQqr7MhArMRWGjq2hg4fzHB1 FK+SJpD+0Ja1oWBMuC13ZAxHhyU2va4Hsf8+DRIbq4PQgxm+1QROWVlbkcAEz+T/19hqTNlZSql0Q3jhyBCMUtZDgx71y+8GQp4q+VdOGohAtFyWRb/Io76+uRUmg/jsxf+Yx+sdws6Uwm3ILyIxv 4RDvtH5XBVNpZlbCSnCrHdDTuyjOZyEpzQbcuNSBsYbCW8oHSl8VR+VWNAJnV9S2JwARPqMbjQxn1FWkMhi6F26KHrpwY/y8d+TgQpr/K8k26auQEtJMpDHrxaMa30HdwrruzcQ8tOAOwBae VfDWBbgKxEOmnbPuPOPx4XS+x/azMX+B41hL1V45zPOms7FXJ71pza0txYWs7t/ntTOw+djE0c4qIJqyYjzclf3Z3LK8Co7LnM5szibGdbc+b54JF/XFlLsIRFJix31T0yLyEQOE1M04NCHMKBLuRoa KHPLZuB85i6LyYlcvjF7prPbvQ0sSy9c4ztHB9arY4koKWb/YJI6feLWaLgJNFo+zn9nBqbL4CmaFLiVORp/6ra1YudmDHFS7eTx2cRfFcOGmcOKQWtJKwgUaTCuvUKNFvT2ollEJnj7H8tKqEwQxB NW5L29tXCEB8Ytr5UPccK7AmV5Y8SnJ+0J0q8gtbrl28na4bUxazX2HSZN/aug5BVQGS7qtQ8Eru6RsWJGS7iZ6RXLWlWIsimKMmNSRX4veEVuZ9BUbRpCXo4LVTp6/k2BDsAtV3o4Da6NnN X5jcRHr3mQrrwhTK7/x6w8zBtlMW8W7Tj4XCC9v6Sa1feuxvX3LlXi1+Aathz8k7c18Xm6WgoVpOLy0Gel9u/hAR+OnTDgCK3pWOVFA5HmeEfYNx6rY3LC7Wxb84IY+8/5nOIEcJel9vJ3D5zQE NXC1v8H2a8vpt3MtdR4L/3Nypu5tdJlYTG363NLO9YtX3BUDPqKAgxPUe58TLRbU1viVEXMtZ3WH/OQZWh/hactj5kFwBd2jc1+q4WcDswT4xcaYJavEywChtgSFgxodVuNjaMLUP0GPaKYGXD4 88NN2NckgSxihTNzvuYD/RsKYJH8NM2G67cj1/6g1ERKRI9phberE5beBcJ5NvOoI+qRagD/z4GlYRfrvQS6Smn4kdcUv1WQXxn/D7bKc/GPCJNVipj+WOBhW7m5Ya750oqUOX8aQA88aZDYBF CX/y0wz/k9qXTL4rLGARVp6YdmPph9XJGS9piPKa+oCNsdKt/njkNL2BVn1O5e6SzzqYwEdJGzL7z0yGJ53w23kRIs0j+JI/4w6SO1L0vDSwtfHJMAYAA+4062NlCFadJ8WAmGhbkFCpTBZNwYkk xg7V0O4vi19v/nLEu6m/v9A+sZOWZcnO052t/U9WK1GCxuoiZ40IllrhVdYQe2dlRKo4Tt4yh3sQJ2exGMPQ2Fho3PQp6Hn3KwzDpPYE+77K5A8Z1OfhIAzCRIvA2SJ8e5BTRa7kBLBBohZOcvbxx BOS2CZ+xZxFMQqMAodHdnEkOruFopek9dbU3YmttU8QL+sanVLnhzUkWcE7uWxvXgkH5ZhGpJ/Ehr8CDohpY/AVy1QkCDuA0eszi/LzhYf1BK+23OasWSTHjaMhGNAOfwdDoYy0ewxOngwIgc AbYWigkZw/qvP7n6i1EiAKYpqDKg+VDKTCVynToO80qdYeskgd7ZHv2lbKDYe+A8ap9hgDE4jXorrtZbeHl2zCfCnzt+kczOE2NlT31XV/numPnm+OtKN2X2tZlbw9kjcxvmNAZVUGw7lX7z7FmHA8O 3fMLfGcQNGhwrLr8gHAro5O3o/XnBmbOtn1t7ort8A0OMOULnUyv4/6mb/ifOl5RiJpB0hvvdz7PIL2xSaAt1h4TD8IPh04KzkHGnRTHeCQX5tCoF7Nc7ceHcRP9O9gdYc/1m9/TsqAMsttfR5n+E HU0ICudSIZKySk0Kf8EHCe43H45eJcZxF9u7EpT7Gt6UwJg07T303cNRy6oZiI2msNh4bWsFV6+GWUsu0Jo99+dx/zj1/8EH8+qut2e45z3+xK9p3azo2Kh4McEnwEZiJHA9UjoUoGdwI24jslvK7 0YwH3IF7a2ip3Lbxx0raJ4TTJt1jqdk5DQhqYGY6PNWvaE10DW5JKEKv2RYsLmt2bVGLBfd23zTRJujal7LtYOrI+Vxnx+5v9R0ncY7c8NUV9XP0LusJCWxCpFrr5lgA2iGWNRWgXufih8poqFu1vR Gy1ynQASOk+HEsPtPDsZfSqB4ehHQq3SjaLRDokh0vvumzXrR2RBfsZfj4AWUZGZhDwdSeX2L6yBpKkINJDXTZv/b6pD+l645Y+IXdBga722K5Edt7H3V48GmFDIrChxoui0OMIcBp+f0mkGQ8gg c/MavB/YVRzEyPxbE4gP1xS0cwgTK4mVIsqvXcVJNAfYquE/JKIJIVJ9q2asjw9wuX99Hc9wwegKcHd10DOKpKwBe7HROlIgpEWM9KPJT8d4/YJhIIwdQNO+Jz9ZXiMmtvN0Np6UNbLajWlExe ey9AnEgbkjNot0I4wy4s/jemU8hQn6mFk8TmLfvOAx9Pp/SsydNo9b22wCDX9fs4crPi1e6 Roberto Rigolin Ferreira Lopes roberto.lopes@ntnu.no # ifdown wlan0 Computer Networks: from ARPANET to the modern battlefield 30 You cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him find it within himself. ― Galileo GalileiAlways remember, your power comes from the sun! <Disruption>
- 31. Agenda Presentation title yyyy-mm-dd Three things: Mindset behind ARPANET Computers had the potential to act as extensions of the whole human being, as tools that could amplify the range of human intelligence and expand the reach of our analytical powers. Lyon, Matthew; Hafner, Katie (1999-08-19). Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet (p. 27). Simon & Schuster. Kindle Edition 31 Licklider Gentlemen obsessed with the human brain (1960s) Shannon (1948) Turing (1936) Von Neumann (1945) <your brain>
Notas del editor
- Don't be encumbered by history. Go off and do something wonderful. ― Robert Noyce
- There are thousands of years in the past, and there is an unknown amount of time in the future. There are all kinds of opportunities, and there are all kinds of dangers. ― Richard Feynman
- Rise free from care before the dawn, and seek adventures. ― Henry David Thoreau
- Curiosity is the engine of achievement. Creativity is as important as literacy. ― Ken Robinson
- Every really new idea looks crazy at first. ― Alfred North Whitehead
- The present is the only thing that has no end. ― Erwin Schrödinger
- Don't be satisfied with stories, how things have gone with others. Unfold your own myth. ― Rumi
- Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist. ― Pablo Picasso
- Life has become immeasurably better since I have been forced to stop taking it seriously. ― Hunter S. Thompson
- We can judge our progress by the courage of our questions and the depth of our answers, our willingness to embrace what is true rather than what feels good. ― Carl Sagan
- “Begin at the beginning," the King said, very gravely, "and go on till you come to the end: then stop.” ― Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
- Don't tell people how to do things, tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results. ― George S. Patton
- I don't measure a man's success by how high he climbs but how high he bounces when he hits bottom. ― George S. Patton Jr.
- Creativity requires the courage to let go of certainties. ― Erich Fromm
- What you do speaks so loudly I cannot hear what you say. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night, and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt. ― Sun Tzu, The Art of War
- Daring ideas are like chessmen moved forward. They may be beaten, but they may start a winning game. ― Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- If you're not prepared to be wrong, you'll never come up with anything original. ― Ken Robinson
- It is not enough to be industrious; so are the ants. What are you industrious about? ― Henry David Thoreau
- Begin doing what you want to do now. We are not living in eternity. We have only this moment, sparkling like a star in our hand--and melting like a snowflake... Francis Bacon
- The true delight is in the finding out rather than in the knowing. ― Isaac Asimov “Every man is a creature of the age in which he lives and few are able to raise themselves above the ideas of the time.” ― Voltaire “Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is.” ― Isaac Asimov
- Our novice runs the risk of failure without additional traits: a strong inclination toward originality, a taste for research, and a desire to experience the incomparable gratification associated with the act of discovery itself. ― Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Advice for a Young Investigator
- He who is brave is free. ― Seneca
- The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination. ― Albert Einstein