Descriptive information on how exposure works in a camera with ISO, Shutter Speed, and Aperture

1. Skills to turn good pictures into Great Photos!

2. • UsingYour Camera
• Shooting Modes
• Camera Pre-Sets
• Fine-tuning adjustments
• Understanding Exposure
• Composition the Image
• Rules ofThirds
• Q & A
• ResourcesAvailable
Class Content

3. The exposure triangle Its COLOR photography

4. What stories can You tell? Which Stories do you keep?

5. Dramatic Impacts Limitless potential

6. Components & Trade-offs

7. • ISO | Sensitivity to light
• rating was established in “film days”
• use corresponding rating depending on available light
• values of 100, 200, 400 (now 800, 1600, 3200, etc.)
Exposure Factors
Shutter Speed | (Tv)
•Duration of the image capture
• measured in seconds (or fractions)
•1/60, 1/125, 1/320, 1/1000
Aperture | (Av)
•Size of lens opening
• Measured in focal ratio stops (f stops)
• f = focal length / entrance diameter
(f/2.8 = 200mm / 72mm)

8. • Each Camera has its own threshold
• Quality post-processing can often compensate for noise
• LIGHTINGVARIATIONS & ISO SETTING
• 100 bright Sun
• 200 bright Sun, morning / early evening, slight overcast
• 400 overcast, waning light, well-lit indoor (natural light)
• 800 indoor (non-natural) light, after sunset, before sunrise
• 1600 stadiums, arenas, theaters
• AUTO – changing lighting situations when you need to “get the shot”
ISO

10. • Each Camera has its threshold
• Quality post-processing can often compensate for noise
ISO

11. • near universal options from slow (3 seconds) to fast (1/2000 second)
• some have remote and/or manual shutter speed options.
• consider lens length for stability in longer lenses (>50mm)
• RULE: slowest speed to avoid camera shake effect = 1/lens length
•THRESHOLD SHUTTER SPEED SETTINGS
• < 1/60 tripod necessary
• 1/60 to 1/125 casual shots, portraits, stills
• 1/250 to 1/400 “slow” action (e.g. runners, children playing, gentle river, geese)
• 1/500 to 1/1000 sprinters, ball sports, fish, hawks
• >1/1000 when available, (e.g. lighting) better stop of action
• Remember stability factor
• e.g. 200mm lens needs 1/200 just to account for camera shake.
• Fast basketball action needs >1/640 to freeze passes, quick cuts, etc.
SHUTTER SPEED

12. 1/1000 1/125 1/3

13. • most efficient factor for light gathering
• influence on depth of image view
• IDEAL APERTURE SETTING FOR SITUATIONS
• f/1.8 to f/2.8 low-light situations
• f/8 to f/11 outdoor light
• f/16 > intense light
APERTURE

14. Aperture

15. Depth of FieldVisual

16. ExposureTriangle

17. ExposureTriangle

18. SIMPLIFY: 1st Remove ISO

19. Balancing Exposure
• Aperture (Av)
• Shutter Speed (Tv)
• Different combinations
can yield the same
exposure
• Trade-Offs:
• Stop Motion v. DOF

20. Exposure Setting Scenarios
Priority Setting Secondary Setting Balance Setting
Wildlife Good Depth of Field (Av) StableShutter Speed Sensitivity
Sports Very Fast Shutter Speed (Tv) High Sensitivity WideAperture (light)
Time Lapse Very slow Shutter Speed (Tv) Moderate Sensitivity wide aperture
Landscapes Low Sensitivity (ISO) slower shutter speed Moderate Aperture
Portraits Good Depth of Field (Av) StableShutter Speed Sensitivity
Still Life Good Depth of Field (Av) Stable Shutter Speed Sensitivity (& Creativity)

21. Flash Photography Uses
• Low Light
• indoor, night
• limited action application (e.g. 1/250)
• Shooting angles & the Sun
• subject facing you – if shadows exist on face
• Dramatic Lighting Difference
• Subject in shade, but bright sun in background
• Subject Emphasis
• Creative Effects
• camera spin
• NOTE: Limits Shutter Speed

22. Enough Light + Acceptable Noise = GREAT PHOTO

23. Enough Light for Motion Level + Acceptable DOF = GRATE PHOTO

24. Stopping Motion + enough light + little noise = GREAT PHOTO

26. Quick Self-Photography Lesson