1. CONNECTING CIRCUITS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VITAL STATISTICS

2. INTRODUCTION Complexity of Human Behavior Disease Intervention Alternative Solution CHANGE

3. OTTAWA CHARTER Health promotion to: Increase CONTROL (Health is a LIFE resource)

4. Structure of the Health System

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY Concern: Epidemic Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary: “Medical science treating of epidemics” New standard dictionary of English Language:” the science or doctrine of epidemics” Stedman’s Practical Medical Dictionary: “the science of epidemics and endemic diseases” The American College Dictionary: “That branch of medicine dealing with epidemic diseases.”

6. EPIDEMIOLOGY Concern: All Infectious Diseases Stallybass: “The science of infective diseases, their primary causes propagation and prevention.” Frost:”The science of the mass phenomena of infectious diseases or the natural history of infectious diseases.” Frost2: “ a science which will give, firstly, a picture of the occurrence distribution and the types of the infectious diseases of mankind, in distinct epochs of time and at various points of the earth’s surface; and secondly, will render an account of the relations of these diseases to the external surroundings of the individual and determining his manner of life.”

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY Concern: Infectious and Non Infectious Greenwood: “The study of disease, as a mass phenomenon.” Lumsden: “The study of conditions known or reasonably supposed to influence the prevalence of disease.” American Epidemiological Society: “The science which concerns itself with the natural history of disease as it is expressed in groups of persons related by some common factors of age, sex, race, location or occupation, as distinct from the development of diseases in an individual” Hilleboe: “ a science of mass phenomena of diseases and human defects; it delineates significant variations of these phenomena in time and place and draws upon statistical methods and theory, all phases of medicine, and the natural science to give true picture of the occurrence, distribution and types of diseases or defects; it weighs the importance of variations of human traits and renders an account of the causal relationships of diseases or defects to the environmental factors surrounding the individuals under observations, representatives of the group from which they are drawn.

8. EPIDEMIOLOGY Concern: Ecology of Health and Disease Maxcy: that field of medical science which is concerned with the relationships of the various factors and conditions which determine the frequency and distribution of an infectious disease, a process, or a physiologic state in a human community”

9. EPIDEMIOLOGY Three Greek word roots make up the word epidemiology -- epi, demos, and logos. Epi means upon, on or over. Demos means people or populace. And logos can mean study, word, discourse, count, tell, say, or speak. http://www.usetinc.org/Programs/USET-THPS/TribalEpiCenter/DefiningEpidemiology.aspx

10. Clinical Epidemiology is defined as the “study of groups of people to achieve the background evidence needed for clinical decisions in patient care.” (White, 1996). http://clinical-epidemiology.ph/2009_10/modules/sections/index.php?op=viewarticle&artid=2

11. EPIDEMIOLOGY Problem Solving Process Diagnostic Process Nursing Process Scientific Process Quality Improvement Cycle Public Health Intervention http://www.usetinc.org/Programs/USET-THPS/TribalEpiCenter/DefiningEpidemiology.aspx

12. EPIDEMIOLOGY CONCERNING ON: -Epidemic -All infectious Disease -Infectious and Non Infectious -Ecology of Health and Disease

13. Agent, host and Environment Primary point of interest in epidemiology is what happens to the host-whether it gets sick or not, whether it becomes a carrier, a source or a reservoir. To a greater extent, a fair deal of information about the agent can be gathered by studying the host reaction to it. -Remigio Mercado MD,MPH Epidemiology for the health administrator 1998, 2nd Edition

14. Agent, host and Environment “ Social work is the profession which is concerned with man’s adjustment to his environment------“social functioning”-roles

15. How HEALTH IS OBJECTIVELY MEASURE??

16. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

17. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

18. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

19. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

20. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

21. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

22. MAJOR SOURCES OF PHILIPPINE HEALTH INFORMATION

23. OTHER INFORMATION FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY Inc. -member of the International Clinical Epidemiology Network. -non-profit http://clinical-epidemiology.ph/2009_10/modules/sections/index.php?op=listarticles&secid=3

26. One of their works C) Prof. Rachel A. Delino2001-2003 Baseline Surveys for the National Objectives of Health (DOH)

27. Ongoing works ONGOING RESEARCHESA) Dr. Cecilia S. Acuin2002-2003 Child Health Nutrition Research in Asia and the Pacific: An Assessment of Research Priorities and Research Institutions (Global Forum for Health Research)B) Prof. Rachel A. Delino2002-2003 Effectiveness and Safety of a Community-Based Pill Dispensing Package(MSH-GTZ)2002-2003 World Health Survey (Philippines)(WHO)2003 Effectiveness of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Improving the Quality of Tuberculosis Care (DOH)2003-2004 An International Study of Health Research Funding Agencies’ Support and Promotion of Knowledge Translation in Low- And Middle-Income Countries (CIHR)C) Dr. Jesus Emmanuel A.D. SevillejaJan 2003 - present Effectiveness of Clinical Practice Guidelines in Improving the Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Public-Private Urban SettingsJan 2003- present Clinical Practice Guidelines on Urinary Tract Infections, updateJuly 2002-present Building a Collaborative Quality Improvement Model to Implement Hospital Infection Control ProgramsFeb 2002-present Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Dissemination Strategies Using Clinical Practice Guidelines on Urinary Tract Infectionhttp://clinical-epidemiology.ph/2009_10/modules/sections/index.php?op=viewarticle&artid=3&page=7

28. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

29. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION apologizing to the officers working with the NSCB for suggesting in a previous column that “some” amount of doctoring was going on their Board because of the addition of 146, 582 babies to the actual number recorded in the 2000 census. --By BERNARDO VILLEGAS October 17, 2010, 11:52am Manila bulletin

30. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The Philippines estimates its 2010 population at 94.01 million..making it the 12th most populous nation in the world. September 23, 2010, 8:00pm By Helen Flores of the PHILIPPINE STAR

31. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Preliminary results from the 2008 National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) showed that there was a significant decline in infant mortality rate IMR from 351 percent in 1998 to 249 percent in 2008. Infant mortality rate in the country declined from 35 infant deaths per 1,000 live births in the period 1993 to 1997 to 25 deaths per 1000 live births in 2003 to 2007, NSO administrator Carmelita Ericta told a media forum in Quezon City.

32. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION “The Philippines is among 68 countries which contributed to 97 percent of maternal, neonatal and child health deaths worldwide” --United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in its State of the World's Children 2009 report.

33. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION nutritional status of Filipino ----the FNRI has commenced another survey, the 2003 National Nutrition Surveys (NNS). The survey is made up of the following components: (a) Anthropometric Nutrition Survey; (b) Biochemical Nutrition Survey; (c) Dietary Assessment Among 0-5 Year-Old Children, Pregnant and Lactating Women; Baseline Food Consumption Survey for Evaluating the Impact of the Food Fortification Program in the Philippines; and Household Food Security Survey; and (d) Clinical Phase: National Nutrition and Health Survey.

35. ReSEARCHES THESIS TITLE: Nurse’s structured Health Teaching Mother’s socio demographic characteristics and their knowledge and skills on Diarrhea SAYS THAT: There is a significant Difference in the level of knowledge and skills before and after structured Health teaching. --Malapitan Rosemarie L July 2000

36. Researches Thesis Title: Extent of Performance of the roles and functions of Community Nurses in Northern Samar basis for Educational Program Development SAYS THAT: There is a relationship Between socio-demographic profile and extent of performance as community organizer and recommends determination of number of service and training of Public Health Nurses. Cagro, Maryflor 2003

37. THANK you!! ROSALIE CASTRO RN, MSN rosaliecastrorn@yahoo.com