#Pygmalion expectancy-effect by @TeacherToolkit - sources used are: 1. http://psych.wisc.edu/braun/281/Intelligence/LabellingEffects.htm 2. www.cedu.niu.edu/~smith/Teaching/535/Images/Expectancy.ppt (Content is not mine)

1. Teacher Expectancy Effects
• General expectations include teachers'
beliefs about:
– changeability versus the rigidity of students'
abilities,
– students' potential to benefit from instruction,
– appropriate difficulty of material for the class,
and
– whether the class should be taught as a group or
individually

2. The Pygmalion Effect
• Self-fulfilling
prophecy
• Teacher expectancy
effect
• “Professor Henry
Higgins instructs Liza
Doolittle”

3. Teacher expectancy effect:
• Teacher expects a specific behavior from specific
student 
• Because of these expectations, teacher behaves
differently toward student 
• This treatment tells student what behavior teacher
expects from them 
• If the treatment is consistent, it will shape the student’s
behavior over time 
• Students’ behavior will conform more and more closely
to teacher’s expectation of them

4. Robert Rosenthal & Lenore Jacobson
Pygmalion in the classroom:
Teachers’ expectation and students’
intellectual development (1968)

5. Robert Merton (1948)
• Self-fulfilling prophecy:
– Belief
– Prophecy
– Prophecy fulfilled

6. Pygmalion study:
"the change in the teachers'
expectations regarding the
intellectual performance of these
allegedly 'special' children had led
to an actual change in the
intellectual performance of these
randomly selected children"

7. Pygmalion study:
"the change in the teachers'
expectations regarding the
intellectual performance of these
allegedly 'special' children had led
to an actual change in the
intellectual performance of these
randomly selected children"