4. Computer Architecture and Organization A Computer.... The word computer was taken from the Latin – Computare – which means ‘calculate’ Computer is a machine that only can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer will process the data to produce information .
7. Computer Architecture and Organization Structure Function Is the way how each component/unit of computer communicates to each other. Refers to the operation of each component which include in a structure.
8. Computer Structure Computer Architecture and Organization Communication Lines Peripherals The Computer COMPUTER - Storage - Processing
9. Computer Architecture and Organization The Main Structure Computer Main Memory Input Output Systems Interconnection Central Processing Unit
10. Computer Architecture and Organization Central Processing Unit To process data and control the computer operations. Main Memory To keep data during process The Main Structure Systems Interconnection The mechanism which is use to communicate between CPU, main memory and I/O. Input Output To move data and information between computer and external environment
11. Computer Architecture and Organization ca 2000 You can see why they called this CPU a microprocessor ! ca 1980 It took 10 of these boards to make a Central Processing Unit CPU : The Heart of Computing System
12. Computer Architecture and Organization Structural Component of CPU Registers : Provide storage internal to the CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : Performs the computer’s data processing functions Control Unit : Control the operations of the CPU CPU Interconnections : provide mechanism for communication among CU, ALU and registers Computer Main Memory CPU I/O System Intercon-nection The Central Processing Unit (CPU) Registers Control Unit ALU Internal CPU Interconn. CPU
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14. Computer Architecture and Organization A Fundamental View of Computer Functions Data movement apparatus Control mechanism Data storage facility Data processing facility Source and destination of data
15. Computer Architecture and Organization Data Processing Example : Print bank statement Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility
16. Computer Architecture and Organization Data Storage Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility
17. Computer Architecture and Organization Data Movement Apparatus Control Mechanism Data Storage Facility Data Processing Facility Data Movement Example : Keyboard to Monitor
20. Computer Architecture Computer Architecture and Organization The computer attribute which can be recognized by programmer . This attribute has a direct effect to the program execution such as instruction set, data representation, addressing and I/O. Example : Intel x86 share same architecture
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27. The IBM 7094, a typical mainframe computer [photo courtesy of IBM] Computer Architecture and Organization
31. Computer Architecture and Organization Big Ideas #1 : Universal Computing Devices = = PDA Workstation Supercomputer
32. Turing Machine Computer Architecture and Organization is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules. Despite its simplicity, a Turing machine can be adapted to simulate the logic of any computer algorithm, and is particularly useful in explaining the functions of a CPU inside a computer. Read more : http://www.mapageweb.umontreal.ca/cousined/lego/5-machines/turing/turing.html
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35. Computer Architecture and Organization Big Ideas #2 : Problem Transformation Problems Language Instruction Set Architecture Microarchitecture Circuits Devices Algorithms
36. Problem Transformation - levels of abstraction The desired behavior: the application The building blocks: electronic devices Computer Architecture and Organization Natural Language Algorithm Program Machine Architecture Devices Micro-architecture Logic Circuits
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38. Deeper and Deeper… Computer Architecture and Organization Instr Set Architecture Microarch Circuits Processor Design: choose structures to implement ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) Logic/Circuit Design: gates and low-level circuits to implement components Devices Process Engineering & Fabrication: develop and manufacture lowest-level components
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41. Many Choices at Each Level Computer Architecture and Organization Tradeoffs: cost performance power (etc.) Solve a system of equations Gaussian elimination Jacobi iteration Red-black SOR Multigrid FORTRAN C C++ Java Intel x86 PowerPC Atmel AVR Centrino Pentium 4 Xeon Ripple-carry adder Carry-lookahead adder CMOS Bipolar GaAs
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43. Computer Architecture and Organization The History & Evolution Of Computer Basically, the history of computer development is divided into 2 parts : before 1940 & after 1940 .
65. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXLxcCTwr2E&feature=player_detailpage/ http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSFh-ME83Bk&feature=player_detailpage/ Computer Architecture and Organization http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SD0W0_J_28A&feature=player_detailpage/ Computer in Future....
Notas del editor
Sistem Komputer : Pengenalan Disediakan oleh : Saira Banu & Norasikin
Sistem Komputer : Pengenalan Disediakan oleh : Saira Banu & Norasikin
Sistem Komputer : Pengenalan Disediakan oleh : Saira Banu & Norasikin
Sistem Komputer : Pengenalan Disediakan oleh : Saira Banu & Norasikin
Sistem Komputer : Pengenalan Disediakan oleh : Saira Banu & Norasikin Sun and Java are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Intel, Pentium, Centrino, and Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corporation. AMD and Athlon and trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Atmel and AVR are registered trademarks of Atmel Corporation. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
Sistem Komputer : Pengenalan Disediakan oleh : Saira Banu & Norasikin