Syntax & Stylistics 1

Syntax & Stylistics Revealing the Bones of Language

Intuitions about Words Belonging Together My cat eats ate really fancy restaurants [[my cat ][ eats [ at [[ really fancy ] restaurants ]]]] ,[object Object],[object Object]

Constituent Structure ,[object Object],My cat eats at really fancy restaurants

Using Introspective Data Syntax is fun!

Intuitions about Language ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Form vs. Meaning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Introspective Judgments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Constituents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Constituent Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Constituent Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Constituent Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What’s a Constituent? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ambiguity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A Richer Hierarchical Structure The dog that is chasing the ball is limping

Ambiguity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ambiguity The harbor pilot saw the ship’s captain with a telescope The harbor pilot saw the ship’s captain with a telescope Each meaning is associated with a different structure:

Find the Ambiguity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Concatenation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Concatenation as Addition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Structured Concatenation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reverse Order? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reverse Order Kozo ate Dori’s dinner

Problems ( 1 the & ( 2 cat & ( 3 ate & ( 4 Dori’s & dinner) 4 ) 3 ) 2 ) 1 The cat ate Dori’s dinner ,[object Object]

Regular (Markov) Grammars Also called “Finite State Automata.” Each dot represents a state, the words are functions from state to state. man men comes came The old ● ● ● ● ● ● very

Regular (Markov) Grammar What sentences can you generate with this grammar? dog dogs snores snore The old ● ● ● ● ● ● very

Grammaticality? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mirror Languages ,[object Object],[object Object]

No Memory anti missile ● ● ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Question Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Question Formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Grammatical, but not Acceptable ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],We might reject this sentence because it is just to complex to understand, even though it conforms to the rules of the grammar.

Syntax & Stylistics 1

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Syntax & Stylistics 1