Virtualization and SAN Basics for DBAs
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Virtualization and SAN Basics for DBAs
- 1. VMs, SAN, SQL:The Big Threes Brent OzarQuest Software Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/ektogamat/2687444500/
- 2. I’m Your Host: Brent Ozar Microsoft Certified Master SQL Server MVP Quest Software Past Lives: DBA, SAN, VMware admin www.BrentOzar.com Twitter: @BrentO
- 3. Today’s Big Threes 3 “Nevers” for VMs 3 “Always” for SAN 3 Metrics for Both Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/ektogamat/2687444500/
- 5. Our Host 2 Sockets4 Cores Each 64GB RAM 1 Terabyte SAN Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/brento/1748661584/
- 10. Not So Fast!
- 11. Never OverallocatevCPUs Less is More Every Tick Matters Minimize CPU Work Don’t Be Strict Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/rsimpson/3832084595/
- 12. So What About Memory? Host: 64GB Guest: 16GB Other Guests: 32GB Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/erikthenorsk/3642116265/
- 13. So What About Memory? Host: 64GB Guest: 16GB Other Guests: 80GB Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/erikthenorsk/3642116265/
- 14. How Hypervisors Cope Host page file Dedupe memory(page sharing) Keep guest OSmemory freed up Learn more inmy bookmarks:http://delicious.com/brento/balloon Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/heartlover1717/208534358/
- 15. Never Use Automatics Set SQL Server’s min/max memory Set VMware’s reservation size Use locked pagescarefully Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/nataliejohnson/2419154951/
- 21. Never Assume VMs are Alone Guests move Guests get created Competition: virus scans, scheduled tasks, backups Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/32172473@N00/4036700968/
- 22. Always Know Your Neighbors Same disks Same cache Same controller Same SAN Ask: Usage pattern? Scheduled jobs? Antivirus? Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/searchnetmedia/4327761697/
- 23. Design Storage as a Whole Backup schedules Backup methods Backup targets Use differentials Stagger job times Reconfigure antivirus
- 26. Switch networks
- 28. HBA Drivers
- 30. What Does Active/Active Mean? One path per LUN Sending vs receiving Network design Post-failover stickiness
- 31. Got High Speed?
- 32. So You Tested This Too, Right? Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/tophost/2247031208/
- 33. Always Test First with SQLIO Doesn’t use SQL Server Doesn’t mimic SQL Server Doesn’t return SQL metrics Therefore: SAN guys love it!
- 34. The Easy Way
- 35. SQLIO Results E:rogram Files (x86)QLIO>sqlio -kW -t2 -s120 -dM -o1 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS Testfile.dat sqlio v1.5.SG using system counter for latency timings, -1361967296 counts per second 2 threads writing for 120 secs to file M:Testfile.dat using 64KB random IOs enabling multiple I/Os per thread with 1 outstanding buffering set to use hardware disk cache (but not file cache) using current size: 24576 MB for file: M:Testfile.dat initialization done CUMULATIVE DATA: throughput metrics: IOs/sec: 1539.50 MBs/sec: 96.21 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 0 Avg_Latency(ms): 0 Max_Latency(ms): 572 histogram: ms: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24+ %: 66 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- 36. Good Numbers, Bad News iSCSI 1GB = 125 MB/sec 10GB = 1250 MB/sec Fibre Channel: 2GB = 250 MB/sec 4GB = 500 MB/sec
- 37. Which Causes An Outage? New neighbors RAID restripe Drive failure Cable change Firmware change Switch upgrade Controller reboot Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/celebdu/10200825/
- 38. Where Will You See Changes? Windows event log SQL Server logs Profiler traces Net Send popups Your dreams at night
- 39. Always Be Checking Photo Licensed with Creative Commons From http://www.flickr.com/photos/buro9/298998173/
- 40. My 3 Favorite Metrics Physical Disk: Avg Sec/Read and Write System: Processor Queue Length SQL Server Memory: Page Life Expectancy
- 41. It’s Not All Bad News! Easier scaling Less firmware outages No leased hardware cycles Easier disaster recovery Easier dinosaur handling
- 42. Wrapping It Up Virtualization Nevers: OverallocatevCPUs Use automatics Assume your VM is alone SAN Always’s: Know your neighbors Test first with SQLIO Be checking
- 44. Our Book Internals: Memory Locking Storage Troubleshooting: Perfmon/Profiler RML Utilities SQLNexus
- 45. Our Authors Christian BoltonMVP, MCM, MCAFormer Microsoft PFE Justin LangfordFormer MS PFE Brent OzarMCM, MVP James Rowland-JonesMVP, EMC Consulting Steven WortMicrosoft Developer
- 46. Paperbacks & PDF Versions:SQLServerTroubleshooting.com
Notas del editor
- How big should our guest be? How many cores should we allocate? How much memory? How much storage?
- For a two-CPU VM, Vmware found just an 8% CPU overhead.CPUs are constantly getting fasterHow many of you believe that? Well, the reason you don’t believe it is because you’re probably not doing it right.
- When C needs CPU power, he’s slowing down A & B.Do we allow A&B to run single-CPU operations on CPU 2 while C runs?
- Less is more - single processor everywhere. Always easy to go up if you really need it.Good practice for SQL licensing anyway.It’s not about getting as many CPUs as you can – it’s about succeeding in the virtual environment.Every tick – remove anything that burns CPU, including screensavers
- Freed up = balloon driver
- It LOOKS like an array to you, but it’s really just a file on another array. Here’s a screenshot…
- This is just one volumeProblem is exacerbated with today’s huge hard drivesGotta monitor IO 24/7It’s not just the performance of the drives – it’s also how you ACCESS the drives
- Your guest can move from host to host at any timeOther guests can pile on to your hostHost configurations can change without you knowingCPU & memory testing is almost meaningless as long as you’re sharing hosts
- How many of you have cable modems or DSL?How much does it cost you per month?I bet you’ve run speed tests to find out how fast it is, right?
- Good news is that your SAN admin can change RAID methods, cache settings, all kinds of things to improve performance
- We need something to measure with – what runs every day, and we keep a history of it?Backup job times.