ICSE Class X History - Mahatma Gandhi and National Movement

Mahatma Gandhi and the
National Movement
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Mahatma Gandhi
Questions
State methods of political
struggle used by Mahatma
Gandhi.

Name the three struggles in
which Gandhiji was involved
after his return to India from S.
Africa

Answers
Methods used by Mahatma Gandhi
during freedom struggle were –

1.
2.
3.
4.

Satyagraha
Doctrine of Non-Violance
Swadeshi
Mass Movement

Gandhiji was involved in following three
struggles after his return from S. Africa:
1. Champaran Satyagraha (1917)
2. Ahmedabad Satyagraha (1918)
3.

Kheda Satyagraha (1918)


Mahatma Gandhi
Questions

Answers
• Champaran Satyagraha was the First
Satyagraha of Gandhiji in India.

What was the Champaran
Satyagraha?
OR
Name the First Satyagraha of
Mahatma Gandhi in India.

• Indigo cultivator of Chamaparan,
Bihar invited Gandhiji in 1917 to take
up their issue of tinkathia Sysytem
with British Government.
• District Authorities of Champaran
banned Gandhiji’s entry.
• As a protest, Gandhiji offered
Satyagraha, well known as
Champaran Satyagraha.


Gandhiji’s Methods and Directions
Questions

Answers
• Satya – means truth; and Agraha - means
insistance to hold fast.
• To Gandhiji, Satyagraha was a moral force

What was Satyagraha? And what
it meant for Gandhiji?

born of truth and non-violence. It meant
to be fearless, truthful and peaceful,
suffering willingly while refusing to
submit to what is wrong. Even while
resisting evil, it would not involve hatred
towards the evil-doer.
Gandhiji’s Satyagraha Movement was

What was the aim of Gandhiji’s
Satyagraha movement?

directed against the British system of
exploitation and not the British people
individually or collectively.


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Non-Cooperation Movement
Questions

Answers

What was Non-Cooperation
movement?

Non-cooperation is a way of
protesting in which one does not
cooperate with the evil-doer.
Gandhiji asked people not to assist
foreign government to rule over
them.

List the causes that led for
Non-Cooperation movement?

There are 3 causes that led for noncooperation movement –
1. Khilafat Movement
2. Rowlatt Act
3. Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy


Non-Cooperation Movement – Khilafat Movement
Questions

Answers

What were the objectives of
Khilafat Movement?

The Khilafat Movement had 3 objectives –
1. The Ottoman Caliph should retain his
empire.
2. The Caliph must be left with sufficient
territory to enable him to defend the
Islamic faith; and
3. The Arab lands (Arabia, Syria, Iraq; and
Palestine) must remain under the
Muslim Rule

When was the ‘Khilafat Day’
observed in India

Khilafat Day was observed in India on
October 17, 1919.

What was objective of Gandhiji
to join Khiafat Movement?

The objective of Gandhiji to participate in
Khilafat movement was to unit Hindus &
Muslims


Non-Cooperation Movement – Rowlatt Act
Questions

Answers
•

Describe, how Rowlatt Act
became cause for NonCooperation movement?

Gandhiji appealed Viceroy to
withhold his consent to Rowlatt Act
considering it’s implications; but
Viceroy ignored the appeal.

•

As a result, Gandhiji challenged
Government through Satyagraha;
and that became a cause for noncooperation movement.


Non-Cooperation Movement – Objectives
Q: With reference to the Non-Cooperation Movement, enlist
objectives of this movement.
Non-Cooperation Movement was started with following objectives –
1. To attain self-government within the British Empire if possible, and
outside if necessary.

2. Withdrawal of the Rowlatt Act and remedying the ‘Punjab wrong’ i.e.
the British Government should express its regret on the happening in
Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.
3. Remedying the ‘Khilafat Worng’ i.e. the British should adopt a lenient
attitude towards Turkey, and restore the old status of the Sultan of
Turkey.


Q: With reference to the objectives of Non-Cooperation
Movement, describe the Boycott Program.
The Boycott program included following –
1. Boycotting Government schools, colleges and courts.
2. Boycotting Foreign goods.
3. Boycotting Elections that was about to held for the Councils
as suggested by reforms of 1919
4. Resignation from nominated seats in local bodies.
5. Surrendering titles and honorary offices.
6. Refusal to attend government functions.


Q: With reference to the objectives of Non-Cooperation
Movement, describe the Swadeshi Program.
The Swdeshi program included –
1. Popularization of Swadeshi and Khadi by reviving handspinning and hand-weaving.
2. Establishing National Schools and Colleges and private
arbitration courts known as Panchayats all over India.
3. Developing unity between Hindus and Muslims.
4. Removal of untouchability and other measures for Harijan
welfare.
5. Emancipation and upliftment of women.

ICSE Class X History - Mahatma Gandhi and National Movement

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