1. Home Power Workshop

2. Agenda
6:30 Introduction/Purpose…………………5 min……...Alan Gibson
6:35 Energy Design ……………………...15min…..….Jeremy Neven
6:55 Solar Photovoltaic…………….…….40min……...Joshua Pearce
Break……..…………15 min……
7:45 Wind………….…………….………40 min……..Jason Wamboldt
8:25 Closing……………………………..5 min ………....Alan Gibson
8:30 Networking………………………..30 min

3. Workshop Purpose
To provide more indepth knowledge of
solar photovoltaic and wind renewable
clean technologies and the process to
implement that will support participant
home power project actions
To provide points of contact and
resource assistance to participants post
workshop

4. Technical HOW TO Workshops
-Outline-
Follow - up HOW TO workshops focused on :
Home Heating : March 5 from 6:30-8:30 at SLC – Rm 01040
Home Power : March 9 at SLC from 6:30-8:30 in Rm 01000
Biomass and Conservation : March 10 from 6:30- 8:30 in Rm 01040
You will be able to :
decide which system(s) is best for your purposes
compare costs and understand more on grants
evaluate whether you want to do it yourself or
Interact one on one with qualified contractors and how to proceed with your
project

5. Energy Efficient Design

7. Energy Performance - Codes

8. “R” Values – (RSI)

9. Thermal Bridging
•“R” value of a 2”x6” = 6.87
•“R” value of a 2”x4” = 4.3
•Lumber accounts for approx 25% of a wall

10. Truss Design

11. Air Tightness

12. Lighting

13. Wiring
•Heavier gauge wires have less “Line Loss”
•Shortest distance traveled will have less “Line Loss”
•Minimized circuit loads will reduce “Line Loss”

14. Water Conservation
•“Power Pipe”
•Composting Toilets
•Low Flush Toilets
•Grey Water re-use
•Rain Water Capture
•Pumps

15. HVAC
ECM Motors
Electrically Commutated
Motor

16. HVAC

17. Energy Efficiency
•Site
•Structure
•Envelope
•Mechanical
•Electrical
•Use

18. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
WORKSHOP

19. Workshop outline
Introduction
Technology (available systems)‫‏‬
Installation Issues
Getting Your Project Done
Case Study
Cost Calculations & Financial Projections
Questions and Follow-up

20. What are Photovoltaics?
Commonly known as “solar cells.”
Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert light energy
into electricity.
The simplest systems power the small
calculators we use every day. More complicated
systems will provide a large portion of the
electricity in the near future.
PV represents one of the most promising means
of maintaining our energy intensive standard of
living while not contributing to global warming
and pollution.

21. PV Solar System
Solar Power
To the Grid
Inverter
Solar
PV Utility
Arrays Meter
Main Utility
Breaker Panel
DC AC
Voltage Voltage

22. Solar PV Materials:
Crystalline & Polycrystalline
Silicon
Advantages:
• High Efficiency (14-22%)‫‏‬
• Established technology (The leader)‫‏‬
• Stable
Disadvantages:
• Expensive production
• Low absorption coefficient
• Large amount of highly purified feedstock

23. c-Si Manufacture

24. Crystalline
Silicon
Amorphous Silicon

25. Amorphous Silicon
Advantages:
High absorption (don’t need a lot
of material)‫‏‬
Established technology
Ease of integration into buildings
Excellent ecological balance
sheet
Cheaper than the glass, metal, or
plastic you deposit it on
Disadvantages
Only moderate stabilized efficiency 7-
10%

26. Other thin film technologies
Cd-Te – inexpensive, Cd
CIGS – just starting mass production
GaAs – expensive
TiO2 dye sensitized
**********************************************
Many technologies all over 6% efficient
Efficiency doesn't matter - $/W

27. Installation Issues
Types of PV systems - aesthetics
Modeling - RETScreen
Building Codes, Inspections

28. Residential Rooftops
BIPV or Retrofit

30. Solar Shingles

31. Paperwork
Leave it up to the installer
Complete the application for SOC with the
local utility as well as OPA.
All the connections to an existing electric
service without any scheduled service
disconnect and reconnect

32. Getting Your Project Done
Assessing Needs – 100% solar or fraction
Specification of Equipment - $/Wp or
$/kW-hr
Engaging Contractors – multiple quotes
• Acquiring Approvals
• Project Planning
Follow-ups & Maintenance ~0

33. Case Study
PV Requirements
About $10,000 per kW (or $10/W)‫‏‬
South Facing Roof
Ontario Power Authority (OPA) Standard
Offer Contract (SOC) – on-line application
Kingston Electricity Distribution Limited
(KEDL) Connection Agreement
www.xantrex.com (Burnaby, BC)‫‏‬

34. Home Power Plant

35. PV – Inverter - Helpers
RJ (Rob) Kennedy Electric
Quantum Renewable Energy (Rick Rooney)‫‏‬
Utilities Kingston
• Kingston Electricity Distribution Limited (KEDL)‫‏‬
• Until Sept KEDL will rebate 50% of the connection costs up
to $1,000. Talk to Steve Sottile.*

36. Meters & Inverter
228 / 575 = 40%
Earn 42 cents per kWh with SOC
Expect between 1,600 to 1,700 kWh/yr

37. Economics
@$10/Wp installed cost - payback is
about 18-years
Should not use payback time as decision
making metric – use ROI and compare to
cost of money
Or opportunity cost of other investments –
AFTER taxes
Need lifetime – 25 – 30 years

38. Calculating ROI from Payback time and lifetime
50
45
40
35
30
Life time (T) [ Years]
2.50%
25 3.00%
4.00%
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Payback Time (P/S) [Years]

39. CONCLUDING REMARKS:
PV provides green electricity for the
home
Simplest system uses grid for storage –
two meters - $0.42/kW-hr feed in
Long lifetime – 25+ year warranty
Economic now, PV module prices
dropping

40. Solar Photovoltaics
NOW!

41. Small Wind Power
Jason Wamboldt B.Sc. (Eng), MES
Renewable Energy of Plum Hollow

42. Workshop outline
Small wind for homeowners –
Technical Workshop
• Wind Availability
• Choosing the right turbine
• Using the power
• Paybacks
• Are there noise, safety, maintenance
or environmental concerns?

43. Wind Availability
• Average annual wind speeds of > 4.0-4.5 m/s (9-10.2mph)
• Great resource: www.windatlas.ca

44. Wind Availability

45. Wind Availability

46. Wind Availability

47. Wind Availability

48. Wind Availability
Skystream 3.7

49. Siting Issues
• Power is the
cube of wind
speed – height
matters!
• Guy wires are
roughly the same
diameter as
tower height.

50. How to choose the right turbine
RELIABILITY AND SAFETY ARE NUMBER 1
• Towers require proper structural engineering
• Electrical connections require safety inspections
• Maintain setback from home, building, and neighbours.
In a far distant second…
How much power do I need/want/use now?
• Average home uses 30 kWh of power per day.
• How much of this do you want to make.
• How much is reasonable for your wind resource?

51. How to choose the right turbine
• Find your anticipated annual wind speed.
• Convert this POWER (W) into ENERGY (kWh)

52. Energy Output
• Manufacturer estimated output: 300 kWh/month
• Wind atlas estimated: 325 kWh/mo. (3.91 MWh/y)
• Average Ontario consumption: 930 kWh/month
% of monthly loads met: 32-35% Wind
Load
Solar
Jan July Dec

53. Using the Power
1. Net-metering: reduce your electricity bill by consuming your
own wind-generated electricity.
2. Standard Offer Contract: sell your wind-generated electricity
to the grid for $0.11/kWh.
3. Battery Backup: for later use in the event of grid failure or for
off-grid applications.

54. Net Metering
Grid
$0.11/kWh
_
+ DC AC
+
Charge Inverter
Controller _
_
+
Ground
Battery Bank

55. Standard Offer Contract
Grid
$0.11/kWh $0.11/kWh
_
+ DC AC
+
Charge Inverter
Controller _
_
+
Ground
Battery Bank

56. What are the costs and paybacks?
Case-study:
Skystream 2.4 kW, Cost: $16,576.77 + tax
Wiring and misc.
9%
Labour
27%
Equipment
64%
• Average winds of 13 mph would generate
400 kWh/month or 44% of average Ontario
home demand.
• Equates to $528/y at current electricity
pricing ($0.11/kWh).

57. Maintenance and Warranty
• Annual inspection of bolts, guy wires, and electrical
connections.
• May require greasing of bearings.
• Blades need to be visually inspected for cracks or
stress signs.
•Warranties are typically 2-5 years.

58. Safety, Environmental, and
Noise Concerns
• Wind turbines DO generate noise and vibrations (be a
good neighbour)
• Check with local zoning and building code
requirements for safe installation of tower and
foundation
• Electrical permits must be taken and approved by the
Electrical Safety Authority
• All turbines have mechanisms to slow blades in high
winds

59. Conclusions
• Small wind turbines are less than 100 kW.
• Need good site with clean, strong, consistent wind
with buffers from buildings and neighbours.
• Power can be used to offset electricity bills or store in
batteries for later use.
• Costs are significantly tied to equipment costs and
expect long paybacks at current electricity prices.
• SAFETY IS PARAMOUNT.

60. Closing
Purpose /products review
Feedback forms please
Further resource support requirements
Our support

61. Brought to you by:
SWITCH - The Sustainable Energy People
SWITCH thanks the Ontario Trillium Foundation for
its Financial Support
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