SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 13
Descargar para leer sin conexión
D.1
PHARMACEUTICAL
     PRODUCTS
       Alyssa Pivniouk
         Liam Rawson
D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND
    DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY
 A drug is any substance, by its chemical nature,
  that has an influence on the physical or mental
  functions of the human body.
 A medicine or pharmaceutical is a drug that leads
  to an improvement in health.
D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND
DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY
 Medicines and drugs produce any or all of the
 following effects:
 -Alteration of incoming sensory sensations
 -Alteration of mood or emotions
 -Alteration of physiological state (eg.
 consciousness, activity levels, physical
 coordination
D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND
    DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY
   Drugs that target the          Analgesics, stimulants and
    nervous system,                 depressants
    the brain and
    the perception of stimuli

   Drugs that target              Antacids
    the metabolic processes
   Drugs that supplement the      Antibacterials and antivirals
    body’s natural ability to
    fight disease-causing
    organisms
D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND
DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY
                        Two classes of drugs

Depressants- Result in relaxation (alcohol at low concentrations)




Stimulants- Result in wakefulness and a sense of well-being
   (amphetamines, hallucinogens)

Some drugs, such as caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana can fit into
  both categories
D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND
DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY
                Placebo Effect        NOT THIS


Placebo: An inert chemical used as a control
   when testing a drug clinically.
Placebo effect: the pharmacological effect on a
   person who has been given a placebo, rather
   than an active drug. (affected by mental
   attitude)
It is thought that the placebo effect triggers
   natural healing processes in the body.
~***Fun Fact***~ ‘Placebo is the Latin word
   meaning “I shall please”.
D.1.2 OUTLINE THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF
NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
                         Procedure:
   isolating the new product from existing species
    (plants, animals) or synthesized chemically/
    artificially
   subjecting the product to laboratory and clinical
    pharmacological studies (plant and animal testing)
    to demonstrate its effectiveness
   testing its effective dosage and lethal dosage rates
   establishing its therapeutic index / window
   testing on humans in an initial clinical trial, on
    volunteers and patience, half of which are given a
    placebo
   processing the product through other tests
    elaborating on clinical situations
   having it approved by the drug administration, as
    either an OTC (over the counter) drug or
    prescription drug
D.1.2 OUTLINE THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF
NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Clinical trial: recording the results
  of treating a group of patients
  with the drug and comparing
  them to group of similar
  patients receiving a different
  treatment or a placebo
Control group: group of patients
  receiving a placebo
Double-blind study: Where the
  patients, the doctors and the
  drug company analysts do not
  know which patients receive
  what drug.
D.1.2 OUTLINE THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF
NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
       Thalidomide
Had been subjected to
  toxicity test before
  marketed but critics have
  stated that these were
  superficial and incomplete.
Not tested for birth defects
  and led to 10,000 deformed
  babies with phocomelia
Also led to peripheral
  neuropathy in the mothers
D.1.3 DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF
          ADMINISTERING DRUGS
D.1.4 DISCUSS THE TERMS THERAPEUTIC
   WINDOW, TOLERANCE AND SIDE-EFFECTS
Therapeutic Window: range of a drug's
 concentration in the blood between its
 therapeutic (ED50) and its toxic (LD50) level.
D.1.4 DISCUSS THE TERMS THERAPEUTIC
WINDOW, TOLERANCE AND SIDE-EFFECTS
  Tolerance: When a larger dose of the
   drug is required in order to achieve the
   effect originally obtained by a smaller
   dose
  Acute tolerance: Occurs within a single
   exposure to the drug
  Chronic tolerance: Occurs gradually as
   the drug is taken repeatedly
  Cross-tolerance: Can develop between
   alcohol and other sedative/hypnotic
   drugs.
D.1.4 DISCUSS THE TERMS THERAPEUTIC
   WINDOW, TOLERANCE AND SIDE-EFFECTS
 SideEffects: Any effect other than the
 intended effect of drug treatment.

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

NurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic Principles
NurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic PrinciplesNurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic Principles
NurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic Principlesjben501
 
Intro of genrl phramcolgy
Intro of genrl phramcolgyIntro of genrl phramcolgy
Intro of genrl phramcolgyJalal Syooti
 
Intro pharmacology pdf
Intro pharmacology pdfIntro pharmacology pdf
Intro pharmacology pdfsaeedanwar78
 
02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd
02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd
02 Pharmacologic Principles UpdNurse Uragon
 
Pharmacological principles
Pharmacological principlesPharmacological principles
Pharmacological principlesraj kumar
 
Scope of pharmacology in physiotherapy
Scope of pharmacology in physiotherapyScope of pharmacology in physiotherapy
Scope of pharmacology in physiotherapyDeeptiMSati
 
Introduction of pharmacology Therapeutics
Introduction of pharmacology TherapeuticsIntroduction of pharmacology Therapeutics
Introduction of pharmacology TherapeuticsSMS MEDICAL COLLEGE
 
Pharmacology 1
Pharmacology 1Pharmacology 1
Pharmacology 1cqpate
 
Drugs pharmaceutical compounds
Drugs pharmaceutical compounds Drugs pharmaceutical compounds
Drugs pharmaceutical compounds Fayza Syed
 
1 introduction to pharmacology
1 introduction to pharmacology1 introduction to pharmacology
1 introduction to pharmacologybernard kathewera
 
Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10
Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10
Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10Jack Frost
 
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. Panneh
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. PannehIntroduction to pharmacology- Mr. Panneh
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. Pannehabdou panneh
 
Intro to pharmacology
Intro to pharmacologyIntro to pharmacology
Intro to pharmacologyDr Shah Murad
 
Introduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi Farah
Introduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi FarahIntroduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi Farah
Introduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi FarahQaline Giigii
 
general pharmacology slide in students of pharmacy
general pharmacology slide in students of pharmacygeneral pharmacology slide in students of pharmacy
general pharmacology slide in students of pharmacyFaruk Hossen
 
Introduction to pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacologyIntroduction to pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacologysaeedanwar78
 
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing StudentsIntroduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing StudentsKalaivanisathishr
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

NurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic Principles
NurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic PrinciplesNurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic Principles
NurseReview.Org - Pharmacologic Principles
 
Intro of genrl phramcolgy
Intro of genrl phramcolgyIntro of genrl phramcolgy
Intro of genrl phramcolgy
 
Pharmacology
PharmacologyPharmacology
Pharmacology
 
Intro pharmacology pdf
Intro pharmacology pdfIntro pharmacology pdf
Intro pharmacology pdf
 
02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd
02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd
02 Pharmacologic Principles Upd
 
Pharmacological principles
Pharmacological principlesPharmacological principles
Pharmacological principles
 
Scope of pharmacology in physiotherapy
Scope of pharmacology in physiotherapyScope of pharmacology in physiotherapy
Scope of pharmacology in physiotherapy
 
MBBS Year 1 Intro to pharamcology 2016
MBBS Year 1 Intro to pharamcology 2016MBBS Year 1 Intro to pharamcology 2016
MBBS Year 1 Intro to pharamcology 2016
 
Introduction of pharmacology Therapeutics
Introduction of pharmacology TherapeuticsIntroduction of pharmacology Therapeutics
Introduction of pharmacology Therapeutics
 
Pharmacology 1
Pharmacology 1Pharmacology 1
Pharmacology 1
 
Drugs pharmaceutical compounds
Drugs pharmaceutical compounds Drugs pharmaceutical compounds
Drugs pharmaceutical compounds
 
1 introduction to pharmacology
1 introduction to pharmacology1 introduction to pharmacology
1 introduction to pharmacology
 
Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10
Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10
Nursing and pharmacology topics 1 10
 
Nursing pharmacology
Nursing pharmacologyNursing pharmacology
Nursing pharmacology
 
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. Panneh
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. PannehIntroduction to pharmacology- Mr. Panneh
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. Panneh
 
Intro to pharmacology
Intro to pharmacologyIntro to pharmacology
Intro to pharmacology
 
Introduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi Farah
Introduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi FarahIntroduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi Farah
Introduction of Veterinary pharmacology Somaliland Dr.Osman Abdulahi Farah
 
general pharmacology slide in students of pharmacy
general pharmacology slide in students of pharmacygeneral pharmacology slide in students of pharmacy
general pharmacology slide in students of pharmacy
 
Introduction to pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacologyIntroduction to pharmacology
Introduction to pharmacology
 
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing StudentsIntroduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
Introduction to Pharmacology for Nursing Students
 

Destacado

Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)
Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)
Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)Siti Alias
 
Junk and fast food presentation
Junk and fast food presentationJunk and fast food presentation
Junk and fast food presentationOwais Warraich
 
Effects of fast food power point
Effects of fast food power pointEffects of fast food power point
Effects of fast food power pointAddieHammond
 
Junk food and it's side effects
Junk food and it's side effectsJunk food and it's side effects
Junk food and it's side effectssuman105
 
Presentation fast food
Presentation fast foodPresentation fast food
Presentation fast foodysaxvh
 
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to Pharmacology
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to PharmacologyPharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to Pharmacology
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to PharmacologyMariaJose2001
 
Why fast foods are bad for you?
Why fast foods are bad for you?Why fast foods are bad for you?
Why fast foods are bad for you?Try Food Lovers
 
Chemistry in our daily life
Chemistry in our daily lifeChemistry in our daily life
Chemistry in our daily lifekanishk-rahul
 

Destacado (17)

Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)
Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)
Chapter 5 medicines kumpulan anis(3)
 
JUNK FOOD
JUNK FOODJUNK FOOD
JUNK FOOD
 
Fast Fds
Fast FdsFast Fds
Fast Fds
 
Junk and fast food presentation
Junk and fast food presentationJunk and fast food presentation
Junk and fast food presentation
 
Junk food
Junk foodJunk food
Junk food
 
Processed foods
Processed foodsProcessed foods
Processed foods
 
Effects of fast food power point
Effects of fast food power pointEffects of fast food power point
Effects of fast food power point
 
Sarahs junk food
Sarahs junk foodSarahs junk food
Sarahs junk food
 
Junk food and it's side effects
Junk food and it's side effectsJunk food and it's side effects
Junk food and it's side effects
 
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGYINTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
 
Presentation fast food
Presentation fast foodPresentation fast food
Presentation fast food
 
Impact of Fast Food
Impact of Fast FoodImpact of Fast Food
Impact of Fast Food
 
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to Pharmacology
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to PharmacologyPharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to Pharmacology
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to Pharmacology
 
Junk food
Junk foodJunk food
Junk food
 
Fast food
Fast foodFast food
Fast food
 
Why fast foods are bad for you?
Why fast foods are bad for you?Why fast foods are bad for you?
Why fast foods are bad for you?
 
Chemistry in our daily life
Chemistry in our daily lifeChemistry in our daily life
Chemistry in our daily life
 

Similar a D1 presentation

Basic concepts - Pharmacology
Basic concepts - PharmacologyBasic concepts - Pharmacology
Basic concepts - PharmacologyAdarshPatel73
 
introduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).ppt
introduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).pptintroduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).ppt
introduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).pptRupaSingh83
 
M1 - Pharmacology
M1 - PharmacologyM1 - Pharmacology
M1 - PharmacologyBibul2
 
Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]
Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]
Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]DR .PALLAVI PATHANIA
 
Psychopharmacology.knk
Psychopharmacology.knkPsychopharmacology.knk
Psychopharmacology.knkKamal Kalita
 
Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...
Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...
Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...Dr Ravikiran S
 
chap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptx
chap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptxchap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptx
chap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptxMahnoorFatima92
 
Biopharmaceutics
BiopharmaceuticsBiopharmaceutics
BiopharmaceuticsSa Na
 
Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01
Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01
Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01prasannaslides
 
Introduction to Pharmacology
Introduction to PharmacologyIntroduction to Pharmacology
Introduction to Pharmacologyshabeel pn
 
1. pharmacology (ncm 106)
1. pharmacology (ncm 106)1. pharmacology (ncm 106)
1. pharmacology (ncm 106)JhoneeBalmeo2
 
Introduction of Pharma post rn.pptx
Introduction of Pharma post rn.pptxIntroduction of Pharma post rn.pptx
Introduction of Pharma post rn.pptxPATNIHUSAINIBLOODBAN
 
administration-of-drugs part 1.pptx
administration-of-drugs part 1.pptxadministration-of-drugs part 1.pptx
administration-of-drugs part 1.pptxudayasree k
 

Similar a D1 presentation (20)

Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology
 
Basic concepts - Pharmacology
Basic concepts - PharmacologyBasic concepts - Pharmacology
Basic concepts - Pharmacology
 
introduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).ppt
introduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).pptintroduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).ppt
introduction_to_pharmacology (unit 1).ppt
 
PHARMA-DRUG EVALUATION
PHARMA-DRUG EVALUATIONPHARMA-DRUG EVALUATION
PHARMA-DRUG EVALUATION
 
M1 - Pharmacology
M1 - PharmacologyM1 - Pharmacology
M1 - Pharmacology
 
Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]
Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]
Treatment Aspects & Infection prevention or safety measures [ BMWM]
 
Pharmacology
PharmacologyPharmacology
Pharmacology
 
Psychopharmacology.knk
Psychopharmacology.knkPsychopharmacology.knk
Psychopharmacology.knk
 
Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...
Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...
Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Drug discovery and clinical evalua...
 
chap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptx
chap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptxchap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptx
chap no 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY 1.pptx
 
Biopharmaceutics
BiopharmaceuticsBiopharmaceutics
Biopharmaceutics
 
Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01
Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01
Chapter1 100407021745-phpapp01
 
Introduction to Pharmacology
Introduction to PharmacologyIntroduction to Pharmacology
Introduction to Pharmacology
 
1. pharmacology (ncm 106)
1. pharmacology (ncm 106)1. pharmacology (ncm 106)
1. pharmacology (ncm 106)
 
Introduction of Pharma post rn.pptx
Introduction of Pharma post rn.pptxIntroduction of Pharma post rn.pptx
Introduction of Pharma post rn.pptx
 
Pharma 2012 introduction lec 1 final 2012
Pharma 2012 introduction lec 1 final 2012Pharma 2012 introduction lec 1 final 2012
Pharma 2012 introduction lec 1 final 2012
 
Introduction to Pharmacology & Toxicology
Introduction to Pharmacology & ToxicologyIntroduction to Pharmacology & Toxicology
Introduction to Pharmacology & Toxicology
 
administration-of-drugs part 1.pptx
administration-of-drugs part 1.pptxadministration-of-drugs part 1.pptx
administration-of-drugs part 1.pptx
 
General pharmacology
General pharmacologyGeneral pharmacology
General pharmacology
 
Drug addiction
Drug addictionDrug addiction
Drug addiction
 

Más de Sam Richard

Sam for ITS Dictator 2012
Sam for ITS Dictator 2012Sam for ITS Dictator 2012
Sam for ITS Dictator 2012Sam Richard
 
Strange Meeting Olympians
Strange Meeting OlympiansStrange Meeting Olympians
Strange Meeting OlympiansSam Richard
 
D10 presentation
D10 presentationD10 presentation
D10 presentationSam Richard
 
Dulce et decorum est olympians
Dulce et decorum est olympiansDulce et decorum est olympians
Dulce et decorum est olympiansSam Richard
 
B2 Chemistry Presentation
B2 Chemistry PresentationB2 Chemistry Presentation
B2 Chemistry PresentationSam Richard
 

Más de Sam Richard (20)

Sam for ITS Dictator 2012
Sam for ITS Dictator 2012Sam for ITS Dictator 2012
Sam for ITS Dictator 2012
 
D5 presentation
D5 presentationD5 presentation
D5 presentation
 
D2 presentation
D2 presentationD2 presentation
D2 presentation
 
Strange Meeting
Strange MeetingStrange Meeting
Strange Meeting
 
Strange Meeting Olympians
Strange Meeting OlympiansStrange Meeting Olympians
Strange Meeting Olympians
 
Exposure
ExposureExposure
Exposure
 
The Show
The ShowThe Show
The Show
 
D10 presentation
D10 presentationD10 presentation
D10 presentation
 
D9 presentation
D9 presentationD9 presentation
D9 presentation
 
D8 presentation
D8 presentationD8 presentation
D8 presentation
 
D4 presentation
D4 presentationD4 presentation
D4 presentation
 
D6 presentation
D6 presentationD6 presentation
D6 presentation
 
Dulce et decorum est olympians
Dulce et decorum est olympiansDulce et decorum est olympians
Dulce et decorum est olympians
 
B2 presentation
B2 presentationB2 presentation
B2 presentation
 
B4 presentation
B4 presentationB4 presentation
B4 presentation
 
B6 presentation
B6 presentationB6 presentation
B6 presentation
 
B7 presentation
B7 presentationB7 presentation
B7 presentation
 
B5 presentation
B5 presentationB5 presentation
B5 presentation
 
B2 Chemistry Presentation
B2 Chemistry PresentationB2 Chemistry Presentation
B2 Chemistry Presentation
 
B3 presentation
B3 presentationB3 presentation
B3 presentation
 

Último

Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communicationskatiequigley33
 
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...Shubhanshu Gaurav
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdfSGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdfHongBiThi1
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfHongBiThi1
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaSujoy Dasgupta
 
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024EwoutSteyerberg1
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfDolisha Warbi
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxMAsifAhmad
 
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyFemale Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyMedicoseAcademics
 
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisAdenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisSujoy Dasgupta
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyZurück zum Ursprung
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 

Último (20)

Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
 
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
 
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdfSGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA    .pdf
SGK NGẠT NƯỚC ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY NHA .pdf
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN TOAN KIỀM ĐHYHN RẤT HAY VÀ ĐẶC SẮC.pdf
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
Trustworthiness of AI based predictions Aachen 2024
 
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
Immune labs basics part 1 acute phase reactants ESR, CRP Ahmed Yehia Ismaeel,...
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
 
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyFemale Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
 
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosisAdenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
Adenomyosis or Fibroid- making right diagnosis
 
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
 
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 

D1 presentation

  • 1. D.1 PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS Alyssa Pivniouk Liam Rawson
  • 2. D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY  A drug is any substance, by its chemical nature, that has an influence on the physical or mental functions of the human body.  A medicine or pharmaceutical is a drug that leads to an improvement in health.
  • 3. D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY  Medicines and drugs produce any or all of the following effects: -Alteration of incoming sensory sensations -Alteration of mood or emotions -Alteration of physiological state (eg. consciousness, activity levels, physical coordination
  • 4. D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY  Drugs that target the  Analgesics, stimulants and nervous system, depressants the brain and the perception of stimuli  Drugs that target  Antacids the metabolic processes  Drugs that supplement the  Antibacterials and antivirals body’s natural ability to fight disease-causing organisms
  • 5. D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY Two classes of drugs Depressants- Result in relaxation (alcohol at low concentrations) Stimulants- Result in wakefulness and a sense of well-being (amphetamines, hallucinogens) Some drugs, such as caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana can fit into both categories
  • 6. D.1.1 LIST THE EFFECTS OF MEDICINES AND DRUGS ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY Placebo Effect NOT THIS Placebo: An inert chemical used as a control when testing a drug clinically. Placebo effect: the pharmacological effect on a person who has been given a placebo, rather than an active drug. (affected by mental attitude) It is thought that the placebo effect triggers natural healing processes in the body. ~***Fun Fact***~ ‘Placebo is the Latin word meaning “I shall please”.
  • 7. D.1.2 OUTLINE THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS Procedure:  isolating the new product from existing species (plants, animals) or synthesized chemically/ artificially  subjecting the product to laboratory and clinical pharmacological studies (plant and animal testing) to demonstrate its effectiveness  testing its effective dosage and lethal dosage rates  establishing its therapeutic index / window  testing on humans in an initial clinical trial, on volunteers and patience, half of which are given a placebo  processing the product through other tests elaborating on clinical situations  having it approved by the drug administration, as either an OTC (over the counter) drug or prescription drug
  • 8. D.1.2 OUTLINE THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS Clinical trial: recording the results of treating a group of patients with the drug and comparing them to group of similar patients receiving a different treatment or a placebo Control group: group of patients receiving a placebo Double-blind study: Where the patients, the doctors and the drug company analysts do not know which patients receive what drug.
  • 9. D.1.2 OUTLINE THE STAGES INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF NEW PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS Thalidomide Had been subjected to toxicity test before marketed but critics have stated that these were superficial and incomplete. Not tested for birth defects and led to 10,000 deformed babies with phocomelia Also led to peripheral neuropathy in the mothers
  • 10. D.1.3 DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF ADMINISTERING DRUGS
  • 11. D.1.4 DISCUSS THE TERMS THERAPEUTIC WINDOW, TOLERANCE AND SIDE-EFFECTS Therapeutic Window: range of a drug's concentration in the blood between its therapeutic (ED50) and its toxic (LD50) level.
  • 12. D.1.4 DISCUSS THE TERMS THERAPEUTIC WINDOW, TOLERANCE AND SIDE-EFFECTS  Tolerance: When a larger dose of the drug is required in order to achieve the effect originally obtained by a smaller dose  Acute tolerance: Occurs within a single exposure to the drug  Chronic tolerance: Occurs gradually as the drug is taken repeatedly  Cross-tolerance: Can develop between alcohol and other sedative/hypnotic drugs.
  • 13. D.1.4 DISCUSS THE TERMS THERAPEUTIC WINDOW, TOLERANCE AND SIDE-EFFECTS  SideEffects: Any effect other than the intended effect of drug treatment.