This is a sample of the Internal Assessment for CSEC Physical Education.

1. CANDIDATE NAME: Samantha Khan
SCHOOL: St. Augustine Girls’ High School
CENTER NUMBER:
CANDIDATE NUMBER:
TERRITORY: Trinidad and Tobago
SBA: Physical Education

2. Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Introduction
History of Badminton
-International History
-Local History
Rules of the Game
-Standard Rules
-Modified Rules
My Role in the Tournament
Reasons for choosing Role
Other Roles chosen
Injury Report
Injury Report
Injury Report
Preventing Injuries
Treating Injuries
-Soft Tissue
-Hard Tissue

3. Reflections
-Overall Reflections
-Working with Group Members
-Personal Reflections
Conclusion
References
Pictures
Appendices

4. Acknowledgements
Firstly, I would like to acknowledge our school principal, Mrs.
Kathleen Anderson for allowing us to be able to host the Badminton
Competition for the S.B.A.
Secondly, I would like to thank the Form Two department for
enthusiastically taking part in the competition.
Thirdly, I would also like to thank all of the other group members for
their cooperation and for allowing the competition to be a success.
In conclusion however, I would like to thank everyone who assisted
me throughout the competition.

5. Introduction
The School Based Assessment for Physical Education and Sports
instructs that students are to host a competition with each student taking on
the responsibilities of one role as an official in the tournament. The students
were required to manage every aspect of the tournament such as planning
out games, raising money for prizes, advertising, as well as umpiring each
game.
For the S.B.A., the class was divided into groups and each group was
asked to decide upon a sport for which the tournament must be hosted. Each
member of the group was responsible for a certain aspect of the tournament.
Our group choose the sport of Badminton.
Badminton was chosen because the group decided that it would be an
exciting sport on which to hold a tournament. Also, the sport Badminton was
chosen because each member of the group had prior knowledge of the game
as well as experience of playing it. The tournament catered to the students in
form one, as they were all eager and enthusiastic about participating in the
competition and also it would be much easier for the coaches to train them.
Throughout the competition, each student was required to fulfill the
responsibilities of their respective role and report on what they had done.
My S.B.A. is based on the role of the First Aid Officer.

6. History of Badminton
INTERNATIONAL HISTORY
Badminton got its name from the Badminton House in
Gloucestershire, England, the home of the Duke of Beaufort where the sport
was played in the last century. Before Badminton House, there was a game
called ‘Poona’ which was a game played by British army officers stationed
in India. The origins of Badminton dated back at least two thousand years.
Worldwide popularity for the sport surged only after Badminton’s Olympic
debut at Barcelona in 1992. The first major tournament was the Thomas Cup
(World’s Men Championship) in 1948.
Although the history of Badminton originated in England, this
international sport has been largely dominated by Asian countries and
Denmark over the last few decades, countries including Malaysia, China,
South Korea and Indonesia have all produced world class players.
In 1995, Badminton was first played at the Pan American Games.

7. LOCAL HISTORY
Trinidad and Tobago is a nation that greatly promotes and encourages
sports among all the sports-minded individuals. Badminton is one of the
many games played in Trinidad and Tobago, but not many people know the
role this game has played over the years, nor even how it first begun.
Badminton, first called ‘Poona’ was played in India in the 1860’s. In
the 1870’s English soldiers stationed in India introduced the game to
England. Badminton became a popular sport in the Caribbean through the
Pan American Games in the year 1995.
Badminton in Trinidad is clearly an outstanding sport played by many
people. Many successful and outstanding Badminton players came from
Trinidad and Tobago such as Anil Seepaul, Kerwyn Pantin and several
others. Anil Seepaul was the only player from Trinidad and Tobago to defeat
a top Jamaican in the last decade at the Pan American Games in Winnipeg,
Canada. There were also some fine performances from Seepaul at the
Caribbean Championship in Barbados.
Kerwyn Pantin was the Triple Crown winner at both the 2004 and
2005 Solo Open Badminton Championship in Trinidad and Tobago. He won
the men’s singles and doubles and the mixed doubles final matches. He has
been playing Badminton since the year 1997. Badminton has gained
immense popularity in both primary and secondary schools, and there are
competitions held every year for the students to participate in.

8. Rules of the Game
STANDARD RULES
Objective of the Game
The object of the game is the hit the shuttlecock back and forth over a
net without permitting it to hit the floor in bounds on your side of the net.
1) A player may not hit net with a racket or any body part during play.
2) A shuttle may not come to rest or be carried on the racket.
3) A shuttle may hit the net on its way across during play and the rally
can continue.
4) A term of service is called an inning.
5) A player may not reach over the net to hut the shuttle.
6) A loss of serve is called a side out.
7) In class games it will be played to 15 points and a match is 2 out of 3
games.
8) Some types of shots are the lob, drop shot, smash and drive.
Serving
1) A coin toss or spin of the racket determines who will serve first.
2) The serve must travel diagonally to be good.
3) A serve that touches the net and lands in the proper court is called a
let serve and is reserved, otherwise only one serve is permitted to each
court until a side out occurs. A serve that is totally missed may be
tried again.
4) The racket must make contact with the shuttle below the waist on a
serve.
5) The server and receiver must stand within their respective service
courts until the serve is made.
6) Points may only be scored when serving.
7) All lines are considered bounds.
8) In singles, when the server’s score is an even number, the serve is
taken from the right side. When the server’s score is an odd number it
is taken from the left. (Serving in a doubles game is different).

9. MODIFIED RULES
In the tournament, the ‘smash’ was eliminated as the game was being
played at an amateur level.
Footwork is a major part in Badminton as it helps the player to be
more accurate at their shot at the shuttle. However, in the tournament, the
footwork of the player was not greatly emphasized on.

10. My Role in the Tournament
I chose the role of the first aid officer.
ROLES OF THE FIRST AID OFFICER
1) To maintain a First Aid Kit, and apply first aid when required.
2) To work with relevant personnel to devise appropriate procedures in event
of serious of fatal injuries.
3) To distribute information related to prevention and care of sports injuries.
4) To write up reports which detail the cause, and type of injuries and
suggest actions that would prevent future injuries.
5) To identify possible hazards on the field and report to competition
managers.
6) To supply competitors adequately with water.

11. REASONS FOR CHOOSING ROLE
First Aid is being able to provide emergency care to a person who is
injured or ill until professional medical treatment is available. First Aid is
very important as it can even help to save someone’s life.
Since this tournament was school based and was not being played at
an international level, the likelihood of major injuries such as fractures and
dislocations were quite minimal.
I choose this role because I always wanted to get the experience of
applying first aid and being able to help injured persons. Also, first aid
application was something I understood both in theory and real life
situations.

12. Other Roles Chosen
Competition Director: Ayisha Joseph
Competition Manager: Christine Sankar
Competition Secretary: Jannah Hunt
Event officials: Jemima Robin
Jodie Persad
Shridevi Mohan
Team Managers: Ariesa Du Quesnay
Sajida Rampersad
Coaches: Felice Bowyer
Naomi Roach
Nequita Ramirez
Kirsty Lourenco
Sports Journalist: Anu Bissessar
First Aid Officers: Samantha Khan
Alexis Prabhudial

13. Injury Report
DATE:
A player from Team E fell down and hit her knee on an attempt to hit the
shuttle.
INJURY TYPE: Soft Tissue
The player was hit on the knee. No discoloration noted, but
a lot of pain was experienced by the player.
TREATMENT: Application of the RICE method.
Player was temporarily rested wit Ice Packs
being applied to the affected area. The area was bandaged,
then elevated.
FURTHER ACTIONS TO PREVENT INJURY: Review of the game.
Players should be reminded that
if they are unable to hit the
shuttle, let their partner hit it.
Also if they are falling, fall on
your behind as less damage
would occur.

14. Injury Report
DATE:
One of the players in Team A received a minor scratch on the face.
INJURY TYPE: Soft Tissue
A small shallow scratch about one inch long seemed to have
been caused by contact with a racket. It appeared on the left
cheek.
TREATMENT: The cut was washed with disinfectant and covered with an
adhesive plaster.
FURTHER ACTION TO PREVENT INJURY: Review of rules.
Player should be conscious of
their partners at all times and try
to avoid contact with them.
Also, coaches should go over
the rules of the games with the
players.

15. Injury Report
DATE:
A player in Team E sprained her ankle on an attempt to hit the shuttle.
INJURY TYPE: Soft Tissue
The player sprained her ankle. Slight discoloration was
noted and a lot of pain was experienced by the player.
TREATMENT: Application of the RICE method.
The player was temporarily rested,
with ice packs being applied to the
affected area. The area was bandaged
and then elevated.
FURTHER ACTIONS TO PREVENT INJURY: Review of the game.
Players should wear proper
footwear so injuries would be
less likely sustained.

16. Preventing Injuries
Safety Precautions
1) Competitors were told to eat lunch at least two hours before their
games were to be played so the food would be absorbed by the body
therefore reducing the risk of the player feeling upset during game
play. Also, by eating before, the players would have adequate energy
to play their games.
2) Competitors were encouraged to wear proper clothing (short pants and
loose T. shirt) to play their games. This would give the players
freedom of movement.
3) Absolutely no jewellery was worn during the games.
4) Competitors warmed up and cooled down properly before and after
the games to reduce the risk of a muscle injury.

17. Treating Injuries
Soft Tissue Injuries
1) Bruises: A bruise happens when capillaries under the skin break,
causing bleeding. Usually, the area becomes discolored, swollen and
painful. Apply a cold compress to the affected area. Elevate and
support the bruised area.
2) Cuts and Abrasions: An abrasion happens when the top layer of the
skin has been removed due to friction with a rough surface. Clean
with soap and running water. Pat the cut dry, then cover with an
adhesive bandage.
3) Stitches: A stitch is a sharp pain caused by the sudden contraction of
the diaphragm in the abdominal area. Treat by resting and sitting
down.
4) Cramps: A cramp is the sudden, painful contraction of a muscle.
Massage and gently stretch the muscle. If cramps occur after intense
activity, in which a lot of fluid was lost, drink fluid as well.
RICE Treatment: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation.
The RICE treatment is for sprains, which is the over-stretching or tearing of
a ligament, and strains which is the tearing or pulling of a muscle or tendon.
Rest- Movement keeps the blood leaking. So stay still.
Ice- Apply an ice pack around the injured part for 20-30 minutes. The cold
makes the blood vessels constrict, and this therefore reduces internal
bleeding and pain.
Compression- Bandage the injured part firmly using a crepe bandage. This
also reduces internal bleeding.
Elevation- Support the limb in an elevated position. This reduces blood flow
to the limb because the blood has to flow against gravity.

18. Hard Tissue Injuries
1) Fractures: A fracture is a break in the bone which is of two types.
Simple fractures do not break through the skin, whereas compound
fractures break through the skin layer. Compound fractures often
damage nerves and surrounding muscle tissue. The casualty is kept
still, while the injured part is supported, and if necessary, bleeding
should be stopped. Urgent medical help should be sought
immediately.
2) Stress Fractures: A stress fracture is a common overuse injury.
These are small cracks on the bone. The area is usually tender,
swollen and painful. Use ice treatment and get rest immediately. To
prevent, check footwear, and running action for problems. Also,
running on very hard surfaces for prolonged periods of time should be
avoided.
3) Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when a bone at a joint has been
forced out of its normal position. The area looks deformed and the
player experiences severe pain. Dislocations should be treated as a
fracture. The player should be kept still while the injured part is
supported. Medical help should be sought immediately.

19. Reflections
OVERALL REFLECTIONS
Our badminton tournament turned out to be quite successful despite a
few problems. As the First Aid Officers, I didn’t have much to do unless
someone got injured. Throughout the Badminton tournament, only three
persons were injured. After ensuring that the team members warmed up
properly, and were wearing absolutely no jewellery, I had the chance to
observe each player on court, and generally watch the game.
Tournament game play turned out to be quite aggressive and
competitive as each team really wanted to win and be on top.
However, there seemed to be some bias to some teams by the
officials, who were umpiring the games as the teams were sometimes
awarded a point, even though there was a fault in their service. Also, even
though the shuttle sometimes hit the ceiling which was however an
obstruction, the team was sometimes awarded a point if the shuttle happen to
land on their opponents side. That was somewhat unfair to the other teams
because there was obstruction in the service.
Honestly, I felt that the tournament could have been better organized,
and fair to all the competitors. It could have been better organized in that the
umpiring being less biased and by both the officials and competitors having
a better understanding of the rules of the game.

20. WORKING WITH GROUP MEMBERS
Honestly, I do not particularly like to work in groups, but I always
give my full cooperation whenever I have to work with others. In our group,
most of the members cooperated while quite a few did not.
Aside from doing first aid, I also decided to help out in some coaching
sessions before the tournament. I did this because some of the players were
having difficulty mastering a certain shot and they needed someone to
slowly go through the steps with them.
However, considering the number of people who genuinely helped,
the tournament was a success. It ran rather smoothly except for a few minor
glitches.

21. PERSONAL REFLECTION
It was really a great experience to work on this S.B.A. it took me a
while to gather all the necessary information, and guidelines to write up this
S.B.A. It also took me a while to get the appropriate pictures to include in
the S.B.A.
This S.B.A. was somewhat fun because we, the members of the group
got the experience of hosting a sports tournament. I really enjoyed doing this
S.B.A. because we were allowed to express our opinions which I liked a lot.
A few recommendations would be better organizational skills at the
management level, more consistency among the group members even
though they may not totally agree with each other. Also, if you want the
tournament to run perfectly without any glitches, all the group members
must do what he/she was assigned to do.

22. Conclusion
At the end of the tournament, our group as well as the form one’s
gained an overall better insight of badminton through the badminton
competition. The competition was a great success in that everything ran
rather smoothly. I believe that everyone who was a part of the competition
both management and participants enjoyed it immensely.

23. Reference
* Gallagher R.M., Fountain S., Gee L. (1997). (Physical Education through
diagrams). (2nd Edition). (Oxford University Press.).
* Beashel P., Sibson A., Taylor J. (2001). (The World of Sports Examined).
(2nd Edition). (Nelson Thornes ltd.).
* Lai G. (Caribbean Physical Education 1-2-3)
* www.officialbadminton.com/history_of_badminton.php
* www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/fractures_and_dislocations.html