This document discusses various cardiovascular conditions including: - Valvular heart diseases such as aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis, tricuspid incompetence, mitral incompetence, and pulmonary hypertension. - Congenital heart diseases including atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, and coarctation of the aorta. - Arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation including its causes, complications, management, and use of anticoagulants. Other arrhythmias discussed are causes of syncope. - Coronary artery diseases such as manifestations, diagnosis, and management of myocardial infarction, complications of MI, risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis

1. ILA
Valvular:
- What are the signs of aortic stenosis
- Signs of MS
- Signs of Tricuspid incompetence
- Signs of Mitral incompetence
- Signs of Pulmonary hypertension
- What are the causes of diastolic murmur over mitral area
- Causes of acute mitral incompetence
- Causes of acute aortic incompetence.
Congenital
- Signs of Atrial septal defect
- Signs of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Signs of Fallot's Tetralogy
- Signs of Coarctation of the aorta
Arrhythmia
- Causes of Atrial Fibrillation
- Complications of Atrial Fibrillation
- Management of Atrial Fibrillation
- Indications of use of anticoagulants (Marevan or Rivaroxaban (Xarelto))
- Causes of Syncope
Coronary
- Manifestations of Myocardial infarction
- Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
- Complications of Myocardial infarction
- Management of Acute ST segment Elevation Infarction
- Risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis
- Definition and causes of Unstable angina
Aortic dissection
- Manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Differential diagnosis
Infective Endocarditis

2. - Manifestations (give signs in every system)
- Diagnosis (give Duck Criteria)
- Management
Heart Failure
- Causes of right and left heart failure
- Symptoms and signs of left and right heart failure
- Causes of resistant heart failure
- Causes of acute exacerbation of Heart Failure.
- Management of pulmonary edema
Diagnostic techniques
- What are the indications of Coronary angiography
- Indications of Exercise ECG
- Indications of Transesophageal echo
- Indications of Multi detector Computed Tomography MDCT (MSCT)
- Indications of Thallium Radionuclide study
Problem Solving: Give your diagnosis and differential diagnosis, what
investigations u ask for to verify your diagnosis and what u expect to find in these
investigations.
- Farmer complains of prolonged fever, dyspnea progressive, on examination
there is enlarged tender spleen and mitral systolic murmur.
- 62 year obese man complains of severe lancinating chest pain radiating to
back. On examination BP on R arm 210/110, on left arm 110 /70. There is
aortic early diastolic murmur and LV gallop.
- Female 52 years had pelvic operation 2 days ago (Hysterectomy), she
complains of acute dyspnea, chest pain on left chest that increases with
inspiration, she coughs blood. On exam there are tender swollen firm left
calf muscles. On chest there is pleural rub and diminished air entry on left
lung base.
- Female 51 years with history of rheumatic heart since many years, she now
complains of rapid onset of dyspnea, recent syncope, on examination there
is irregular and rapid pulse.
- Female 67 years diabetic obese on treatment of heart failure from ischemic
heart diasese, recently her dyspnea increased, added paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea, orthopnea, rapid palpitations. She had chest pain that lasted
twenty minutes.
- Old man 81 years, had syncope with injury to his head. On examination his
heart rate is 34 beats per minute.