1. TEAMS AND GROUPS

2. AREAS COVERD
Theories of Groups and Teams
Stages of Group development
Informal Group Dynamics
Group Needs
Teams in Modern Work Place
Leader’s Responsibility
Teams in the Military

4. THEORATICAL FRAMEWORKS
GROUP DYNAMICS
Kurt Leving – 1890 – 1947
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Bruce W. Tuckman
TASK & GROUP MAINTENANCE FUNCIONS
Kenneth D. Benne & Paul Sheats – 1948
GROUP NEEDS
John Adair

5. • FORMING
• STORMING
• NORMING
• PERFORMING
•ADJOURNING

6. FORMING
Desire to be accepted by others
Avoid conflict or controversy
Serious issues and feelings are avoided
Get busy with team routines such as team organization
Gather information and impressions about each other
And about the scope of the task and how to approach it
Comfortable stage to be in

7. STORMING
• As important issues are addressed minor confrontations occur
• These may relate to the work, roles and responsibilities
• Some will consider it is good to attend to the real issues
• Others will wish to remain in the comfort of stage 1
• In most organizations the conflict will be suppressed
• However, it will remain below the surface

8. NORMING
“Rules of Engagement” of the group get established
Scope of the groups tasks are clear and agreed
Individuals understand each other better
They feel part of a cohesive group
Will resist any outside pressure to break up the group

9. PERFORMING
Characterized by a state of interdependence and
flexibility
Trust and understanding with each other is high
Roles and responsibilities change according to the
requirement in a seamless way
Group identity , morale and loyalty are high
All energy directed towards the task in hand

10. ADJOURNING
Task completion and disengagement
Individuals feel pride for what they achieved
Members also feel a sense of loss

11. INFORMAL GROUP DYNAMICS
 Informal Groups form because people have needs that
extend beyond the work itself
Informal groups develop to fill certain emotional, social,
and psychological needs.

12. NEEDS MET BY INFORMAL GROUPS
Sense of belonging
Identity and self esteem
Stress reduction
All for one and one for all

13. GROUP TASK ROLES
Initiator
Information seeker
Opinion seeker’
Information giver
Opinion giver
Elaborator
Co-coordinator
Orienter
Evaluator-critic
Energiser

14. Procedural Technician
Recorder

15. GROUP BUILDING & MAINTENANCE ROLES
Encourager
Harmoniser
Compromiser
Gatekeeper- expediter
Standard setter
Group observer – commentator
Follower

16. INDIVIDUAL ROLES
• Aggressor
• Blocker
• Recognition seeker
• Self-confessor
• Playboy
• Dominator
• Help-seeker
• Special interest pleader

17. GROUP NEEDS

18. TASK NEEDS
Need to accomplish something
Uncompleted task – tension in the team
Urge to complete the task

19. GROUP NEEDS
Need to develop & maintain working relationships
Also called Maintenance Needs
Refers primary to people
How they relate to each other
Maintenance is frequently neglected

20. INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
People bring individual need into groups
People join groups not only to do a task
But also to satisfy their individual needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Group tend to be effective when these needs are met along
with the Group Task & Maintenance Needs

21. POINTS TO PONDER
Always bear in mind the 3 circles model
It is a sketch map of working group life
When a group bogs down look for a needed but a missing
function
Then perform it or get some one else to perform it
Through training y you can learn to perform skillfully a
wide variety of useful member functions

22. TEAMS IN MODERN WORK PLACE
Teams are becoming increasingly popular. Prevalence and
type of teams among Fortune 1000 companies are :
PROJECT TEAMS
Diverse set of employees working together for a specific period
PARALLEL TEAMS
Problem solving or quality teams working parallel to the regular
organization
PERMANENT WORK TEAMS
Self contained work units responsible for manufacturing or
services

23. CROSS FUNCTIONAL TEAMS
Teams made up of individuals from various departments
or functional specialties
5 STEPS for success of CFTs
Choose members carefully
Clear purpose for establishing
All members understand the working of CFT
Intensive team building up front
Achieve noticeable results

24. VIRTUAL TEAMS
Use advanced information technology
Knowledge based tasks performed from remote locations
Key for effective use: SYNCHRONOUS TECHNOLOGIES
Effective due to being :
Flexible
Driven by information and skills rather than time and location

25. SELF MANAGED TEAMS
Empowered to hire , organize , and purchase equipment
without management direct approval
Increased:
Job satisfaction
Customer service
Team commitment
Research indicates greater productivity

26. LEADERS CORE RESPONSIBILITY

27. TEAM WORK IN THE MILITARY

28. OPERATION WADAMARACHCHI

40. QUALITIES OF A MILITARY TEAM
Courage
Training
Leadership
Tactics, techniques and procedures (SOPs)
Enjoy what you do
Selflessness
Ultimate sacrifice

41. THANK YOU