FP7 RESPECT Project: Steering Committee Meeting

1. Surveillance and Use of ICT for Social
Control in Different Cultures: Emerging
Trends in Europe, Iran and other
Countries
Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeleti
Tampere University of Technology
FP7 RESPECT Project
Steering Committee Meeting
June 13, 2012

2. Coverage
• Government
• Police and Security (Hardware and Software)
• Road Traffic Control
• Airport Control
• Healthcare Technology
• Other forms of surveillance

3. Surveillance and Use of ICT for Social Control
Iran

4. Government: National Internet in Iran
• Government moving ahead with plans for National Internet (From
2011). Functional by August 2012
• Aggressively restrict Internet freedom, Blocks access to outside world
• Creating thier own ’clean’ Internet
• Is heavily requlated by the government
• Government determine the websites to be accessible
• Creat national electronic main service and search engine (Ya Hagh)
• Content available in national Internet is tightly controlled
• Close all citizens access to International Internet => Proxy and VPN
• Allow Banks, ministeries and big companies continue accessing to
International Internet => Discrimination

5. Government: Filtering in Iran
• Filtering/ sensorship
• All Social Networks
• BBC, VOA, CNN and …
• Youtube, Yahoo messenger, Skype, MSN
• All outside Iranian websites
• In 2006, 6000 websites and blogs had been filtered
• In 2009, 5 million websites and blogs had been blocked

6. Government: March 2012: China vs. Iran
• Government surveillance
• China sold a sophisticated surveillance equipment to
Telecommunication Company in Iran
• 98.6 million Euro contract, how despite tightening global
sanctions signed in December 2010
• Illustrates, Iran manage to obtain the technology
• Iran uses the equipment to track possible dissenters at
home by monitoring personal landline, mobile and
Internet communications of potential dissidents

7. Government: Media and communication
• During the protests in 2009, the government
began more strictly monitoring Skype, which
made it difficult to keep in touch with people
over the Skype
• Citizens use proxies to communicate
• Citizens (protesters) use mobile phones to tell the
stories from the street to outside world
• Mobile phones protestors are using are not safe
and authorities can easily track them

8. Government control over the Media
• TV, Radio, Cinema and Internet are not privately
owned (Tightly controlled by the government)
• No private ISPs (who uses Internet? How many
bytes or GB is used?)
• A special court has authority to monitor the print
media and may suspend publication
• Information detrimental to the national interest
are banned
• All media facing censorship, dictatorship and
suppression
• Iranian Cinema Under Siege
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OBAJnvOh4c

9. State Media Control Extends To Provinces,
Airwaves
• Iranian government steer public perceptions
through media restrictions are not limited to
mainstream newspaper
• They curb access to foreign satellite broadcasts
• Use of radar and camera in air control

10. RFID and automated toll system
• RFID is now used for automatic toll payment
• Government control over the citizen’s
travelling
• Use of the technology to spy on people and
control their social and political movements

11. Police + 10
• Police +10 offices in every Zone in big cities
• Offer police e-services:
Issue of passport
Enforcement services (Bill payment)
Identification services
License
Family services
Public services
Military services
Fuel Card Services
Car numbering and registration
http://www.epolice.ir

12. Surveillance and Use of ICT for Social Control
Other Examples

13. EU data retention directive
• The EU Data retention directive
• Enabling law enforcement authorities to ascertain the
identity of a person using a public network to communicate
by mobile, fixed line, email, or internet telephony
• Landline and mobile companies + ISPs are collecting info
• Numbers called, time and duration of call, customer name
except the content - would have to be recorded and stored
for between six months and two years
• Police and security agencies can request access to details,
with permission to access the information granted only by a
court
• For access to be granted to stored data under the EU
directive, a request must meet requirements under Section
8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

14. Australia Follows EU Example
• Following the EU data retention directive
• Australian government surveillance powers over its
citizens
• ISPs asked to store the browsing and calling logs of
Australian subscribers for three months at a time
• On Sep 01, 2010, Western Australian judge made it
legal for Wilson Parking (a private company) to have
unrestricted access to 10,000 names in the Dept of
Transport's database to seek out parking offenders and
fine them

15. March 2012: France vs. Google
• Google controls all user’s activities
• Sending user’s information of one service to another service
• By login -> Google controls the activities -> identifys the
interest -> sends email and ads to your gmail
Government of France: Google is Vague and incomprehensible
French regulatory agency criticizes Google about French user’s
privacy

16. Police and Security (PS): CCTV
• CCTV Cameras (Video Surveillance)
5 to 10% growth in the coming 4 to 5 years (Video
Surveillance & VCA Group IMS Research: Italy)
Switching to IP Cameras (IP Security)
SD to HD
CCTV as a service
Future focus is on access control and security than
security equipment (Samsung)

17. PS: CCTV Examples
USA: SkyWatch (Police State of America)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVRxNWraLsc
UK: Mobile CCTV in Dartford (Available for hire for anti-
social behavior in social events)
Westminster Police in London: Mobile CCTV -> black spots
areas -> busy and winding streets -> keen to use latest
mobile tech => creating tailored mobile CCTV (IP Cameras,
excellent quality) unit (Van) to dramatically improve
surveillance
CCTV UK Market in 2010 for the security equipment was
1.2 Billions Dollars (Gary Wong of IMS Research)

18. PS: China
China: CCTV Cameras (fast-growing
surveillance industry)
CCTV in entire country
Watch over University campuses,
Hospitals, Mosque, Theaters
Control political and religious dissidents
(The New York Times)
Loksag, a Tibetan Buddhist monk in
Gansu Province said quote “ There are
video cameras all over our monastery,
and their only purpose is to make us
feel fear.” (The New York Times)

19. PS: Face Recognition
• Face Scanner & Facial Recognition
Scan-> Capture-> Upload-> Recognized
USA: FBI’s Operational Technology
Division (Operation failure in FBI
(Resolution, Position, Lighting, Image
detail and System Maintenance)
www.fbi.gov
Australia: “Potent Tool” by Australian
Federal Police for linking criminals to
crime. Australia is at the forefront in FR
technologies

20. PS: Face-Tek
USA, Australia and Taiwan: Face-Tek face
recognition core technology -> Integrating
R&D from USA, Australia and Taiwan
Access control system
Identification system (1:N)*
Verification system (1:1)
GateKeeper (Application access
control)+*
Login control system*
www.face-tek.com

21. PS: NotiFace II
 NotiFace II: Face recognition surveillance system
Analyses the input from CCTV cameras
Compare the image with database
Recognize
Can distinguish the visitor as VIP, stranger or in blacklist with different
warning alarm
Applications: (Taiwan)
Law Enforcement, Airports, Casinos, Clubs, Sport arenas, Banks &
Buildings requiring high security
www.face-tek.com

22. PS:IZENSE
• Voice / Speech Recognition
IZENSE's voice recognition technology
Hong Kong, China
Mainly for mobile phones
‘Listen' to discrete commands
Understand conversations
Current tech: Lie Detector
Expected Future: Integration of IZENSE's tech with lie detector
tech
Expected users: Police, Private investigation surveillance, HR
(Job Interview), Law enforcement, Justice
www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjVVNuraly8

23. PS: ThermoVison
• Thermal Imaging and Sensors
USA Department of Defense and Military :
ThermoVision 2000/3000 Series. QWIP Sensors
20 KMs, day/ night sensor, mapping
software, GPS, digital magnetic compass,
intelligent alarming, control with Windows
Based Software Console

24. PS: Smarter Surveillance
• Software for Smarter Surveillance
Software that automatically detect human
motion, behavior, facial expressions and
generates a running commentary of what’s
happening .
HERMES (Human-expressive representations of
motion and their evaluation in sequences) project:
Team of researchers from five European countries
Funding from the ICT strand of the EU’s Sixth
Framework Programme for research

25. Road Traffic Control (RTC): CCTV
• CCTV Cameras
Finland: CCTV and Road Management
Tool (Finnish Transport Agency)
Working with IBM to built a single view of
road and traffic info. One single view and
utilizing this complete view to analyze
info.

26. RTC: Iran
Secret police car surveillance, Speed recognition
camera and police surveillance parked, CCTV
cameras, Gas station
Still high road traffic injuries in Iran
30,000 people die annually
Main Supplier: Middle East ITS
(Dubai, Tehran)
http://www.middleeast-its.com

27. RTC: Auto-Driving Car
• Auto-Driving Car (Toyota)
Designed by Google
First used in Nevada, USA
No accident
Nevada Police had to change the
driving rules and regulation on April 2012
California is now changing the driving
rules in order to use the car
Uses:
Camera(Detects movements), Radar system, GPS and Laser
system

28. Airport Control
• Body Scanning Technology
Anti-Terrorist Security System
Does not recognize face
Still does not cover all the risks
USA: Available in at least 19 US airports
EU: Limited use in European airports
(limited to passengers approval)

29. Healthcare Technology
• Personal Health System (PHS)
PHS2007 Research is funded by FP7
Use of ICT in PHS and enable distance monitoring
Monitor-> Diagnose-> Treat
Patients visit clinic or hospitals when they are already so
ill
ICT offers:
New generation of lightweight monitoring systems
Patient can wear while going about their daily business
System provide:
Reliable data, transmit them to remote locations

30. Other Surveillance Tech
• NFC (Near Field Communication)
Control over the crowded areas,
restaurants, hotels, hospitals and
etc.
Duty: Personal info reading (ID card),
payment, ticketing, booking, data and
info sharing, access control

31. Other Form of Surveillance
• Research plan is sent to FP7: ICT
• Automated Software System and Architecture
Software surveillance
Monitoring the behavior and activities of
software or service users
Add and remove feature

32. Conclusion
• People are the objects of surveillance
• I do not mind if others are the subject to
surveillance, but I do mind if I am the subject. (If I
am an honorable citizen, then surveillance is an
unnecessary action and may even be insulting)
• Not knowing whether there is surveillance, what
the scope of that surveillance is, who is carrying
out the surveillance and what will be done with
the data can make people feel uncomfortable
• However, public and society suppose to benefit
from surveillance by the authorities

33. Conclusion
• Technology Export Control: Surveillance
Technology (ST) sales should be closely
monitored (Monitoring approach differs in
different countries)
• No sales of ST to repressive regimes (Syria:
People will die earlier)
• Local trade shows and conferences to be held to
increase public awareness and education
• More regulation on who should sell and buy
• Tighter regulation in less developed countries

34. Thank you for your kind attention
I welcome your questions,
Suggestions and Comments!
Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeleti
Fatemeh.AhmadiZeleti@tut.fi