SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 54
Español Grammar Book Lily James
Table of ContentsFirstSemester 1. Preterite 2. PreteriteTriggers 3. Car, Gar, Zar verbs 4. SpockVerbs 5. Cucaracha verbs 6. Snake Verbs 7. SnakeyVerbs 8. Imperfect 9. ImperfectTriggers 10. ImperfectIrregulars 11. Preterite vs. Imperfect 11. Ser vs Estar 12. Verbslike Gustar 13. Comparatives / Superlatives 14. TransitionWords 15. El Futuro 16. FutureTriggers 17. FutureIrregulars 18. Por 19. Para 20. Por and Para Set Expressions
Preterite -ER/IR -AR -é -aste -ó -amos -aron -í -iste -ió -imos -ieron
-car –gar –zarVerbs in the Preterit ONLY IN FIRST PERSON (YO FORM)
Spock Preterit Verbs ,[object Object]
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueronD/V ,[object Object]
iste
io
imos
ieronDar Ser Ver Ir Hacer ,[object Object]
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicieron,[object Object]
Snake Verbs in the Preterit
Snakey Verbs
Imperfecto
IMPERFECT TRIGGER WORDS
Irregular Imperfecto
Preterit vs Imperfect
SER vs ESTAR HELPING:  Health, Emotions, Location, Present Condition, ING (-ando e –iendo) DOCTORPED: Discription, occupation, Characteristics, Time, Origin, Relationships, Possession, Events, Dates
Verbs like Gustar Aburrir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Quedar Doler Disgustar Hacer falta Preocupar Sorprender Apetecer Caer bien/mal Me Te Le Nos Les
Comparatives/Superlatives Más: La casa es grande. El granero es MÁS grande QUE la casa. El castillo es EL MÁS grande DE todos. Menos: Este dinosaurio es feroz. Este dinosaurio es MENOS feroz WUE el otro. Este dinosaurio es EL MENOS feroz DEL mundo. Bueno -> Mejor	Malo -> Peor	Vieja -> Mayor	Joven -> Menor Good -> BetterBad -> WorstOld -> Older	Young -> Younger Bueno: La manzana es buena. El platano es MEJOR QUE la manzana. Las cerezas son LAS MEHORES DE todos las frutas. Joven: Los hijos son jóvenes. La madre es MENOR QUE el padre. El hijo es EL MENOR DE todos. Malo: El chocolate caliente es malo. El té es PEOR QUE el chocolate caliente. El café es EL PEOR DE todos las bebidas calientes Viejo: El abuelo es viejo. El padre es MAYOR QUE la madre. El abuelo es EL MAYOR DE la familia. Más o menos con números: Hay MÁS DE cinco elefantes. Hay MENOS DE siete elefantes. Para decir “more than” o “lessthan” con numeros. Comparativos de Igualdad: Sofía es TAN bonita COMO Penélope.
Connecting/Transition Words Aunque- eventhough También- also Mientras-while A pesar be- in spite of Pero- but Por lo tanto- therefore Sin embargo/no obstante-nevertheless
Futuro (will) Yo -> infinitivo + é Tú -> infinitivo + ás El, Ella, Usted -> infinitivo + á Nosotros -> infinitivo + emos Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes -> infinitivo + án ¡El Futuro es muy brillante!
FutureTriggers Manana… El Proximo … En el futuro… En seis semanas… En ocho días…
Futuro Irregular Decir – Dir Hacer – Har Poner – Pondo Salir – Saldr Tener – Tendr Valer –Valdr Poder – Podr Querer – Querr Saber – Sabr Caber – Cabr Haber – Habr Endings -é -ás -á -emos -án
Por vs Para Por Para For when something is done…surprise PARAty Destination…PARAguay The purpose for which something is done…PARAsites To express an opinion… PARAdon me, but… To comPARA and contrast To express idea of deadline…PARAmedic Passing through…PORtal General rather than specific location…PORtugal How long something lasts…PORever The cause of something…PORpose An exchange …imPORt/exPORt Doing something in place of or instead of someone else… I’m POR, pay for me. A means on transPORtation
Por and Para Set Expressions Por Por favor Día por día Por dentro Por fin Por ahora Por amor de Dios Por aquí Por poco Para Para mi Estar para Para otra vez Para que Ser tal para cual Para variar
Table of Contents 2nd Semester Conditional ConditonalIrregulars Perfect Tenses Past Present Presentperfectirregs Subjunctiveperfect Tan and Tanto Impersonal “se” Saber vs Conocer Los Mandatos Imformal/Formal Affirmative Nevative Irregs DOP placement IOP placement Nosotros commands Mono verbs Subjunctive & Irregs Triggers Impersonal ecpressions Expressions of emotion Conjuction of times DemonstrativeAdj’sand Pronouns
Conditional: WouldShouldCould FormedliketheFuture (infinitive + ending) Endings: ía      --íamos ías ía      --ían (These are thesameendingsforthe imperfecto er/ir)
ConditionalIrregulars Caber-cabr- haber-habr- poder-podr- querer-querr- saber-sabr- Poner-pondr- Tener-tendr- Valer-valdr- Venir-vendr- Decir-dir- Hacer-har- Salir-saldr-
Perfect Tenses: PastPerfect PresentPerfect Presentperfectirregs Subjunctiveperfect    Participial endings -ar-ado-er/ir-ido
PastPerfect To form the past perfect, use the imperfect of haber plus the masculine singular form of the past participle: habíahablado I had spoken habíashabladoyou had spoken habíahabladohe/she had spoken habíamoshabladowe had spoken habíaishabladoyouhad spoken habíanhabladothey had spoken Participial endings -ar-ado-er/ir-ido
PresentPerfect To form the present perfect, use the present tense of haber plus the masculine singular form of the past participle: he hablado   I have spoken has habladoyou have spoken ha habladohe/she has spoken hemoshablado we have spoken habéishabladoyou have spoken hanhabladothey have spoken
PresentPerfectIrregulars abrir       (open)       abierto cubrir      (cover)      cubierto escribir    (write)      escrito morir       (die)        muerto poner       (put)        puesto solver     (-solve)     -suelto romper      (break)      roto volver      (return)     vuelto satisfacer  (satisfy)    satisfecho decir       (say / tell)     dicho hacer       (do / make)  hecho ver            (see)            visto
SubjunctivePerfect The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb formed with the subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle of the main verb. Ex: HABLAR Yohayahablado Túhayashablado Él/ella/Ud. hayahablado Nosotroshayamoshablado Ellos/as/Uds. hayanhablado
Tan and Tanto Tan…como…  (as…as…) Tan is used with adjectives and adverbs Ex: Conduzco tan despacio como puedo. Tanto…como… (as much/many…as) Tanto is used with nowns and verbs Ex: Ella tiene tanto miedo como yo.
Impersonal “Se” Impersonal expressions are used when the subject of a verb is unspecified (but is human). They are mostly used to make general statements and to express rules. Ex: Se necesita que la genteproteja la Tierra. (It's necessary that people protect the Earth.) Se habla españolaquí. (Spanish is spoken here.)
Saber vs Conocer Saber means to know a fact or to know how to do something. Conocer means to know someone or to be familiar with someone, something, or somewhere. 
Tú AffirmativeCommands Tú form Drop s    Ex: Compra el anillo. Escribe la tarea. Compra los libros. Come la patata.
Tú NegativeCommands Yo form Oppositeending Add s Add no beforethecommand and the DOP Ex: No cantes No escribas
Tú Irregular Commands TVDISHES Decir- Di Hacer- Haz Ir- Ven Poner- Pon Salir- Sal Ser- Sé Tener- Ten Venir- Ven
Ud. and Uds. Affirmative Commands Yo form Oppositeedding For Uds. Add n totheending Ex: Ud. ayude Uds. ayuden
Ud. and Uds. NegativeCommands Same rules for Ud. and Uds. Affirmative Add “no” beforethecommand and the DOP Ex: No compre No compren
Ud. and Uds. Negative Saber Ud: sepa Uds: sepan Ser Ud: sea Uds: sean Ir Ud: vaya Uds: vayan Dar Ud: dé Uds: den Estar Ud: Esté Uds: Estén
DOP placement Affirmative commands: Attach DOP to end of command Ex: ¡Cómpralas! (Addaccentto preserve sound) NegativeCommands: Place the DOP in front of thecommand and behindthe “no.” Ex: ¡No las compres!
DOP’s Me Te Lo La Os Nos Los Las
IOP Placement Affirmative Commands: Attach IOP between the Command and the DOP Ex: Prepáramelo Negative Commands:
IOP’s Me Te Le Nos Os Les

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Presentación tiempos verbales ingles
Presentación tiempos verbales inglesPresentación tiempos verbales ingles
Presentación tiempos verbales inglesAgnelyta
 
Grammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishGrammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishannpear
 
Grammar book2 s
Grammar book2 sGrammar book2 s
Grammar book2 sForrestB
 
Grammar book2 s
Grammar book2 sGrammar book2 s
Grammar book2 sForrestB
 
Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.
Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.
Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.matthewy13
 
Grammar Book!
Grammar Book!Grammar Book!
Grammar Book!allybove
 
Grammar book final jp
Grammar book final jpGrammar book final jp
Grammar book final jpjpollack96
 
Spanish grammer book
Spanish grammer bookSpanish grammer book
Spanish grammer bookladybug4321
 
Grambookrecent
GrambookrecentGrambookrecent
Grambookrecenthcmswim
 
Jazera Presentation : Dark Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Dark Color VersionJazera Presentation : Dark Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Dark Color VersionMadlis
 
Jazera Presentation : Light Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Light Color VersionJazera Presentation : Light Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Light Color VersionMadlis
 
Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2maddiiiix3
 

La actualidad más candente (17)

Presentación tiempos verbales ingles
Presentación tiempos verbales inglesPresentación tiempos verbales ingles
Presentación tiempos verbales ingles
 
Grammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanishGrammar book for spanish
Grammar book for spanish
 
Grammer book final
Grammer book finalGrammer book final
Grammer book final
 
Grammar book2 s
Grammar book2 sGrammar book2 s
Grammar book2 s
 
Grammar book2 s
Grammar book2 sGrammar book2 s
Grammar book2 s
 
Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.
Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.
Español 3 Grammer Book- Mateo Y.
 
Grammar Book!
Grammar Book!Grammar Book!
Grammar Book!
 
Grammar book 2
Grammar book 2Grammar book 2
Grammar book 2
 
Grammar book final jp
Grammar book final jpGrammar book final jp
Grammar book final jp
 
Spanish grammer book
Spanish grammer bookSpanish grammer book
Spanish grammer book
 
Grambookrecent
GrambookrecentGrambookrecent
Grambookrecent
 
Gramatica Inglés
Gramatica InglésGramatica Inglés
Gramatica Inglés
 
Eddin barrios
Eddin barriosEddin barrios
Eddin barrios
 
Jazera Presentation : Dark Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Dark Color VersionJazera Presentation : Dark Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Dark Color Version
 
Jazera Presentation : Light Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Light Color VersionJazera Presentation : Light Color Version
Jazera Presentation : Light Color Version
 
Joscelyn roldan
Joscelyn roldanJoscelyn roldan
Joscelyn roldan
 
Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2Grammar book #2
Grammar book #2
 

Destacado

Feral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pub
Feral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pubFeral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pub
Feral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pubStanley Garland
 
Davis top frequent words
Davis top  frequent wordsDavis top  frequent words
Davis top frequent wordsRmoe77
 
Requirements Simplified Rod Hardman
Requirements Simplified   Rod HardmanRequirements Simplified   Rod Hardman
Requirements Simplified Rod HardmanRod Hardman
 
A Mi Burro
A Mi BurroA Mi Burro
A Mi BurroNoeliaRG
 
Las palabras 51 to 100 high frequency
Las palabras 51 to 100 high frequencyLas palabras 51 to 100 high frequency
Las palabras 51 to 100 high frequencyRmoe77
 
Question words small file spanish
Question words small file spanishQuestion words small file spanish
Question words small file spanishRmoe77
 
Verbs with -g in the Yo form
Verbs with -g in the Yo formVerbs with -g in the Yo form
Verbs with -g in the Yo formStanley Garland
 
The most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricks
The most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricksThe most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricks
The most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricksRmoe77
 
Direct object pronouns 2
Direct object pronouns 2Direct object pronouns 2
Direct object pronouns 2Stanley Garland
 

Destacado (20)

Dic logistica
Dic logisticaDic logistica
Dic logistica
 
Feral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pub
Feral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pubFeral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pub
Feral hogs-in-georgia-free-informational-pub
 
Demonstrative circles
Demonstrative circlesDemonstrative circles
Demonstrative circles
 
Davis top frequent words
Davis top  frequent wordsDavis top  frequent words
Davis top frequent words
 
Requirements Simplified Rod Hardman
Requirements Simplified   Rod HardmanRequirements Simplified   Rod Hardman
Requirements Simplified Rod Hardman
 
A Mi Burro
A Mi BurroA Mi Burro
A Mi Burro
 
Las palabras 51 to 100 high frequency
Las palabras 51 to 100 high frequencyLas palabras 51 to 100 high frequency
Las palabras 51 to 100 high frequency
 
Le présent
Le présentLe présent
Le présent
 
Spanish ir
Spanish irSpanish ir
Spanish ir
 
Ser singular forms
Ser singular formsSer singular forms
Ser singular forms
 
family vocab sheet
family vocab sheetfamily vocab sheet
family vocab sheet
 
Preterite verbs
Preterite verbsPreterite verbs
Preterite verbs
 
Question words small file spanish
Question words small file spanishQuestion words small file spanish
Question words small file spanish
 
Verbs with -g in the Yo form
Verbs with -g in the Yo formVerbs with -g in the Yo form
Verbs with -g in the Yo form
 
The most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricks
The most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricksThe most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricks
The most frequently used 50 words in Spanish, cognates, mnemonics, memory tricks
 
Direct object pronouns 2
Direct object pronouns 2Direct object pronouns 2
Direct object pronouns 2
 
hacer part 2
hacer part 2hacer part 2
hacer part 2
 
Ser y estar
Ser y estarSer y estar
Ser y estar
 
Perfect tense
Perfect tensePerfect tense
Perfect tense
 
Preterite AR Verbs
Preterite AR VerbsPreterite AR Verbs
Preterite AR Verbs
 

Similar a Español grammar book 2 added

Grammar handbook
Grammar handbookGrammar handbook
Grammar handbookCarly Hill
 
Spanish grammar book
Spanish grammar bookSpanish grammar book
Spanish grammar bookaustinmelnick
 
Spanish grammar book
Spanish grammar bookSpanish grammar book
Spanish grammar bookaustinmelnick
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar bookmcoop5
 
Grammar Book
Grammar BookGrammar Book
Grammar Bookgmetropol
 
2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]
2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]
2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]t8ertot4432
 
Honors spanish 2 grammar book
Honors spanish 2 grammar bookHonors spanish 2 grammar book
Honors spanish 2 grammar booktaylorryals
 
Spanish 3 grammar book! good
Spanish 3 grammar book! goodSpanish 3 grammar book! good
Spanish 3 grammar book! goodgudger
 
Grammer book
Grammer bookGrammer book
Grammer bookbridgetk1
 
Grammar book#2
Grammar book#2Grammar book#2
Grammar book#2Sadiaa24
 
Grammar Book
Grammar BookGrammar Book
Grammar Bookcaro_tay
 
Grammer book alejandro
Grammer book alejandroGrammer book alejandro
Grammer book alejandroAlecCohen
 
Spanish 2 grammar concepts
Spanish 2 grammar conceptsSpanish 2 grammar concepts
Spanish 2 grammar conceptsdavidcyancey
 
Grammar book best version
Grammar book best versionGrammar book best version
Grammar book best versionvbshorty9
 
2011 spanish grammar book
2011 spanish grammar book2011 spanish grammar book
2011 spanish grammar bookt8ertot4432
 
Grammer book 2
Grammer book 2Grammer book 2
Grammer book 2madicawood
 

Similar a Español grammar book 2 added (20)

Grammar handbook
Grammar handbookGrammar handbook
Grammar handbook
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Grammar book sp3
Grammar book sp3Grammar book sp3
Grammar book sp3
 
Spanish grammar book
Spanish grammar bookSpanish grammar book
Spanish grammar book
 
Spanish grammar book
Spanish grammar bookSpanish grammar book
Spanish grammar book
 
Grammar book
Grammar bookGrammar book
Grammar book
 
Sem.2 gb
Sem.2 gbSem.2 gb
Sem.2 gb
 
Sem.2 gb
Sem.2 gbSem.2 gb
Sem.2 gb
 
Grammar Book
Grammar BookGrammar Book
Grammar Book
 
2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]
2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]
2011spanishgrammarbook 111207201547-phpapp01[2]
 
Honors spanish 2 grammar book
Honors spanish 2 grammar bookHonors spanish 2 grammar book
Honors spanish 2 grammar book
 
Spanish 3 grammar book! good
Spanish 3 grammar book! goodSpanish 3 grammar book! good
Spanish 3 grammar book! good
 
Grammer book
Grammer bookGrammer book
Grammer book
 
Grammar book#2
Grammar book#2Grammar book#2
Grammar book#2
 
Grammar Book
Grammar BookGrammar Book
Grammar Book
 
Grammer book alejandro
Grammer book alejandroGrammer book alejandro
Grammer book alejandro
 
Spanish 2 grammar concepts
Spanish 2 grammar conceptsSpanish 2 grammar concepts
Spanish 2 grammar concepts
 
Grammar book best version
Grammar book best versionGrammar book best version
Grammar book best version
 
2011 spanish grammar book
2011 spanish grammar book2011 spanish grammar book
2011 spanish grammar book
 
Grammer book 2
Grammer book 2Grammer book 2
Grammer book 2
 

Español grammar book 2 added

  • 2. Table of ContentsFirstSemester 1. Preterite 2. PreteriteTriggers 3. Car, Gar, Zar verbs 4. SpockVerbs 5. Cucaracha verbs 6. Snake Verbs 7. SnakeyVerbs 8. Imperfect 9. ImperfectTriggers 10. ImperfectIrregulars 11. Preterite vs. Imperfect 11. Ser vs Estar 12. Verbslike Gustar 13. Comparatives / Superlatives 14. TransitionWords 15. El Futuro 16. FutureTriggers 17. FutureIrregulars 18. Por 19. Para 20. Por and Para Set Expressions
  • 3. Preterite -ER/IR -AR -é -aste -ó -amos -aron -í -iste -ió -imos -ieron
  • 4.
  • 5. -car –gar –zarVerbs in the Preterit ONLY IN FIRST PERSON (YO FORM)
  • 6.
  • 8. fue
  • 10.
  • 11. iste
  • 12. io
  • 13. imos
  • 14.
  • 16. hizo
  • 18.
  • 19. Snake Verbs in the Preterit
  • 25. SER vs ESTAR HELPING: Health, Emotions, Location, Present Condition, ING (-ando e –iendo) DOCTORPED: Discription, occupation, Characteristics, Time, Origin, Relationships, Possession, Events, Dates
  • 26. Verbs like Gustar Aburrir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Quedar Doler Disgustar Hacer falta Preocupar Sorprender Apetecer Caer bien/mal Me Te Le Nos Les
  • 27. Comparatives/Superlatives Más: La casa es grande. El granero es MÁS grande QUE la casa. El castillo es EL MÁS grande DE todos. Menos: Este dinosaurio es feroz. Este dinosaurio es MENOS feroz WUE el otro. Este dinosaurio es EL MENOS feroz DEL mundo. Bueno -> Mejor Malo -> Peor Vieja -> Mayor Joven -> Menor Good -> BetterBad -> WorstOld -> Older Young -> Younger Bueno: La manzana es buena. El platano es MEJOR QUE la manzana. Las cerezas son LAS MEHORES DE todos las frutas. Joven: Los hijos son jóvenes. La madre es MENOR QUE el padre. El hijo es EL MENOR DE todos. Malo: El chocolate caliente es malo. El té es PEOR QUE el chocolate caliente. El café es EL PEOR DE todos las bebidas calientes Viejo: El abuelo es viejo. El padre es MAYOR QUE la madre. El abuelo es EL MAYOR DE la familia. Más o menos con números: Hay MÁS DE cinco elefantes. Hay MENOS DE siete elefantes. Para decir “more than” o “lessthan” con numeros. Comparativos de Igualdad: Sofía es TAN bonita COMO Penélope.
  • 28. Connecting/Transition Words Aunque- eventhough También- also Mientras-while A pesar be- in spite of Pero- but Por lo tanto- therefore Sin embargo/no obstante-nevertheless
  • 29. Futuro (will) Yo -> infinitivo + é Tú -> infinitivo + ás El, Ella, Usted -> infinitivo + á Nosotros -> infinitivo + emos Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes -> infinitivo + án ¡El Futuro es muy brillante!
  • 30. FutureTriggers Manana… El Proximo … En el futuro… En seis semanas… En ocho días…
  • 31. Futuro Irregular Decir – Dir Hacer – Har Poner – Pondo Salir – Saldr Tener – Tendr Valer –Valdr Poder – Podr Querer – Querr Saber – Sabr Caber – Cabr Haber – Habr Endings -é -ás -á -emos -án
  • 32. Por vs Para Por Para For when something is done…surprise PARAty Destination…PARAguay The purpose for which something is done…PARAsites To express an opinion… PARAdon me, but… To comPARA and contrast To express idea of deadline…PARAmedic Passing through…PORtal General rather than specific location…PORtugal How long something lasts…PORever The cause of something…PORpose An exchange …imPORt/exPORt Doing something in place of or instead of someone else… I’m POR, pay for me. A means on transPORtation
  • 33. Por and Para Set Expressions Por Por favor Día por día Por dentro Por fin Por ahora Por amor de Dios Por aquí Por poco Para Para mi Estar para Para otra vez Para que Ser tal para cual Para variar
  • 34. Table of Contents 2nd Semester Conditional ConditonalIrregulars Perfect Tenses Past Present Presentperfectirregs Subjunctiveperfect Tan and Tanto Impersonal “se” Saber vs Conocer Los Mandatos Imformal/Formal Affirmative Nevative Irregs DOP placement IOP placement Nosotros commands Mono verbs Subjunctive & Irregs Triggers Impersonal ecpressions Expressions of emotion Conjuction of times DemonstrativeAdj’sand Pronouns
  • 35. Conditional: WouldShouldCould FormedliketheFuture (infinitive + ending) Endings: ía --íamos ías ía --ían (These are thesameendingsforthe imperfecto er/ir)
  • 36. ConditionalIrregulars Caber-cabr- haber-habr- poder-podr- querer-querr- saber-sabr- Poner-pondr- Tener-tendr- Valer-valdr- Venir-vendr- Decir-dir- Hacer-har- Salir-saldr-
  • 37. Perfect Tenses: PastPerfect PresentPerfect Presentperfectirregs Subjunctiveperfect Participial endings -ar-ado-er/ir-ido
  • 38. PastPerfect To form the past perfect, use the imperfect of haber plus the masculine singular form of the past participle: habíahablado I had spoken habíashabladoyou had spoken habíahabladohe/she had spoken habíamoshabladowe had spoken habíaishabladoyouhad spoken habíanhabladothey had spoken Participial endings -ar-ado-er/ir-ido
  • 39. PresentPerfect To form the present perfect, use the present tense of haber plus the masculine singular form of the past participle: he hablado   I have spoken has habladoyou have spoken ha habladohe/she has spoken hemoshablado we have spoken habéishabladoyou have spoken hanhabladothey have spoken
  • 40. PresentPerfectIrregulars abrir       (open)       abierto cubrir      (cover)      cubierto escribir    (write)      escrito morir       (die)        muerto poner       (put)        puesto solver     (-solve)     -suelto romper      (break)      roto volver      (return)     vuelto satisfacer  (satisfy)    satisfecho decir       (say / tell)  dicho hacer       (do / make)  hecho ver          (see)        visto
  • 41. SubjunctivePerfect The present perfect subjunctive is a compound verb formed with the subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle of the main verb. Ex: HABLAR Yohayahablado Túhayashablado Él/ella/Ud. hayahablado Nosotroshayamoshablado Ellos/as/Uds. hayanhablado
  • 42. Tan and Tanto Tan…como… (as…as…) Tan is used with adjectives and adverbs Ex: Conduzco tan despacio como puedo. Tanto…como… (as much/many…as) Tanto is used with nowns and verbs Ex: Ella tiene tanto miedo como yo.
  • 43. Impersonal “Se” Impersonal expressions are used when the subject of a verb is unspecified (but is human). They are mostly used to make general statements and to express rules. Ex: Se necesita que la genteproteja la Tierra. (It's necessary that people protect the Earth.) Se habla españolaquí. (Spanish is spoken here.)
  • 44. Saber vs Conocer Saber means to know a fact or to know how to do something. Conocer means to know someone or to be familiar with someone, something, or somewhere. 
  • 45. Tú AffirmativeCommands Tú form Drop s Ex: Compra el anillo. Escribe la tarea. Compra los libros. Come la patata.
  • 46. Tú NegativeCommands Yo form Oppositeending Add s Add no beforethecommand and the DOP Ex: No cantes No escribas
  • 47. Tú Irregular Commands TVDISHES Decir- Di Hacer- Haz Ir- Ven Poner- Pon Salir- Sal Ser- Sé Tener- Ten Venir- Ven
  • 48. Ud. and Uds. Affirmative Commands Yo form Oppositeedding For Uds. Add n totheending Ex: Ud. ayude Uds. ayuden
  • 49. Ud. and Uds. NegativeCommands Same rules for Ud. and Uds. Affirmative Add “no” beforethecommand and the DOP Ex: No compre No compren
  • 50. Ud. and Uds. Negative Saber Ud: sepa Uds: sepan Ser Ud: sea Uds: sean Ir Ud: vaya Uds: vayan Dar Ud: dé Uds: den Estar Ud: Esté Uds: Estén
  • 51. DOP placement Affirmative commands: Attach DOP to end of command Ex: ¡Cómpralas! (Addaccentto preserve sound) NegativeCommands: Place the DOP in front of thecommand and behindthe “no.” Ex: ¡No las compres!
  • 52. DOP’s Me Te Lo La Os Nos Los Las
  • 53. IOP Placement Affirmative Commands: Attach IOP between the Command and the DOP Ex: Prepáramelo Negative Commands:
  • 54. IOP’s Me Te Le Nos Os Les
  • 55. Nosotros Commands Foraffirmative Putverb in the nosotros form in thepresent tense. Ex: Hablamos. Fornegative Puttheword “no” beforethesameverbform Ex: No hablamos.
  • 56. Nosotros Commands: Mono Verbs Afirmative commands: The final “s’ of the verb formed is dropped before adding the pronoun “nos” English: Let us Ex: Sentemos + nos = Sentémonos.
  • 57. Present subjunctive The subjunctive is not a tense. It is a mood. The mood reflects how the speaker feels about the action.
  • 58. Present Subjunctive Irregs Dar Dé, des, dé, demos, den Estar Esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Haber Haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan Ser Sea, seas, sea, seamos, sean Ir Vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan Saber Sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61. Conjuctions of Time for the Subjunctive To form: Take the indicative when the action in the subordinate clause is either habitual or in the past. The subjunctive is used when the main clause is a command or in the future. Ex: Asi que- as soon as Cuando- when Despues de que- after En cuanto- as soon as Hasta que- until Luego que- as soon as Tan pronto como- as soon as
  • 62. DemonstrativeAdjectives Adjectivesthat are meanttopointsomethingout. In english: that, this, those, these Singular DemostrativeAdjectives (masculine) Este (this) Ese (that) Aquel (thatoverthere) Singular DemostrativeAdjectives (feminine) Esta (this) Esa (that) Aguella (thatoverthere)
  • 63. DemonstrativeAdjectives (cont) Plural DemonstrativeAdjectives (M) Estos (these) Esos (those) Aquellos (thoseoverthere) Plural DemonstrativeAdjectives (F) Estas (these) Esas (those) Aquellas (thoseoverthere)
  • 64. Demostrative Pronouns Wordsthatreplacenouns in a sentence. Examples in english: This, that, those, these Singular DemonstrativePronouns (M) éste (this) ése  (that) aquél  (that over there) Plural Demonstrative Pronouns (M) éstos (these) ésos (those) aquéllos (those over there)
  • 65. DemostrativePronouns (cont) Singular DemostrativePronouns (F) ésta (this) ésa (that) aquélla  (that over there) Plural Demonstrative Pronouns (F) éstas (these) ésas (those) aquéllas (those over there) Gender Neutral Demonstrative Pronouns Esto Eso Aquello