SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 20
Behavioral Integrity Ideas for Today and Tomorrow ©2008 Semih Altinay
Vision Statement ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
Goal and Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
Today’s Situation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
How Did We Get Here? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
Available Options ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
“… managers who show greater Behavioral Integrity have more committed employees who provide better service, which leads to happier guests and higher profits.” ©2008 Semih Altinay
Recommendation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
John C. Maxwell’s Irrefutable Laws of Leadership ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of the Lid ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Influence ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Process ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Navigation ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Respect ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Magnetism ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Buy-In ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
The Law of Legacy ,[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
Recommendation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
Recommendation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],©2008 Semih Altinay
Questions?

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Accountability At Work
Accountability At WorkAccountability At Work
Accountability At Workjoutlaw
 
Importance of ethics in the workplace
Importance of ethics in the workplaceImportance of ethics in the workplace
Importance of ethics in the workplaceGary Eastes
 
Workplace ethics
Workplace ethicsWorkplace ethics
Workplace ethicsDinesh Mani
 
Accountability PowerPoint
Accountability PowerPointAccountability PowerPoint
Accountability PowerPointJustin Hodges
 
Influencing skills
Influencing skillsInfluencing skills
Influencing skillsoyestontech
 
Ownership and Accountability Training Slideshow
Ownership and Accountability Training SlideshowOwnership and Accountability Training Slideshow
Ownership and Accountability Training SlideshowAsha Uniyal
 
Personal Leadership Presentation
Personal Leadership PresentationPersonal Leadership Presentation
Personal Leadership PresentationRdonnovan
 
Ownership & Accountability
Ownership & AccountabilityOwnership & Accountability
Ownership & AccountabilityNeeru Kumari Jha
 
Solving problems as a leader
Solving problems as a leaderSolving problems as a leader
Solving problems as a leaderST. JAMES COLLEGE
 
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint PresentationWorkplace Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint PresentationAndrew Schwartz
 
Ethical Leadership Ambassadors Training
Ethical Leadership Ambassadors TrainingEthical Leadership Ambassadors Training
Ethical Leadership Ambassadors TrainingYoussef Gaboune
 
Accountability in the workplace
Accountability in the workplaceAccountability in the workplace
Accountability in the workplaceAntwi Adeyinka
 
Integrity at workplace.
Integrity at workplace.Integrity at workplace.
Integrity at workplace.Mafhub
 
Why integrity at work matters
Why integrity at work mattersWhy integrity at work matters
Why integrity at work mattersHamilton Lindley
 
The Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. Meyer
The Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. MeyerThe Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. Meyer
The Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. MeyerDr. Michael Clarke
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Accountability At Work
Accountability At WorkAccountability At Work
Accountability At Work
 
Importance of ethics in the workplace
Importance of ethics in the workplaceImportance of ethics in the workplace
Importance of ethics in the workplace
 
LEADERSHIP POWERPOINT
LEADERSHIP POWERPOINTLEADERSHIP POWERPOINT
LEADERSHIP POWERPOINT
 
Workplace ethics
Workplace ethicsWorkplace ethics
Workplace ethics
 
Accountability PowerPoint
Accountability PowerPointAccountability PowerPoint
Accountability PowerPoint
 
Influencing skills
Influencing skillsInfluencing skills
Influencing skills
 
Workplace Ethics
Workplace EthicsWorkplace Ethics
Workplace Ethics
 
Professionalism & Work Ethic
Professionalism & Work EthicProfessionalism & Work Ethic
Professionalism & Work Ethic
 
Ethics in the Workplace!
Ethics in the Workplace!Ethics in the Workplace!
Ethics in the Workplace!
 
Ownership and Accountability Training Slideshow
Ownership and Accountability Training SlideshowOwnership and Accountability Training Slideshow
Ownership and Accountability Training Slideshow
 
Personal Leadership Presentation
Personal Leadership PresentationPersonal Leadership Presentation
Personal Leadership Presentation
 
Ownership & Accountability
Ownership & AccountabilityOwnership & Accountability
Ownership & Accountability
 
Solving problems as a leader
Solving problems as a leaderSolving problems as a leader
Solving problems as a leader
 
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint PresentationWorkplace Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
 
Ethical Leadership Ambassadors Training
Ethical Leadership Ambassadors TrainingEthical Leadership Ambassadors Training
Ethical Leadership Ambassadors Training
 
Accountability in the workplace
Accountability in the workplaceAccountability in the workplace
Accountability in the workplace
 
Integrity at workplace.
Integrity at workplace.Integrity at workplace.
Integrity at workplace.
 
Why integrity at work matters
Why integrity at work mattersWhy integrity at work matters
Why integrity at work matters
 
Accountability: Is Your Team Accountable?
Accountability:  Is Your Team Accountable?Accountability:  Is Your Team Accountable?
Accountability: Is Your Team Accountable?
 
The Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. Meyer
The Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. MeyerThe Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. Meyer
The Five Pillars of Leadership: How to bridge the leadership gap Paul J. Meyer
 

Similar a Integrity Presentation

From Value to Values: Why Management Has to Change
From Value to Values: Why Management Has to ChangeFrom Value to Values: Why Management Has to Change
From Value to Values: Why Management Has to ChangePeter Stevens
 
CTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a Startup
CTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a StartupCTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a Startup
CTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a StartupNish Mahanty
 
Lean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business ModellingLean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business Modellingcanvazify
 
Lean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business ModellingLean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business ModellingAbhijit Mhetre
 
Successful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companies
Successful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companiesSuccessful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companies
Successful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companiesNigel Beck
 
Add on services For the PCO
Add on services For the PCOAdd on services For the PCO
Add on services For the PCOPCO Bookkeepers
 
Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...
Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...
Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...NanakNaamJahaaj
 
Part Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business Ownership
Part Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business OwnershipPart Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business Ownership
Part Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business OwnershipVal Slastnikov
 
Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?
Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?
Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?Edunomica
 
CMG UK overview rev May 2016
CMG UK overview  rev May 2016CMG UK overview  rev May 2016
CMG UK overview rev May 2016CMG UK
 
CMG UK overview May 2016
CMG UK overview May 2016CMG UK overview May 2016
CMG UK overview May 2016CMG UK
 
Lead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership Conference
Lead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership ConferenceLead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership Conference
Lead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership ConferenceJonathan D Nicholas
 
Reducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of Lean
Reducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of LeanReducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of Lean
Reducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of Leanjoumberger
 
July 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINAL
July 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINALJuly 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINAL
July 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINALLaura Roach
 
Aligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate Budgeting
Aligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate BudgetingAligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate Budgeting
Aligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate BudgetingKenny Ong
 
Mathieu M Leger Presentation
Mathieu M Leger PresentationMathieu M Leger Presentation
Mathieu M Leger PresentationMathieu Leger
 

Similar a Integrity Presentation (20)

From Value to Values: Why Management Has to Change
From Value to Values: Why Management Has to ChangeFrom Value to Values: Why Management Has to Change
From Value to Values: Why Management Has to Change
 
CTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a Startup
CTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a StartupCTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a Startup
CTO School Melbourne 2017 - Getting Started at a Startup
 
Ind agent webinar
Ind agent webinarInd agent webinar
Ind agent webinar
 
Lean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business ModellingLean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business Modelling
 
Lean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business ModellingLean Startup & Business Modelling
Lean Startup & Business Modelling
 
Successful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companies
Successful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companiesSuccessful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companies
Successful Management Information projects in FTSE100 companies
 
Mending The Broken Promise
Mending The Broken PromiseMending The Broken Promise
Mending The Broken Promise
 
Add on services For the PCO
Add on services For the PCOAdd on services For the PCO
Add on services For the PCO
 
Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...
Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...
Clientretentionadilemma19junewebinarfinal 13468883786428-phpapp01-12090518410...
 
Part Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business Ownership
Part Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business OwnershipPart Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business Ownership
Part Nine - Pros And Cons Of Business Ownership
 
Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?
Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?
Sunil Mundra: Fаst-paced Change-Threat Or Opportunity?
 
CMG UK overview rev May 2016
CMG UK overview  rev May 2016CMG UK overview  rev May 2016
CMG UK overview rev May 2016
 
CMG UK overview May 2016
CMG UK overview May 2016CMG UK overview May 2016
CMG UK overview May 2016
 
Lead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership Conference
Lead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership ConferenceLead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership Conference
Lead Management Cash Cow or Mad Cow - Century 21 Leadership Conference
 
Reducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of Lean
Reducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of LeanReducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of Lean
Reducing Waste and Cost Through People Side of Lean
 
The world has been changing
The world has been changingThe world has been changing
The world has been changing
 
Innovation at Amazon
Innovation at AmazonInnovation at Amazon
Innovation at Amazon
 
July 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINAL
July 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINALJuly 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINAL
July 23 Retail Webinar (OS_IBM_ISR)_FINAL
 
Aligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate Budgeting
Aligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate BudgetingAligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate Budgeting
Aligning Budgeting To Corporate Planning - ABF Conference on Corporate Budgeting
 
Mathieu M Leger Presentation
Mathieu M Leger PresentationMathieu M Leger Presentation
Mathieu M Leger Presentation
 

Último

NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023
NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023
NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023Steve Rader
 
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig OnlineTo Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Onlinelng ths
 
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry WebinarLive-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry WebinarNathanielSchmuck
 
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfGraham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfAnhNguyen97152
 
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agencyAnyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agencyHanna Klim
 
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdfPDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdfHajeJanKamps
 
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfTalent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfCharles Cotter, PhD
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access
 
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZMihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZKanakChauhan5
 
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing ExamplesIntellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing Examplesamberjiles31
 
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptxIntroduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptxJemalSeid25
 
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdfChicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdfSourav Sikder
 
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês  em formato pptPlano de marketing- inglês  em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato pptElizangelaSoaresdaCo
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentationbaron83
 
Developing Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, Ours
Developing Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, OursDeveloping Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, Ours
Developing Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, OursKaiNexus
 
7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.ukaroemirsr
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.mcshagufta46
 
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsUpgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsIntellect Design Arena Ltd
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...Khaled Al Awadi
 

Último (20)

NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023
NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023
NASA CoCEI Scaling Strategy - November 2023
 
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig OnlineTo Create Your Own Wig Online  To Create Your Own Wig Online
To Create Your Own Wig Online To Create Your Own Wig Online
 
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry WebinarLive-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
Live-Streaming in the Music Industry Webinar
 
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdfGraham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
Graham and Doddsville - Issue 1 - Winter 2006 (1).pdf
 
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agencyAnyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
Anyhr.io | Presentation HR&Recruiting agency
 
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdfPDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
PDT 88 - 4 million seed - Seed - Protecto.pdf
 
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdfTalent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
Talent Management research intelligence_13 paradigm shifts_20 March 2024.pdf
 
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global B2B Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
Borderless Access - Global Panel book-unlock 2024
 
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZMihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
Mihir Menda - Member of Supervisory Board at RMZ
 
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing ExamplesIntellectual Property Licensing Examples
Intellectual Property Licensing Examples
 
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptxIntroduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
Introduction to The overview of GAAP LO 1-5.pptx
 
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdfChicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer Chicago Medical Malpractice Lawyer.pdf
 
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês  em formato pptPlano de marketing- inglês  em formato ppt
Plano de marketing- inglês em formato ppt
 
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor PresentationMoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
MoneyBridge Pitch Deck - Investor Presentation
 
Developing Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, Ours
Developing Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, OursDeveloping Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, Ours
Developing Coaching Skills: Mine, Yours, Ours
 
7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk7movierulz.uk
7movierulz.uk
 
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
A flour, rice and Suji company in Jhang.
 
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking ApplicationsUpgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
Upgrade Your Banking Experience with Advanced Core Banking Applications
 
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...NewBase  25 March  2024  Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
NewBase 25 March 2024 Energy News issue - 1710 by Khaled Al Awadi_compress...
 

Integrity Presentation

  • 1. Behavioral Integrity Ideas for Today and Tomorrow ©2008 Semih Altinay
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. “… managers who show greater Behavioral Integrity have more committed employees who provide better service, which leads to happier guests and higher profits.” ©2008 Semih Altinay
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.