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MySQL Cluster Training
                                 presented by severalnines.com




                                                                      Address:
                                                               SeveralninesAB
 Contact:
                                                            c/o SICS, Box 1263
 services@severalnines.com
                                                              Isafjordsgatan22
                                                               SE-164-29 Kista


Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                              Control your database infrastructure   1
Full Training Agenda (1/4)
       •    MySQL Cluster Introduction
              –   MySQL eco system
              –   Scale up, scale out, and sharding
              –   MySQL Cluster Architecture
              –   Use cases
              –   Features
              –   Node types and Roles
       •    Detailed Concepts
              –   Data Distribution
              –   Verifying data distribution
              –   Access Methods
              –   Partitioning
              –   Node failures and failure detection
              –   Network Partitioning
              –   Transactions and Locking
              –   Consistency Model
              –   Redo logging and Checkpointing
       •    Internals
              –   NDB Design Internals


Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                          Control your database infrastructure   2
Agenda (2/4)

       •    Installing MySQL Cluster
              –   Setting up MySQL Cluster
              –   Starting/stopping nodes
              –   Recovery and restarts
              –   Upgrading configuration
              –   Upgrading Cluster
       •    Performance Tuning (instructor-led only; contact us at services@severalnines.com)
              –   Differences compared to Innodb/MyISAM
              –   Designing efficient and fast applications
              –   Identifying bottlenecks
              –   Tweaking configuration (OS and MySQL Cluster)
              –   Query Tuning
              –   Schema Design
              –   Index Tuning




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                        Control your database infrastructure   3
Agenda (3/4)

       •    Management and Administration
              –   Backup and Restore
              –   Geographical Replication
              –   Online and offline operations
              –   Ndbinfo tables
              –   Reporting
              –   Single user mode
              –   Scaling Cluster
       •    Disk Data
              –   Use cases
              –   Limitations
              –   Best practice configuration
       •    Designing a Cluster
              –   Capacity Planning and Dimensioning
              –   Hardware recommendations
              –   Best practice Configuration
              –   Storage calculations



Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                          Control your database infrastructure   4
Agenda (4/4)

       •    Resolving Issues
              –   Common problems
              –   Error logs and Tracefiles
              –   Recovery and Escalation procedures
       •    Connectivity Overview
              –   NDBAPI
              –   Cluster/J
              –   LDAP
       •    Severalnines Tools
              –   Monitoring and Management
              –   Benchmarking
              –   Sandboxes
              –   Configuration and capacity planning
       •    Conclusion




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                          Control your database infrastructure   5
Agenda: Lab Exercises
            (only applicable to instructor-led training classes)


       •    Lab Exercises
              –   Installing and Loading data into MySQL Cluster
              –   Starting/stopping nodes, recovery
              –   Query tuning
              –   Backup and Restore
              –   Configuration Upgrade


       •    Would you like to try something particular?
              –   This is possible too, speak with your instructor




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                       Control your database infrastructure   6
Prerequisites
       •    Readers / Participants have understanding of SQL and basic database concepts.

       •    Laptops/PCs for hands-on exercises
       •    Linux: 1GB RAM
       •    Windows: 2GB RAM
       •    Approx. 20GB disk space and Virtualbox installed.
       •    Virtualbox can be downloaded for free at http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads

       •    MySQL Cluster version 7.1 or later




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                                  Control your database infrastructure   7
8th Installment
              Severalnines Cluster Self-Training


                                 Part 7: Disk Data




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                       Control your database infrastructure   8
Topics covered in Installment 8

       • Use cases
       • Limitations
       • Best practice configuration




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB             Control your database infrastructure   9
Use Cases For Disk Data

       • By default MySQL Cluster tables store data in RAM
       • If there is more data than RAM then disk data tables
         can be used.
       • Disk data tables works in a similar way as innodb
         with
              – Innodb_flush_log_at_tx_commit=2
              – Both use a bufferpool (innodb_buffer_poolvsdiskpagebuffer)
                to cache data (LRU).
              – Innodb disk tables are usually performing better for index
                scans that hits the disk.




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                             Control your database infrastructure   10
Use Cases For Disk Data

       • Avoid long running transactions and big
         UPDATEs/DELETEs. Instead, divide work into
         chunks:
              – DELETE … LIMIT 1000;
                     • Or TRUNCATE TABLE to empty the table
              – UPDATE nnn SET .. WHERE x=y LIMIT 1000;
       • JOINs, even pushed will be slow on Disk Data tables.




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                Control your database infrastructure   11
In-Memory vs Disk Data Tables

       • Transparency
              – Accessing disk data/in-memory tables is the same from the
                users' point of view
       • Performance
              – In-memory tables should be used for RT traffic
              – Queries hitting the disk will be slow, like any DB. Avoid the
                disk with caches and/or us SSD.




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                Control your database infrastructure   12
Use Cases For Disk Data

       • Disk data tables are usually used for applications
              – That does not require <5ms response time
       • Examples:
              – Log / archival data
              – MMS/SMS messages
       • There are sites with > 3TB of data in disk data tables.
       • It is possible to have both memory and disk data
         tables at the same time.
       • Don’t store e.g, images/videos in BLOBs, regardless
         if you use Disk Data tables or In-memory tables.
         They are better kept on the filesystem, and only meta
         data should be kept inside the database.

Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                             Control your database infrastructure   13
Concepts

       • Data is stored in TABLE SPACEs
              – There can be several table spaces
       • A TABLE SPACE contains
              – one or more data files
              – more data files can be added online
       • One LOGFILE GROUP is associated with each table
         space and contains
              – One UNDO BUFFER
                     • The size cannot be changed later on!
              – One or more UNDO LOG files
              – There can be only one LOGFILE GROUP
              – More undo files can be added online


Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                Control your database infrastructure   14
Concepts

       • Non-indexed columns are stored on DISK.
       • Indexed columns are stored in RAM (DataMemory).
       • VAR* columns on disk are treated as fixed size (up to
         and including MySQL Cluster 7.1)
              – VARBINARY(1024)  1024B of storage
                         INDEXED        COLUMN             DATATYPE
                         YES            ID                 BIGINT
                         NO             DATA1              VARBINARY(1024)
                         YES            TS                 TIMESTAMP


                                   ID        TS     DATA1
                                   1         1111   aaaa
                                   2         2222   bbbbbb




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                         Control your database infrastructure   15
Disk Data Tables

       • DiskPageBufferMemory is a LRU page cache
                                                          Data Node 0

                           LQH                                    PGMAN             LGMAN

                                                                                   DiskPageBufferMemory
               ACC               TUP
                                                                                   #ref     DATA1
                                       DataMemory
                 IM
                                 ID    TS          #ref
                                              P0
                                 1     1111        &11




                      REDOBUFFER



                      1…                                                &11 aaaa                                1…

              REDO LOG                   LCP                   TABLESPACE                           UNDOLOG
Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                                            Control your database infrastructure   16
Disk Data Tables - READ

       • Cache miss – read page from TABLESPACE
                                                          Data Node 0

                           LQH                                    PGMAN             LGMAN

                                                                                   DiskPageBufferMemory
               ACC               TUP
                                                                                   #ref     DATA1
                                                                                            P0
                                       DataMemory                                  &11      aaaa
                 IM
                                 ID    TS          #ref
                                              P0
                                 1     1111        &11




                      REDOBUFFER



                      1…                                                &11 aaaa                                1…

              REDO LOG                   LCP                   TABLESPACE                           UNDOLOG
Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                                            Control your database infrastructure   17
Disk Data Tables - WRITE

       • Cache miss – read page from TABLESPACE
                                                               Data Node 0

                           LQH                                         PGMAN           LGMAN

                                                                                      DiskPageBufferMemory
               ACC                    TUP
                                                                                     #ref      DATA1
                                                                                               P0
                                            DataMemory                               &11       aaaa
                 IM                                                                  &22       bbbb
                                      ID    TS          #ref
                                                   P0
                                      1     1111        &11
                                      2     2222        &22



                      REDOBUFFER



                      1…         2…                                          &11   &22bbbb                         1…        2…

              REDO LOG                        LCP                   TABLESPACE                         UNDOLOG
Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                                               Control your database infrastructure   18
Configuration Parameters

       • DiskPageBufferMemory=4096M
              – Similar to the Innodb_buffer_pool_size
              – The bigger, the more records can be cached, increases
                probability the data is cached, which increases performance
              – Updates/inserts are perfomed in the cache and later
                checkpointed to the table space.
       • SharedGlobalMemory=512M
              – Allocate between 64-128M for the UNDO_BUFFER
              – Meta data structures are also allocated from this resource.




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                               Control your database infrastructure   19
CREATING THE LOGFILE GROUP

       CREATE LOGFILE GROUP lg ADD UNDOFILE
       ‘undo_0.dat’ INITIAL_SIZE=20G
       UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE=128M ENGINE=NDB;

       • This creates a LOGFILE GROUP with one
         UNDOFILE that is 20GB in size.
              – More Undo files can be added later (online, no downtime):
              – ALTER LOGFILE GROUP lg ADD UNDOFILE
                ‘undo_1.dat’ INITIAL_SIZE 20GB ENGINE=NDB;
       • The UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE is set to 128M RAM,
         requires a SharedGlobalMemory=512M


Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                              Control your database infrastructure   20
CREATING THE TABLESPACE

       CREATE TABLESPACE ts_0 ADD DATAFILE
       'data_0.dat' USE LOGFILE GROUP lg
       INITIAL_SIZE=100G ENGINE=NDB;

       • This creates a TABLESPACE ts_0 with one
         DATAFILE that is 100GB in size.
       • More datafiles and more tablespaces can be
         created/added online:
              – ALTER TABLESPACE ts_0 ADD DATAFILE
                'data_1.dat' INITIAL_SIZE=100GB ENGINE=NDB;




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                  Control your database infrastructure   21
CREATING A TABLE IN A TABLESPACE

       CREATE TABLE t1 (
          a INTEGER AUTO PRIMARY KEY,
          b VARBINARY(2048))
          ENGINE=ndb
          TABLESPACE ts_0 STORAGE DISK;
       • Column ’b’ will be stored in table space ts_0. Column
         ’a’ will be stored in DataMemory.




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                   Control your database infrastructure   22
Storage Subsystem

       • There are for parts that wants to be written to disk:
              – LCP
              – REDOLOG (the same redo log files are used for disk data
                tables and in memory tables
              – UNDO LOG
              – TABLESPACE
       • In many cases you can put:
              – On one disk partition:
                     • LCP/REDO LOG/ UNDO LOG
              – On another disk partition
                     • TABLESPACE
                     • If you are going to READ a lot from the TABLESPACE, then
                       use SSD for the TABLESPACE data files


Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                                   Control your database infrastructure   23
Storage Subsystem

       • SAS 10K RPM or 15K RPM disks are proven to work
         very well.
       • A good disk layout can look like:
              – RAID 1+0 (4 disks) for LCP/REDO/UNDO
              – RAID 1+0 (4 disks) for TABLESPACE
              OR
              – RAID 1+0 (4 disks) for LCP/REDO
              – RAID 1+0 (4 disks SAS) for TABLESPACE/UNDO
       • The main point here is that LCP/REDO/UNDO files
         are only written too. TABLESPACE files are both
         READ/WRITE, and READs are most commonly
         RANDOM.
              – Again, use SSD or a separate set of disks for TABLESPACE
                data if you will issue READ requests.

Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                           Control your database infrastructure   24
Monitor DiskData with ClusterControl

       • ClusterControl monitors your tablespace




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                 Control your database infrastructure   25
Summary

       • UNDOLOG – written “all the time”
              – Circular, WAL (write ahead logging)
       • Tablespace – pages checkpointed from
         DiskPageBufferMemory
              – First DataMemory is LCPd
              – Then DiskPageBufferMemory
       • A large DiskPageBufferMemory cache is very
         important for performace
              – After dimensioning as much RAM as possible should be
                allocated to the DiskPageBufferMemory.
       • Use in-memory tables when response times are
         critical.
       • A good fast disk subsystem is needed
Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                           Control your database infrastructure   26
Coming next in Installment 9:

                                 Designing a Cluster




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                         Control your database infrastructure   27
We hope these training slides are
                        useful to you!

            Please visit our website to view the
               next section of this training.

       For any questions, comments, feedback or to
        book a training class, please contact us at:

                        services@severalnines.com

                                 Thank you!

Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                Control your database infrastructure   28
Disclaimer

 © Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB. All rights reserved.

 Severalnines& the Severalnineslogo(s) are trademarks of Severalnines AB.

 MySQL is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

 Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.




Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB                           Control your database infrastructure   29

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Severalnines Self-Training: MySQL® Cluster - Part VIII

  • 1. MySQL Cluster Training presented by severalnines.com Address: SeveralninesAB Contact: c/o SICS, Box 1263 services@severalnines.com Isafjordsgatan22 SE-164-29 Kista Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 1
  • 2. Full Training Agenda (1/4) • MySQL Cluster Introduction – MySQL eco system – Scale up, scale out, and sharding – MySQL Cluster Architecture – Use cases – Features – Node types and Roles • Detailed Concepts – Data Distribution – Verifying data distribution – Access Methods – Partitioning – Node failures and failure detection – Network Partitioning – Transactions and Locking – Consistency Model – Redo logging and Checkpointing • Internals – NDB Design Internals Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 2
  • 3. Agenda (2/4) • Installing MySQL Cluster – Setting up MySQL Cluster – Starting/stopping nodes – Recovery and restarts – Upgrading configuration – Upgrading Cluster • Performance Tuning (instructor-led only; contact us at services@severalnines.com) – Differences compared to Innodb/MyISAM – Designing efficient and fast applications – Identifying bottlenecks – Tweaking configuration (OS and MySQL Cluster) – Query Tuning – Schema Design – Index Tuning Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 3
  • 4. Agenda (3/4) • Management and Administration – Backup and Restore – Geographical Replication – Online and offline operations – Ndbinfo tables – Reporting – Single user mode – Scaling Cluster • Disk Data – Use cases – Limitations – Best practice configuration • Designing a Cluster – Capacity Planning and Dimensioning – Hardware recommendations – Best practice Configuration – Storage calculations Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 4
  • 5. Agenda (4/4) • Resolving Issues – Common problems – Error logs and Tracefiles – Recovery and Escalation procedures • Connectivity Overview – NDBAPI – Cluster/J – LDAP • Severalnines Tools – Monitoring and Management – Benchmarking – Sandboxes – Configuration and capacity planning • Conclusion Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 5
  • 6. Agenda: Lab Exercises (only applicable to instructor-led training classes) • Lab Exercises – Installing and Loading data into MySQL Cluster – Starting/stopping nodes, recovery – Query tuning – Backup and Restore – Configuration Upgrade • Would you like to try something particular? – This is possible too, speak with your instructor Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 6
  • 7. Prerequisites • Readers / Participants have understanding of SQL and basic database concepts. • Laptops/PCs for hands-on exercises • Linux: 1GB RAM • Windows: 2GB RAM • Approx. 20GB disk space and Virtualbox installed. • Virtualbox can be downloaded for free at http://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads • MySQL Cluster version 7.1 or later Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 7
  • 8. 8th Installment Severalnines Cluster Self-Training Part 7: Disk Data Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 8
  • 9. Topics covered in Installment 8 • Use cases • Limitations • Best practice configuration Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 9
  • 10. Use Cases For Disk Data • By default MySQL Cluster tables store data in RAM • If there is more data than RAM then disk data tables can be used. • Disk data tables works in a similar way as innodb with – Innodb_flush_log_at_tx_commit=2 – Both use a bufferpool (innodb_buffer_poolvsdiskpagebuffer) to cache data (LRU). – Innodb disk tables are usually performing better for index scans that hits the disk. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 10
  • 11. Use Cases For Disk Data • Avoid long running transactions and big UPDATEs/DELETEs. Instead, divide work into chunks: – DELETE … LIMIT 1000; • Or TRUNCATE TABLE to empty the table – UPDATE nnn SET .. WHERE x=y LIMIT 1000; • JOINs, even pushed will be slow on Disk Data tables. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 11
  • 12. In-Memory vs Disk Data Tables • Transparency – Accessing disk data/in-memory tables is the same from the users' point of view • Performance – In-memory tables should be used for RT traffic – Queries hitting the disk will be slow, like any DB. Avoid the disk with caches and/or us SSD. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 12
  • 13. Use Cases For Disk Data • Disk data tables are usually used for applications – That does not require <5ms response time • Examples: – Log / archival data – MMS/SMS messages • There are sites with > 3TB of data in disk data tables. • It is possible to have both memory and disk data tables at the same time. • Don’t store e.g, images/videos in BLOBs, regardless if you use Disk Data tables or In-memory tables. They are better kept on the filesystem, and only meta data should be kept inside the database. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 13
  • 14. Concepts • Data is stored in TABLE SPACEs – There can be several table spaces • A TABLE SPACE contains – one or more data files – more data files can be added online • One LOGFILE GROUP is associated with each table space and contains – One UNDO BUFFER • The size cannot be changed later on! – One or more UNDO LOG files – There can be only one LOGFILE GROUP – More undo files can be added online Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 14
  • 15. Concepts • Non-indexed columns are stored on DISK. • Indexed columns are stored in RAM (DataMemory). • VAR* columns on disk are treated as fixed size (up to and including MySQL Cluster 7.1) – VARBINARY(1024)  1024B of storage INDEXED COLUMN DATATYPE YES ID BIGINT NO DATA1 VARBINARY(1024) YES TS TIMESTAMP ID TS DATA1 1 1111 aaaa 2 2222 bbbbbb Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 15
  • 16. Disk Data Tables • DiskPageBufferMemory is a LRU page cache Data Node 0 LQH PGMAN LGMAN DiskPageBufferMemory ACC TUP #ref DATA1 DataMemory IM ID TS #ref P0 1 1111 &11 REDOBUFFER 1… &11 aaaa 1… REDO LOG LCP TABLESPACE UNDOLOG Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 16
  • 17. Disk Data Tables - READ • Cache miss – read page from TABLESPACE Data Node 0 LQH PGMAN LGMAN DiskPageBufferMemory ACC TUP #ref DATA1 P0 DataMemory &11 aaaa IM ID TS #ref P0 1 1111 &11 REDOBUFFER 1… &11 aaaa 1… REDO LOG LCP TABLESPACE UNDOLOG Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 17
  • 18. Disk Data Tables - WRITE • Cache miss – read page from TABLESPACE Data Node 0 LQH PGMAN LGMAN DiskPageBufferMemory ACC TUP #ref DATA1 P0 DataMemory &11 aaaa IM &22 bbbb ID TS #ref P0 1 1111 &11 2 2222 &22 REDOBUFFER 1… 2… &11 &22bbbb 1… 2… REDO LOG LCP TABLESPACE UNDOLOG Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 18
  • 19. Configuration Parameters • DiskPageBufferMemory=4096M – Similar to the Innodb_buffer_pool_size – The bigger, the more records can be cached, increases probability the data is cached, which increases performance – Updates/inserts are perfomed in the cache and later checkpointed to the table space. • SharedGlobalMemory=512M – Allocate between 64-128M for the UNDO_BUFFER – Meta data structures are also allocated from this resource. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 19
  • 20. CREATING THE LOGFILE GROUP CREATE LOGFILE GROUP lg ADD UNDOFILE ‘undo_0.dat’ INITIAL_SIZE=20G UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE=128M ENGINE=NDB; • This creates a LOGFILE GROUP with one UNDOFILE that is 20GB in size. – More Undo files can be added later (online, no downtime): – ALTER LOGFILE GROUP lg ADD UNDOFILE ‘undo_1.dat’ INITIAL_SIZE 20GB ENGINE=NDB; • The UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE is set to 128M RAM, requires a SharedGlobalMemory=512M Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 20
  • 21. CREATING THE TABLESPACE CREATE TABLESPACE ts_0 ADD DATAFILE 'data_0.dat' USE LOGFILE GROUP lg INITIAL_SIZE=100G ENGINE=NDB; • This creates a TABLESPACE ts_0 with one DATAFILE that is 100GB in size. • More datafiles and more tablespaces can be created/added online: – ALTER TABLESPACE ts_0 ADD DATAFILE 'data_1.dat' INITIAL_SIZE=100GB ENGINE=NDB; Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 21
  • 22. CREATING A TABLE IN A TABLESPACE CREATE TABLE t1 ( a INTEGER AUTO PRIMARY KEY, b VARBINARY(2048)) ENGINE=ndb TABLESPACE ts_0 STORAGE DISK; • Column ’b’ will be stored in table space ts_0. Column ’a’ will be stored in DataMemory. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 22
  • 23. Storage Subsystem • There are for parts that wants to be written to disk: – LCP – REDOLOG (the same redo log files are used for disk data tables and in memory tables – UNDO LOG – TABLESPACE • In many cases you can put: – On one disk partition: • LCP/REDO LOG/ UNDO LOG – On another disk partition • TABLESPACE • If you are going to READ a lot from the TABLESPACE, then use SSD for the TABLESPACE data files Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 23
  • 24. Storage Subsystem • SAS 10K RPM or 15K RPM disks are proven to work very well. • A good disk layout can look like: – RAID 1+0 (4 disks) for LCP/REDO/UNDO – RAID 1+0 (4 disks) for TABLESPACE OR – RAID 1+0 (4 disks) for LCP/REDO – RAID 1+0 (4 disks SAS) for TABLESPACE/UNDO • The main point here is that LCP/REDO/UNDO files are only written too. TABLESPACE files are both READ/WRITE, and READs are most commonly RANDOM. – Again, use SSD or a separate set of disks for TABLESPACE data if you will issue READ requests. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 24
  • 25. Monitor DiskData with ClusterControl • ClusterControl monitors your tablespace Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 25
  • 26. Summary • UNDOLOG – written “all the time” – Circular, WAL (write ahead logging) • Tablespace – pages checkpointed from DiskPageBufferMemory – First DataMemory is LCPd – Then DiskPageBufferMemory • A large DiskPageBufferMemory cache is very important for performace – After dimensioning as much RAM as possible should be allocated to the DiskPageBufferMemory. • Use in-memory tables when response times are critical. • A good fast disk subsystem is needed Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 26
  • 27. Coming next in Installment 9: Designing a Cluster Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 27
  • 28. We hope these training slides are useful to you! Please visit our website to view the next section of this training. For any questions, comments, feedback or to book a training class, please contact us at: services@severalnines.com Thank you! Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 28
  • 29. Disclaimer © Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB. All rights reserved. Severalnines& the Severalnineslogo(s) are trademarks of Severalnines AB. MySQL is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright 2011 Severalnines AB Control your database infrastructure 29

Notas del editor

  1. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  2. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  3. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  4. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  5. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  6. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  7. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  8. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  9. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  10. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  11. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  12. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  13. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  14. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  15. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  16. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  17. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  18. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com
  19. Severalnines has been offering its products free of charge since 2007, while the founders were employed at MySQL. These products are the de-facto standard tools to assist MySQL customers and users in deploying their MySQL clusters. More information about Severalnines at www.severalnines.com