SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 42
Descargar para leer sin conexión
•   Marine radars are used to measure the
    bearing and distance of ships to prevent
    collision with other ships, to navigate and
            BASIC ELECTRONICS
    to fix their position at sea when within
    range of shore or other fixed references
    such as islands ,buoys , and lightships.


      TITLE: RADAR AND
          ANTENNA     Brightness can indicate reflectivity as in this
                      1960 weather radar image (of Hurricane Abby).
                      The radar's frequency, pulse form, polarization,
                      signal processing, and antenna determine what it
                      can observe.
What is radar?
•   An object-detection system which
    uses electromagnetic waves
    specifically radio waves to
    determine the range, altitude,
    direction, or speed of both moving
    and fixed objects such as aircraft,
    ships, spacecraft
•   Transmits pulses of radio waves
    or microwaves which bounce off
    any object in their path.
•   The object returns a tiny part of
    the wave's energy to a dish or
    antenna which is usually located
    at the same site as the
    transmitter.
Basic radar operation

• Light waves, radio waves, microwaves, radar waves is
  electromagnetic waves.
• Unlike water waves, electromagnetic waves do not require a
  medium such as water or air to travel through. They can
  travel through a complete vacuum.
• Similar to light waves, radar waves bounce off some objects
  and travel through others.
• The simplest mode of radar operation is determining how far
  away an object is. The radar unit sends radar waves out
  toward the target . The waves hit the target and are reflected
  back.
• The returning wave is received by the radar
  unit and the travel time is registered.
• According to basic principles of physics,
  distance is equal to the rate of travel (speed)
  multiplied by the time of travel.
• All electromagnetic waves travel at the same
  speed in a vacuum—the speed of light which is
  186,282 miles (299,727 kilometers) per second.
  This speed is reduced by a small amount when
  the waves are traveling through air but this
  can be calculated.
How
 does
 radar
work?
RADAR AND ANTENNA
RADAR AND ANTENNA
History of
   radar
    and
Development
RADAR AND ANTENNA
RADAR AND ANTENNA
RADAR AND ANTENNA
RADAR AND ANTENNA
RADAR AND ANTENNA
The USES of radar
• Modern uses of radar are highly diverse
  including
      • air traffic control, radar astronomy, air-
        defense systems, antimissile systems like
        nautical radars to locate landmarks and
        other ships, aircraft anti-collision systems
        for ocean-surveillance systems,
        meteorological precipitation monitoring,
        altimetry and flight-control systems,
        guided-missile target-locating systems and
        ground-penetrating radar for geological
        observations.
• High tech radar systems are associated with
  digital signal processing and are capable of
• ALTAIR - used to detect and track space objects in
 conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan
Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll.




                » Israeli military radar is typical
                of the type of radar used for air
                traffic control. The antenna rotates
                 at a steady rate, sweeping
                the local airspace with a narrow
                vertical fan-shaped beam, to
                detect aircraft at all altitudes.


• This Melbourne base Primary and secondary radar
is used for air traffic control and to observe terminal
area conflicts by VFR local aircraft.
WHAT IS ANTENNA?


An electrical device which
converts electric current
into radio waves, and vice
          versa.
antenna
antenna
antenna
• Also contain reflective or directive
        elements or surfaces not
    connected to the transmitter or
      receiver, such as parasitic
   elements, parabolic reflectors or
    horns, which serve to direct the
   radio waves into a beam or other
       desired radiation pattern.
THE HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTENNA
         First experiments


    Involved the coupling of
  electricity and magnetism and
  showed a definitive relationship
  was that done by Faraday
  somewhere around 1830s
  Creating a time-varying
  magnetic field, which as a
  result (from Maxwell’s
 The coil acted as a loop antenna
  and received the electromagnetic
  radiation, which was received
  (detected) by the galvanometer-
  the work of antenna.
First antenna


    Built in 1888 by German
  physicist Heinrich Hertz in his
  pioneering experiments
    To prove the existence of
  electromagnetic waves predicted by
  the theory of James Clerk Maxwell
    Developed a wireless
  communication system in which he
  forced an electrical spark to occur in
  the gap of a dipole antenna.
    He used a loop antenna as
  receiver, and observed a similar
  disturbance
    This was 1886. Hertz
  placed dipole antennas at the focal
  point of parabolic reflector for both
  transmitting and receiving.
 By 1901, Marconi was sending
  information across the Atlantic. For
  a transmit antenna, he used several
  vertical wires attached to the
  ground.
 In 1901, Columbia University had an
  Experimental Wireless Station
 There are several discovered
  antennas :
Yagi-Uda Antenna (1920s)

It is simple to construct and has a
 high gain, typically greater than
 10dB
operate in the HF and UHF bands
 ( about 3MHz to 3GHz)
The Yagi antenna was invented in
 Japan done by Shintaro Uda
Presented for the first time in
 English by Yagi at America
RADAR AND ANTENNA
Horn Antenna
               (1939)

At UHF (300 MHz-3GHz) and
 higher frequencies will achieved
 to 140 GHz.
Can range up to 25dB in some
 cases
Antenna Arrays (1940s)

• Often called a ‘phased array’ is asset of
  2 or more antennas
• The signals from the antennas are
  combined or processed in order to
  achieve improved performance
Parabolic reflectors
            (late 1940)

 Commonly known as satellite dish
  antenna
 (30-40 dB is common) and low cross
  polarization
 Huge dishes( which can operate from
  150 MHz to 1.5 GHz)
 Smaller dish antenna typically operate
  between 2-28 GHz
 The feed antenna is often a Horn
  antenna with a circular aperture
RADAR AND ANTENNA
Patch Antenna (1970s)

• It printed directly onto a circuit
  board.
• low cost, have a low profile and
  are easily fabricated
PIFA (1980)

 The quarter-wavelength Patch
  Antenna, which leads into the
  Planar Inverted-F antenna (PIFA).
 The patch is shorted at the end
 Has the same current-voltage
  distribution as a half-wave patch
  antenna
 reduced in size 50%.
RADAR AND ANTENNA
THE USE OF ANTENNA
• Radio broadcasting
  A one-way wireless transmission
  over radio wave intended to reach a
  wide audience.
  The signal types can be
  either analog or digital audio.
• Broadcast television
 A mode of television
 broadcasting which does not
 involve satellite transmission or cables
 which is typically using radio waves
 through transmitting and
 receiving antennas or television
 antenna aerials
• Two-way radio
 A radio that can
  both transmit and receive
  (a transceiver), unlike
  a broadcast receiver which only
  receives content
• Communication receiver
 A type of radio receiver used as a
  component of a radio
  communication link
• Cell phone
 A device which can make and receive
 telephone calls over a radio link whilst
 moving around a wide geographic area.
 It does so by connecting to a cellular
 network provided by a mobile network
 operator
• Satellite communication
 An artificial satellite stationed in
 space for the purpose
 of telecommunication
 They are also used for mobile
 applications such as communications to
 ships, vehicles, planes and hand-held
 terminals, and for TV and
 radio broadcasting, for which
 application of other technologies
• Wireless microphone 
 A microphone without a physical
  cable connecting it directly to the
  sound recording or amplifying
  equipment with which it is
  associated
• Wireless computer network
 A wireless local area network (WLAN)
 links two or more devices using some
 wireless distribution method
 (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM
 radio), and usually providing a
 connection through an access point to
 the wider internet
THE END….

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente (20)

Radar
RadarRadar
Radar
 
introduction to radar
 introduction to radar introduction to radar
introduction to radar
 
Helical antenna
Helical antennaHelical antenna
Helical antenna
 
Tracking Radar
Tracking RadarTracking Radar
Tracking Radar
 
Antenna slide
Antenna slideAntenna slide
Antenna slide
 
FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA
FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF ANTENNAFUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA
FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA
 
Polarization
PolarizationPolarization
Polarization
 
Antenna presentation PPT
Antenna presentation PPTAntenna presentation PPT
Antenna presentation PPT
 
Report on radar
Report on radarReport on radar
Report on radar
 
Radio and Radar: Radar
Radio and Radar: Radar Radio and Radar: Radar
Radio and Radar: Radar
 
array and phased array antennna
array and phased array antennnaarray and phased array antennna
array and phased array antennna
 
Antenna arrays
Antenna arraysAntenna arrays
Antenna arrays
 
Radar Basics
Radar BasicsRadar Basics
Radar Basics
 
RADAR
RADARRADAR
RADAR
 
Antenna (2)
Antenna (2)Antenna (2)
Antenna (2)
 
Cw and fm cw radar
Cw and fm cw radarCw and fm cw radar
Cw and fm cw radar
 
Radar fundamentals
Radar fundamentalsRadar fundamentals
Radar fundamentals
 
ANTENNA AND ITS TYPES
ANTENNA  AND ITS TYPESANTENNA  AND ITS TYPES
ANTENNA AND ITS TYPES
 
Principles of RADAR Systems
Principles of RADAR SystemsPrinciples of RADAR Systems
Principles of RADAR Systems
 
Pulse Doppler Radar
Pulse Doppler RadarPulse Doppler Radar
Pulse Doppler Radar
 

Destacado

Radar Powerpoint
Radar PowerpointRadar Powerpoint
Radar PowerpointRyan rice
 
Components of a Pulse Radar System
Components of a Pulse Radar SystemComponents of a Pulse Radar System
Components of a Pulse Radar SystemÜlger Ahmet
 
A Tutorial on Radar System Engineering
A Tutorial on Radar System EngineeringA Tutorial on Radar System Engineering
A Tutorial on Radar System EngineeringTBSS Group
 
Orientation of Radar Antenna
Orientation of Radar AntennaOrientation of Radar Antenna
Orientation of Radar AntennaIOSR Journals
 
Radar communication 2
Radar communication 2Radar communication 2
Radar communication 2Ashwani Kumar
 
1 radar basic -part i 1
1 radar basic -part i 11 radar basic -part i 1
1 radar basic -part i 1Solo Hermelin
 
Smart antenna systems
Smart antenna systems Smart antenna systems
Smart antenna systems Apoorva Shetty
 
ppt on Smart antennas
ppt on Smart antennasppt on Smart antennas
ppt on Smart antennasRitesh Kumar
 
Dictionar tehnic-englez-roman
Dictionar tehnic-englez-romanDictionar tehnic-englez-roman
Dictionar tehnic-englez-romanClimenteAlin
 
Antenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWR
Antenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWRAntenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWR
Antenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWRAndre Fourie
 
16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza
16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza
16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenzateodor0220
 
ppt on radar system
 ppt on radar system ppt on radar system
ppt on radar systemBiswajit Das
 

Destacado (20)

radar technology
radar technologyradar technology
radar technology
 
Radar Powerpoint
Radar PowerpointRadar Powerpoint
Radar Powerpoint
 
Radar Application
Radar ApplicationRadar Application
Radar Application
 
RADAR Basics
RADAR BasicsRADAR Basics
RADAR Basics
 
Military Radar
Military RadarMilitary Radar
Military Radar
 
Components of a Pulse Radar System
Components of a Pulse Radar SystemComponents of a Pulse Radar System
Components of a Pulse Radar System
 
A Tutorial on Radar System Engineering
A Tutorial on Radar System EngineeringA Tutorial on Radar System Engineering
A Tutorial on Radar System Engineering
 
Orientation of Radar Antenna
Orientation of Radar AntennaOrientation of Radar Antenna
Orientation of Radar Antenna
 
Radar communication 2
Radar communication 2Radar communication 2
Radar communication 2
 
1 radar basic -part i 1
1 radar basic -part i 11 radar basic -part i 1
1 radar basic -part i 1
 
Radio direction finder
Radio direction finderRadio direction finder
Radio direction finder
 
Microwave Antenna
Microwave AntennaMicrowave Antenna
Microwave Antenna
 
Smart antenna systems
Smart antenna systems Smart antenna systems
Smart antenna systems
 
ppt on Smart antennas
ppt on Smart antennasppt on Smart antennas
ppt on Smart antennas
 
Antenna
AntennaAntenna
Antenna
 
Dictionar tehnic-englez-roman
Dictionar tehnic-englez-romanDictionar tehnic-englez-roman
Dictionar tehnic-englez-roman
 
Antenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWR
Antenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWRAntenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWR
Antenna parameters part 3 - Input impedance and VSWR
 
16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza
16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza
16234472 electrice-vol-ii-ro-x41-solenza
 
Dsp
DspDsp
Dsp
 
ppt on radar system
 ppt on radar system ppt on radar system
ppt on radar system
 

Similar a RADAR AND ANTENNA

Radio waves and propagation and astronomy
Radio waves and propagation and astronomyRadio waves and propagation and astronomy
Radio waves and propagation and astronomyNayem Uddin
 
Introduction to radars
Introduction to radarsIntroduction to radars
Introduction to radarsTARUN CHOPRA
 
Intro to Antenna.pptx
Intro to Antenna.pptxIntro to Antenna.pptx
Intro to Antenna.pptxORALROBERTS2
 
01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx
01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx
01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptxMrEmmanuelA
 
Satellite communication ppt 2
Satellite communication ppt 2 Satellite communication ppt 2
Satellite communication ppt 2 Bharat suthar
 
Radar Principle
Radar Principle Radar Principle
Radar Principle MaraSenada
 
Application of radar wave in antenna
Application of radar wave in antennaApplication of radar wave in antenna
Application of radar wave in antennaEast west University
 
radar
 radar radar
radarjhcid
 
Communication systems
Communication systemsCommunication systems
Communication systemsMNIT Jaipur
 
Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation
Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation
Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation EngkaderAMuse
 
Radio wave system
Radio wave systemRadio wave system
Radio wave systemAamir Raza
 
Antenna ppt unit1
Antenna ppt unit1Antenna ppt unit1
Antenna ppt unit1DrSAsha1
 
Aircraft communication-systems
Aircraft communication-systemsAircraft communication-systems
Aircraft communication-systemsKrishikesh Singh
 
Radar system
Radar systemRadar system
Radar systemSai Teja
 
Microwave systems (140403111014,16) ppt1
Microwave  systems (140403111014,16) ppt1Microwave  systems (140403111014,16) ppt1
Microwave systems (140403111014,16) ppt1Vijay Kumar
 

Similar a RADAR AND ANTENNA (20)

Radio waves and propagation and astronomy
Radio waves and propagation and astronomyRadio waves and propagation and astronomy
Radio waves and propagation and astronomy
 
Introduction to radars
Introduction to radarsIntroduction to radars
Introduction to radars
 
PPT.ppt
PPT.pptPPT.ppt
PPT.ppt
 
Intro to Antenna.pptx
Intro to Antenna.pptxIntro to Antenna.pptx
Intro to Antenna.pptx
 
Radar
RadarRadar
Radar
 
01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx
01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx
01_AME_U1_INTRODUCTION AND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY BANDS.pptx
 
Satellite communication ppt 2
Satellite communication ppt 2 Satellite communication ppt 2
Satellite communication ppt 2
 
Radar Principle
Radar Principle Radar Principle
Radar Principle
 
Antenna
AntennaAntenna
Antenna
 
Application of radar wave in antenna
Application of radar wave in antennaApplication of radar wave in antenna
Application of radar wave in antenna
 
radar
 radar radar
radar
 
Communication systems
Communication systemsCommunication systems
Communication systems
 
Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation
Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation
Chap 02 antenna & wave propagation
 
1. ACNS UNIT-1.pptx
1. ACNS UNIT-1.pptx1. ACNS UNIT-1.pptx
1. ACNS UNIT-1.pptx
 
Radar communication
Radar communicationRadar communication
Radar communication
 
Radio wave system
Radio wave systemRadio wave system
Radio wave system
 
Antenna ppt unit1
Antenna ppt unit1Antenna ppt unit1
Antenna ppt unit1
 
Aircraft communication-systems
Aircraft communication-systemsAircraft communication-systems
Aircraft communication-systems
 
Radar system
Radar systemRadar system
Radar system
 
Microwave systems (140403111014,16) ppt1
Microwave  systems (140403111014,16) ppt1Microwave  systems (140403111014,16) ppt1
Microwave systems (140403111014,16) ppt1
 

Último

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 

Último (20)

How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 

RADAR AND ANTENNA

  • 1. Marine radars are used to measure the bearing and distance of ships to prevent collision with other ships, to navigate and BASIC ELECTRONICS to fix their position at sea when within range of shore or other fixed references such as islands ,buoys , and lightships. TITLE: RADAR AND ANTENNA Brightness can indicate reflectivity as in this 1960 weather radar image (of Hurricane Abby). The radar's frequency, pulse form, polarization, signal processing, and antenna determine what it can observe.
  • 2. What is radar? • An object-detection system which uses electromagnetic waves specifically radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, spacecraft • Transmits pulses of radio waves or microwaves which bounce off any object in their path. • The object returns a tiny part of the wave's energy to a dish or antenna which is usually located at the same site as the transmitter.
  • 3. Basic radar operation • Light waves, radio waves, microwaves, radar waves is electromagnetic waves. • Unlike water waves, electromagnetic waves do not require a medium such as water or air to travel through. They can travel through a complete vacuum. • Similar to light waves, radar waves bounce off some objects and travel through others. • The simplest mode of radar operation is determining how far away an object is. The radar unit sends radar waves out toward the target . The waves hit the target and are reflected back.
  • 4. • The returning wave is received by the radar unit and the travel time is registered. • According to basic principles of physics, distance is equal to the rate of travel (speed) multiplied by the time of travel. • All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum—the speed of light which is 186,282 miles (299,727 kilometers) per second. This speed is reduced by a small amount when the waves are traveling through air but this can be calculated.
  • 8. History of radar and Development
  • 14. The USES of radar • Modern uses of radar are highly diverse including • air traffic control, radar astronomy, air- defense systems, antimissile systems like nautical radars to locate landmarks and other ships, aircraft anti-collision systems for ocean-surveillance systems, meteorological precipitation monitoring, altimetry and flight-control systems, guided-missile target-locating systems and ground-penetrating radar for geological observations. • High tech radar systems are associated with digital signal processing and are capable of
  • 15. • ALTAIR - used to detect and track space objects in conjunction with ABM testing at the Ronald Reagan Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. » Israeli military radar is typical of the type of radar used for air traffic control. The antenna rotates at a steady rate, sweeping the local airspace with a narrow vertical fan-shaped beam, to detect aircraft at all altitudes. • This Melbourne base Primary and secondary radar is used for air traffic control and to observe terminal area conflicts by VFR local aircraft.
  • 16. WHAT IS ANTENNA? An electrical device which converts electric current into radio waves, and vice versa.
  • 19. antenna • Also contain reflective or directive elements or surfaces not connected to the transmitter or receiver, such as parasitic elements, parabolic reflectors or horns, which serve to direct the radio waves into a beam or other desired radiation pattern.
  • 20. THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTENNA First experiments  Involved the coupling of electricity and magnetism and showed a definitive relationship was that done by Faraday somewhere around 1830s  Creating a time-varying magnetic field, which as a result (from Maxwell’s
  • 21.  The coil acted as a loop antenna and received the electromagnetic radiation, which was received (detected) by the galvanometer- the work of antenna.
  • 22. First antenna  Built in 1888 by German physicist Heinrich Hertz in his pioneering experiments  To prove the existence of electromagnetic waves predicted by the theory of James Clerk Maxwell  Developed a wireless communication system in which he forced an electrical spark to occur in the gap of a dipole antenna.
  • 23. He used a loop antenna as receiver, and observed a similar disturbance  This was 1886. Hertz placed dipole antennas at the focal point of parabolic reflector for both transmitting and receiving.
  • 24.  By 1901, Marconi was sending information across the Atlantic. For a transmit antenna, he used several vertical wires attached to the ground.  In 1901, Columbia University had an Experimental Wireless Station  There are several discovered antennas :
  • 25. Yagi-Uda Antenna (1920s) It is simple to construct and has a high gain, typically greater than 10dB operate in the HF and UHF bands ( about 3MHz to 3GHz) The Yagi antenna was invented in Japan done by Shintaro Uda Presented for the first time in English by Yagi at America
  • 27. Horn Antenna (1939) At UHF (300 MHz-3GHz) and higher frequencies will achieved to 140 GHz. Can range up to 25dB in some cases
  • 28. Antenna Arrays (1940s) • Often called a ‘phased array’ is asset of 2 or more antennas • The signals from the antennas are combined or processed in order to achieve improved performance
  • 29. Parabolic reflectors (late 1940)  Commonly known as satellite dish antenna  (30-40 dB is common) and low cross polarization  Huge dishes( which can operate from 150 MHz to 1.5 GHz)  Smaller dish antenna typically operate between 2-28 GHz  The feed antenna is often a Horn antenna with a circular aperture
  • 31. Patch Antenna (1970s) • It printed directly onto a circuit board. • low cost, have a low profile and are easily fabricated
  • 32. PIFA (1980)  The quarter-wavelength Patch Antenna, which leads into the Planar Inverted-F antenna (PIFA).  The patch is shorted at the end  Has the same current-voltage distribution as a half-wave patch antenna  reduced in size 50%.
  • 34. THE USE OF ANTENNA • Radio broadcasting  A one-way wireless transmission over radio wave intended to reach a wide audience.  The signal types can be either analog or digital audio.
  • 35. • Broadcast television  A mode of television broadcasting which does not involve satellite transmission or cables which is typically using radio waves through transmitting and receiving antennas or television antenna aerials
  • 36. • Two-way radio  A radio that can both transmit and receive (a transceiver), unlike a broadcast receiver which only receives content
  • 37. • Communication receiver  A type of radio receiver used as a component of a radio communication link
  • 38. • Cell phone  A device which can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link whilst moving around a wide geographic area.  It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile network operator
  • 39. • Satellite communication  An artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunication  They are also used for mobile applications such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand-held terminals, and for TV and radio broadcasting, for which application of other technologies
  • 40. • Wireless microphone   A microphone without a physical cable connecting it directly to the sound recording or amplifying equipment with which it is associated
  • 41. • Wireless computer network  A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet