5. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Pistil
Stigma –top of the pistil,
Sticky surface for pollen to
stick
Style – connects the stigma to
the ovary
Ovary –contains ovules
(eggs)
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Stamen
Anther – produces sperm
nuclei by meiosis. Sperm
nuclei are enclosed by pollen
grains
Filament – holds the anther
up
6. POLLINATION
The transfer of pollen grains from anthers to
the stigmas
Pollination agents :
•Wind : Anemophily
•Insects : Entemophily
•Birds : Ornithophily
•Animals : Zoophily
8. TYPES OF POLLINATION
1. Self pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the
same flower, or of another flower of the same plant.
Same Plant’s FlowerSame Flower
9. 2. Cross pollination
The transfer of pollen to a flower on a different plant of the
same species.
Different Plant’s Flower
10. FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN FLOWERING PLANTS
•Pollen grains send out pollen tubes which grows down the style
& ovary, towards the micropyle.
•Pollen grains are attracted by sugars in stigma and secrete
enzymes to digest a pathway through the style
11. double FERTILIZATION
Male gamete goes into the ovule and fertilizes with the egg cell.
The other male gamete fuses with the polar nuclei to form the
triploid endosperm
12. Development of Fruits and Seeds
Fate of floral parts after fertilization
Floral Part Fate after fertilization
(a) sepals, petals &
stamens
All wither and drop off
(b) ovary
i) ovary wall
ii) ovule
iii) integuments
iv) fertilised egg
Becomes the fruit
fruit wall
seed
seed coat (testa)
embryo
13. A fruit is an ovary after fertilization and it contains seeds
Functions:
Fruits : protect & disperse the embryo
Seeds : protect the embryo
Provide food for the embryo
Help in dispersal of the plant
14. Fruits and Seeds Dispersal
(1) by wind,
(2) by animals,
(3) by water,
Significance of fruits & seeds dispersal
It prevents overcrowding & competition for
limited resources.
It allows the plants to have their seeds to
land on suitable places for germination, thus
increases the chance for the plants to
colonize new areas.
15. seedling
Micropyle –opening in ovule where pollen tube attached,
sperm entered
Hilum –scar where ovule attached to ovary
Radicle –embryonic root
16. SEED GERMINATION
PARTS OF A SEED
Seed coat
Epicotyl
Cotyledons
Hypocotyl
Seed
coat
Endosperm
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
RadicleCotyledo
n
• Dicot
• Monocot
17. Epicotyl – grows above the cotyledons and gives rise
to the leaves.
Hypocotyl –below the point of attachment of the
cotyledon, develops into the stem.