The document analyzes the environmental impact of sugar mills in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Water and soil samples were collected from 5 sugar mills and tested for parameters like electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonates, chloride, pH, and sodium absorption ratio. Testing found that levels of these parameters exceeded permissible limits, indicating pollution of water and soil resources from sugar mill effluents. The study concludes that effluents are degrading habitats and ecological balance in the area. It recommends stricter enforcement of environmental regulations to control pollution from sugar mills.

1. An Assessment of Environmental Impact of Sugar Mills in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.

3. RYK. AT A GLANCE

7. JDW Sugar Mills

10. Saim- Nullah near Humza Sugar Mills

11. Disposal pond of Ettehad Sugar Mills

13. RESULTS 1. WATER ANALYSIS PARAMETERS: EC, Calcium, Magnesium, Available Na + , Bicarbonates, Available Na + , SAR, Chloride 2. SOIL ANALYSIS PARAMETERS: EC, pH, SAR

51. Figure 3: Showing monthly variation of sodium in water at JDW Sugar Mills (Pvt.) Limited

52. Figure 3: Showing monthly variation of sodium in water at JDW Sugar Mills (Pvt.) Limited

53. Figure 4: Showing Monthly variation of Bi-carbonate in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

54. EC at 6” EC at 12” EC at 18” EC at 24” EC at 30” EC at 36” EC at 48” Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites. Depth wise Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites.

55. Figure 5: Showing monthly variation of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

56. Figure 6: Showing monthly variation of Chloride in water at JDW Sugar Mills.

57. Figure 7: Showing monthly variation of EC in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

58. Figure 8: Showing monthly variation of Ca++, Mg++ in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

59. Figure 9: Showing monthly variation of Chlorides in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

60. Figure 10: Showing Monthly variation of sodium in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

61. Figure 11: Showing monthly variation of SAR in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

62. Figure 12: Showing monthly variation of Bi-carbonates in water at Humza Sugar Mills.

63. Figure 13: Showing monthly variation of overall Parameters in water at United Sugar Mills.

64. Figure 14: Showing monthly variation of overall water Parameters at Ettehad Sugar Mills.

65. Figure 15: Graph showing monthly depth wise (6” – 48”) EC comparison in soil samples taken from JDW Sugar Mills effluent sites.

69. QUESTIONS ?