The document discusses the issue of deforestation in India due to charcoal production for industrial use. It notes that charcoal production requires 120,000 tonnes annually but only 90,000 tonnes are produced, resulting in 100 square kilometers of deforestation each year. Alternative technologies using natural gas could replace charcoal production and prevent further deforestation, while also being more economically and environmentally sustainable. Mosaic deforestation from timber and firewood collection has fragmented forests. Loss of forest cover contributes to biodiversity loss, wildlife decline, and increased erosion.

1. CARBON MINUS INDIA

2. Maintainable farming and the development
of biomass for power use

3. Contemporary bio energy is seen as a appealing option to control green
house gas pollutants. There is,
however, a prospective competitors for area and water between bio
energy and food plants. Another query is whether biomass for power
use can be produced in a maintainable manner given the current
traditional farming production methods.
Other than the area and water competitors, this query is often ignored
in circumstances to fulfill an important aspect of international power
need with bio energy. In the following, I address this query.
There are maintainable solutions, for example natural agriculture, to
avoid the negative ecological effects of traditional agriculture.
Yet, conference an important aspect of international power need with
biomass grown self-sufficiently may not be possible, as burning
important amounts of natural matter—inherent in bioenergy use—is
likely to be mismatched with the concepts of such solutions, which
often rely on biomass feedback for vitamin balance. There may
therefore be a trade-off between policies and methods to improve
bioenergy and those to improve durability in agriculture via methods
such as natural agriculture. This is not a general review of bioenergy but
it points to additional prospective risks of recent bioenergy as a strategy
to fulfill important parts of world power need

4. Biomass source features and biomass transformation handling
for powers and chemicals
Biomass resources include timber and timber waste
materials, farming plants and their spend
wastes, public solid spend, animal waste
materials, spend from food handling and marine
plants and plankton. Biomass is used to meet a
variety of energy needs, including producing usable
energy, warming homes, creating a automobiles and
providing procedure heat for plants. The
transformation technology for utilizing biomass can
be divided into four basic categories: immediate
burning procedures, thermochemical
procedures, biochemical procedures and
agrochemical procedures.

5. Thermochemical transformation procedures can be
divided into gasification, pyrolysis, supercritical liquid
removal and immediate liquefaction. Pyrolysis is the
thermochemical procedure that transforms biomass into
liquid, grilling and non-condensable fumes, acetic
acid, acetone and methanol by warming the biomass to
about 750 K in the lack of air. If the objective is to
increase the generate of liquid products caused by
biomass pyrolysis, a low heat range, great warming
amount, short gas property time procedure would be
required. For great char production, a low heat
range, low warming amount procedure would be chosen.
If the objective is to increase the generate of petrol gas
caused by pyrolysis, a warm, low warming amount, long
gas property time procedure would be recommended.

6. Woodlands control and area use/cover changes in a
common small watershed in the mid level area of Main
Himalaya, India
In most creating nations, large-scale area use/cover changes are
revealed over the last few hundreds of years. In most cases, it is
linked to the people growth.
To achieve efficiency of bio-diversity and ecological functions of
natural environment, huge areas were taken over by the
Government authorities in many creating nations. This research
studies the spatial and temporary design of area use/cover
modify in a micro watershed in Central Himalaya, Indian, during
1967–1997 period based on presentation of satellite tv data and
using a regional information system (GIS). During the last 30
years (i.e. 1967–1997) the woodlands protect was changed
significantly with increasing population pressure (both individual
and animal), farming actions and raw material removal actions.
Agricultural development at the cost of loss of woodlands
protect was the most popular modify in the jungles handled by
the people. In Govt Source Forests, there was no farming
development but changes in shrub solidity and cover protect
were obvious.

7. Due to desertion of huge areas of rainfed farming places on
slopping balconies in middle heights, the area of culturable
waste materials increased while farming development at the
price of jungles happened and thus the total developed area
remained flat between 1971 and 1991. While ecological
deterioration led to low farming results in as well as poor
fuelwood and deacyed plant material results in in most
places, variation of farming in overflow balconies in lower
valleys due to Govt development programs improved farming
contribution. This research shows that while Govt Forest
Division is able to avoid failures of places under their control
to farming development, modify of vegetal protect indicates,
they are not in a position to police the places with wide
leaved plants which are utilized by local population for their
subsistence needs. This paper reiterates the discussion that
organizations play an important role in creating wooded
scenery.

8. A Ton Of Bitter Melon Produces Sweet Results For Diabetes
Groups from the Garvan Institution of Medical Research and
the Shanghai Institution of Materia Medica pulped
approximately a tonne of clean nasty melons and produced
four very appealing bioactive elements. These four substances
all appear to stimulate the compound AMPK, a proteins well
known for managing petrol metabolic rate and allowing glucose
usage.
"We can now understand at a molecular stage why nasty
melons works as a strategy to diabetic issues," said Lecturer
Bob Wayne, Home of the Diabetes and Being overweight
System at Garvan. "By identifying the substances we believe to
be healing, we can examine how they execute together in our
cells."
People with Kind two diabetic issues have an affected capability
to turn the glucose in their blood stream into energy in their
muscle tissue. This is partially because they don't generate
enough blood stream insulin, and partially because their fat
and muscle tissue don't use blood stream insulin successfully, a
trend known as 'insulin resistance'.
Exercise triggers AMPK in muscular, which in turn mediates
the activity of glucose transporters to the mobile surface, a
very important step in the usage of glucose from the
activity into cells in the body. This is a primary reason that
execute out is suggested as part of the regular cure for
someone with Kind two diabetic issues.
The four substances separated in nasty melons execute a
very similar action to that of execute out, in that they
stimulate AMPK.

9. Garvan researchers engaged in the venture, Drs Jiming Ye and
Nigel Turner, both pressure that while there are well known
diabetic issues medication on the market that also stimulate
AMPK, they can have adverse reactions.
"The benefits of nasty melons is that there are no known
adverse reactions," said Dr Ye. "Practitioners of China
medication have used it for 100's of years to good impact."
Garvan has a official collaborative agreement with the
Shanghai Institution of Materia Medica. Moreover to still
delivering together on the healing prospective of nasty
melons, we will be discovering other China medication.
Professor Ye, from the Shanghai Institution and a
professional in natural products chemical make up, separated
the different parts from nasty melons and determined the
substances of interest. "Bitter melons was described as
"bitter in flavor, non-toxic, expelling wicked warm, reducing
exhaustion and illuminating" in the popular Summation of
Materia Medica by Li Shizhen (1518-1593), one of the biggest
doctors, pharmacologists and naturalists in China's record,"
said Lecturer Ye. "It is exciting, now that we have the
technological innovation, to analyze why it has been so
effective."
"Some of the substances we have determined are completely
novel. We have elucidated the molecular elements of these
substances and will be dealing with our co-workers at Garvan
to figure out their activities at a molecular stage. We believe
it's operating through a novel road inside cells, and finding
that road is going to be very exciting.“

10. New Approaches for Controlling Pesticide Exposure in Children
IPM concentrates on removing the cause of insect pest infestations by
reducing access to food, water, concealing places, and closing breaks
and other opportunities in surfaces to prevent access of insects.
Their research appears in the ACS' publication Ecological Science &
Technology.
Chensheng Lu and co-workers report previous research showing that
city, low-income, multi family, community real estate residences are
susceptible to severe insect attack problems. Family members in
Birkenstock boston community real estate improvements, for
instance, position insect attack, way to kill pests use and insect allergic
reactions second only to criminal activity as matters of concern. In an
effort to motivate use of IPM, which decreases dependency on
conventional bug sprays, Lu's team analyzed contact with 19 bug
sprays among children in 20 families in Boston's community real
estate.
They found bug sprays in all of the houses, along with signs -- such as
sighting of live insects or insect trash -- that conventional bug sprays
were not effective. "The results from the current research, as well as
other recent reports, performed in low-income community real
estate, childcare facilities and arbitrarily selected houses in the U.S.
should emphasize the need for alternative insect control programs,"
the report states. The writers recognize financing from the National
Institution of Ecological Health Sciences

11. " Ban Charcol Making from Wood for Industrial use in
India "
Grilling in Indian for this production has been obtained from timber, which is
obtained from jungles. 90000tonnes/year is the yearly growth of charcoal in
Indian, where as the need goes to 120,000 tonnes/year. This results in an
yearly deforestation of around 100sqkm of jungles every season for the
growth of charcoal to be used in this market.There are alternative technology
which uses Natural gas in place of charcoal, which is a better petrol, has
effective process business economics, and can possibly stop this deforestation
for charcoal purchase and thus save a large number of sqkm of India’s
valuable woodlands sources.
Mosaic deforestation, which has been widespread due to the improved need
of woodlands generate, especially timber for professional use. The invariable
outcome of variety deforestation is large woodlands places becoming start
woodlands place.
Now Nationwide Forest plan encourages deteriorated woodlands places to
be turned into farms. This without the venture is a very likely land-use
situation. Consequently more and more deteriorated jungles would be
turned into farms which will have a very high-impact on the surroundings.
Parts of this place drops in the condition of Karnataka. Now the Karnataka
local govt has a plan of advertising Bio-fuels and are definitely engaged in
developing attention among individuals, such as the natural individuals of
the woodlands areasto place great bio-fuel producing place types like the
Jatropha in the places where jungles are deteriorated. This in convert gives
an motivation to create more open/degraded jungles ultimately.

12. The rate of deforestation from large jungles to start jungles, due to
human action will improve. This will situation more variety
deforestation to happen, which will will cause to jungles modifying into
farms.
Firewood need for family requirements and timber need for
professional requirements will improve. Particularly for the As well as
Disulphide market, since the need for CS2 is improving significantly
season by season, produced using the same technology viz. Grilling &
Sulphur as raw components, there will be improved need for timber
based charcoal from jungles which will cause to more
deforestation, mostly, variety.
Loss of income to the indigeneous individuals will outcome from the
unwanted industrialization and growth action in the woodlands
peripheries. Stress from travel and leisure actions will also play a role.
There will be a rise in java farms in the Kodagu & Chikmagalur ditricts of
Karnataka and the Wayanad area of Kerala, more tea and eucalyptus
farmville farm in the Nilgiris.
Deforestation results in several changes in the scenery. The
deterioration and fragmentation of jungles, which generally come
before deforestation, significantly effect the bio-diversity of the area.
In the Project Area, low level time tested jungles covered with Dipterocarp represent
the most confronted atmosphere. Its procession along the European Ghats has been
fragmented due to particular signing, improve in long lasting agreements, and
rubberized farms. Consequently, several common low-elevation types have almost
become vanished, several have become unusual, and some types have taken
sanctuary in the sacredgroves. Mountain agro-systems in the Project Area are today
covered with qualities generally of tea, java, rubberized and monocultures of various
shrub types, such as the oil hand that was presented lately.

13. Available calculate indicate that above an elevation of 1,500 m in the place,
there are 750 sq. km of tea farms. A complete of not less than 1,500 sq. km
are under java and 825 sq. km under cardamom. It has also been outlined
that the Nilgiri area with a complete place of 2,549 sq. km has around 1,000
sq. km under various types of farming.
The Project Area has a wealthy wildlife. Herds of monsters, gaur and deer,
head of parrots, many types of lizards and amphibians, to bring up a few,
have populated these jungles. Deforestation & the incursion by people have
decreased the wildlife of the Ghats. These actions have also fragmented the
jungles to a large level.
The change in stream circulation styles so essential to breeding and
migration of fish has led to a extreme decrease of marine wildlife. Research
a noticeable decrease in marine wildlife.
The hills of the European Ghats are extreme. The rain fall is large during the
monsoon. Once the woodlands cover is missing and the grasslands are
disrupted, run-off and ground break down is great. The venture Area types
a aspect of the European Ghats, which is one of Biodiversity locations on
the globe. This wealthy bio-diversity is extremely delicate to changes. Thus
without venture situation, where in there will be extended deforestation
mainly from improved professional use of timber from charcoal.
In the globe charcoal is an almost essential commercial product, especially
in metallurgy and as an adsorbent. With the growth of the substance
market and the improving regulation engaged with the control of the
surroundings, use of charcoal for filtration of commercial spend
components has improved significantly.
Whereas in the bbq petrol market charcoal has little competitors, in almost
all other programs charcoal could be replaced by fossil fuel, pepsi, oil pepsi
or lignite. The benefits or charcoal rely on six important qualities which
account for its ongoing use in market.

14. Low sulphur content
great ration of carbon to ash
relatively few and unreactive inorganic impurities
constant skin pore framework with great surface area area
good decrease ability
almost smokeless.
Some programs of charcoal in various sectors are as follows:
Chemical industry : Production of carbon disulphide, salt cyanide
and carbides.
Metallurgy : Smelting and sintering metal ores, growth of ferro-
silicon and genuine rubberized, situation solidifying of
metal, filtration broker in smelting non-ferrous components, petrol
in foundry cupolas, electrodes.
Cement industry :As a petrol, production of carbon disulphide, salt
cyanide and carbides.
Metallurgy : Smelting and sintering metal ores, growth of ferro-
silicon and genuine rubberized, situation solidifying of
metal, filtration broker in smelting non-ferrous components, petrol
in foundry cupolas, electrodes.
Activated carbon and narrow industry:
Waterpurification, dechlorination, gas filtration, solution recovery;
spend water treatment, smoke filtration.
Gas generator : Manufacturer gas for automobiles and carbonation
of carbonated beverages

15. Grilling in Indian for this production has been
obtained from timber, which is obtained from
jungles. 90000tonnes/year is the yearly growth of
charcoal in Indian, where as the need goes to
120,000 tonnes/year. This results in an yearly
deforestation of around 100sqkm of jungles every
season for the growth of charcoal to be used in this
market.There are alternative technology which uses
Natural gas in place of charcoal, which is a better
petrol, has effective process business
economics, and can possibly stop this deforestation
for charcoal purchase and thus save a large number
of sqkm of India’s valuable woodlands sources.
Mosaic deforestation, which has been widespread
due to the improved need of woodlands
generate, especially timber for professional use. The
invariable outcome of variety deforestation is large
woodlands places becoming start woodlands place.

16. Thank you….
Shweta Rai
Environmentalist
+91- 98687-72279
infoshwetarai@gmail.com