This document describes various surgical instruments used for preparing, draping, incisions, securing homeostasis, retracting tissues, holding tissues, cutting, and special procedures in general surgery. It provides details on forceps, clamps, retractors, scissors, and other tools used for tasks like holding sponges, fixing drapes, making incisions, clamping vessels, retracting skin and organs, holding tissues, and performing procedures like thyroidectomy and intestinal resection. The instruments described each have specific uses in general surgical procedures.

1. OPERATING INSTRUMENTS
A TOOL TO THE SURGEON

2. USED FOR PREPARING AND DRAPING

Cheatle’s Forceps
Used for picking and Transferring

3. USED FOR PREPARING AND DRAPING

Rampley’s Sponge Holding Forceps

Holding Sponge or gauze to clean the operative field

4. USED FOR PREPARING AND DRAPING

Mayo’s towel clip

Fix drapes in a manner to expose operative field only
Also used to fix tubing’s and cautery wire to drapes
in a way that they don’t fall


5. USED FOR PREPARING AND DRAPING

Doyen’s Cross action towel clip

This clip can be substituted for mayo’s
towel clip

6. USED FOR PREPARING AND DRAPING

Moynihans Tetra towel clip
Holding drapes and cover cut margins of incisions with
sterile sponges

7. For skin incision

Bard-parkers Knife handle with detachable blade

For making the surgical blade handy and easy to use
providing grip
The hole unit along with the blade is called scalpel.


8. For skin incision


Surgical blades
For stab incisions

9. For Securing homeostasis

Artery forceps




Small size-Mosquito
Medium
Large.
Uses

As a hemostat, holding cut edges, to open up abscess, hold
free ends of the suture, hold cut end of the sutures, breaking
loculi etc.

10. For Securing homeostasis

Kocher’s Forceps

Uses




To hold securely superior thyroid pedicle
vessels
Hold retracting cut ends of vessels in tough
fibrous tissue
Hold ribs during rib resection
To cause artificial rupture of gestational
membrane

11. For Securing homeostasis

Right Angled artery forceps

Uses

Ti isolate, encircle and ligate vessels or ducts those
especially present in depths

12. For Securing homeostasis

Bull dog arterial clamp

Uses

Used to clamp
small, medium
large sized vessels
and

13. For Securing homeostasis

Satinski’s bicurved arterial clamp

Uses

Partial occlusion of major vessels like inferior vena
cava, aorta for their repair

14. For Securing homeostasis

Liga clips

Uses

Mainly used in laparoscopic surgery to clamp vessels and
ducts

15. Retractors

Single/double hook retractor

Uses


To retract skin edges
To retract tough fascia

16. Retractors

Cats paw/volkman’s retraCtor

Uses

Retraction of skin and tough fascia

17. Retractors

Langenbeck’s retractor

Uses


In operation involving a lot of dissection in
superficial muscle pane which requires
retraction
E.g. hernioplasty.thyroidectomy

18. Retractors

Czerny’s retractor

Uses

Superficial retraction of skin incisions during
laparotomy

19. Retractors

Morris retractor

Uses

To retract strong structures like
abdominal wall muscles and it gives
wider space to work

20. Retractors

Harrington’s retractor

Uses


To retract soft intra-abdominal visceral organs
E.g. cholecystectomy, hysterectomy

21. Retractors

Deaver’s retractor

Uses

Same as Harrington's

22. Retractors

Doyen’s retractor

Uses
Used in pelvic
surgery for retraction
at the caudal end of
abdominal incision.


23. Retractors

Self retaining abdominal retractor
Uses
used in the prolonged abdominal operations. With
its application there is no need for an
assistant continuously retract

24. Retractors

Allison’s lung retractor

Uses

Thoracic surgery to retract lung special blades
protect the lungs from damage

25. Retractors


Finochietto’s self retaining chest wall
retractor
Uses


Retracting two ribs
apart during
thoracotomy operations
To separate two halves
of sternum

26. Dissecting forceps

Dissecting forceps/thumb forceps

Plain
To hold delicate tissue
like peritoneum,
vessels, bowel wall, etc
Toothed
to hold tough sutures like skin,fascia,rectus
sheath while suturing.


27. Tissue holding forceps

Allis tissue forceps

Uses



To hold thin but tough tissues for purpose of
giving traction
Can be used to hold tissues like fibrous
capsule of sac being dissected
E.g. holding subcutaneous tissue, deep fascia

28. Tissue holding forceps

Lane’s tissue forceps

Uses



Holding bulky tissues
To hold appendix along with mesoappendix
during appendicectomy
May be used conveniently as a towel clip

29. Tissue holding forceps


Babcock’s tissue forceps
Uses

To hold soft and delicate tissues such as stomach,
small/large bowel, appendix, and fallopian tube

30. Tissue holding forceps


Valsellum and Tenaculum
Uses


Mainly used in gynecological operations to hold
the tip of cervix
This structure is similar to alli’s forceps except
they are very long

31. Scissors


Scissors are used for sharp as well as blunt dissection
and also for cutting various tubing's, surgical
dressings, gauze, sutures etc
Two types


Tissue cutting and dissection scissors
Scissors for other purpose

32. Scissors

MetZenbaum curved on flat dissections

Uses


For Dissecting out soft tissues or connective tissue planes
For cutting soft tissues, adhesions, bowel, etc.

33. Scissors

Gauze or Suture cutting Scissors
Straight or curved

Uses



For cutting bandages, lint gauze, rubber tubing's,etc.
To cut away excess sutures materials after tying the knot

34. Special instruments in General Surgery


Joll’s self retaining thyroid retractor
Uses

For retraction of skin flaps in thyroidectomy

35. Special instruments in General Surgery


Doyen’s Mouth Gag
Uses



For intraoral operations
E.g. Tongue excision,
Prolonged dental procedures
To open mouth in an
unconscious patient for
toileting

36. Special instruments in General Surgery

Bowel Clamps
a)
Moynihan’s non-crushing gastric clamp

Uses
To hold and occlude stomach during
gastrectomy,gastrojejunostomy,etc


37. Special instruments in General Surgery

Bowel Clamps



B, Payr’s crushing gastric clamp
Uses
For partial and total gastrectomy

38. Special instruments in General Surgery


Lane’s twin gastroenterostomy clamp
Uses


In gastrojejunostomy
The stomach and jejunum are held close to each other by
this instruments

39. Special instruments in General Surgery


Doyen’s intestinal clamp(non crushing)
Uses





It is used for resection-anastomosis
of the intestine in case of
Strangulated hernia
Accidental injuries to the gut
Intestinal growths
Gastric/intestinal bypass operations

40. Special instruments in General Surgery


Cholecystectomy forceps
Uses