This document compares traditional subject-based learning to problem-based learning. In subject-based learning, students listen to lectures from the teacher and apply new knowledge. In problem-based learning, students explore real-world problems, assess their existing knowledge, conduct research to fill gaps in knowledge, and apply their knowledge to solve problems. The document outlines several benefits of problem-based learning over subject-based learning, including that it covers cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains; develops higher-order thinking skills; promotes self-directed learning through experience; helps students become lifelong learners; and enhances communication skills.