2. INTRODUCTION
•Also called Natural Method, was established in Germany and
France around 1900. Then it became widely known in the
United States through its use by Sauveur and Maximilian Berlitz
in successful commercial language schools.
•It appeared as an answer to the shortcomings of the Grammar
Translation Method (GTM).
•Also known as Natural Method, Anti-Grammatical Method and
etc.
•Direct Method argued that a L2 could be taught without
translation or the use of the learner's native tongue if meaning
was conveyed directly through demonstration and action.
3. •DM believe L2 learning must be an imitation of L1
learning, as this is the natural way humans learn any
language.
•According to the German scholar F. Franke, a language
could best be taught by using it actively in the classroom.
•Rather than using analytical procedures that focus on
explanation of grammar rules, teachers must encourage
direct and spontaneous use of the L2 in the classroom.
•These natural language learning principles provided the
foundation for what came to be known as the Direct
Method, which refers to the most widely known of the
natural methods.
5. Classroom was conducted exclusively in the target language.
New teaching points were introduced orally.
Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.
Concrete vocab taught through demonstration, realia.
Abstract vocab was thought by association of idea.
Grammar was taught inductively .
6. Speaking is taught first before reading or writing .
Both speech and listening comprehension were taught.
Oral communication skills were built up through Q&A-Ts/Ss
Printed words should be kept away from the learner for as long as
possible
Correct pronunciations & grammar were emphasized.
7. STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING USING
DIRECT METHOD
Question & Answer Exercise
• Teacher ask student using target language and student
answer in full sentences.
Reading Aloud
• Student read sections of passages, plays or dialogs out loud
Dictation
• Teacher reads passage aloud various amount of times at
various tempos, students writing down what they hear
8. Student Self Correct
• Teacher facilitates opportunities for students to self correct using
follow-up questions, tone, etc
Paragraph Writing
• Students write paragraphs in their own words using the target
language and various models
Conversation Practice
• Teacher asks students and students ask students questions using the
target language
Fill-In-The-Blank Exercise
• Items use target language only and inductive rather than explicit
grammar rules
9. Advantages & Disadvantages of Direct
Method
Advantages Disadvantages
Students are encourage & motivated to use Lack of teachers that interested in using
L2 spontaneously. DM(not many teachers creative to create
their own materials)
Its emphasis on speech made it more DM ignores written work & reading
attractive for those who have needs of real activities and sufficient attention is not paid
communication in the target language to reading & writing skills.
It make learning process interesting and fun In large class, DM is not properly
because DM encourage using realia during applied.(not satisfy the needs of individual)
learning process.
Students are able to understand what they DM is not suitable for public school because
learn.(it focus on meaning not the rules) it is costly.(realia, visual materials)
