This report summarizes the findings from the Utah 2009 Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) Survey that was conducted as part of the Student Health and Risk Prevention (SHARP) Statewide Survey. The survey was administered to students in grades 6, 8, 10 and 12 in 37 school districts and 10 charter schools across Utah.

1. State of Utah
Profile Report
1

2. Introduction
2009 State of Utah Prevention CONTENTS: Students by Ethnicity may be less than
the reported total students.
Needs Assessment Survey Introduction
Report When using the information in this
How to Read the Charts report, please pay attention to the
This report summarizes the findings number of students who participated
Practical Implications of
from the Utah 2009 Prevention Needs from your community. If 60% or
the PNA
Assessment (PNA) Survey that was more of the students participated, the
conducted as part of the Student Health Data Charts: report is a good indicator of the levels
and Risk Prevention (SHARP) of substance use, risk, protection, and
• Substance Use
Statewide Survey. The survey was antisocial behavior. If fewer than 60%
administered to students in grades 6, 8, • Heavy Use, participated, consult with your local
10 and 12 in 37 school districts and 10 Need for Treatment &
prevention coordinator or a survey
charter schools across Utah. Antisocial Behavior professional before generalizing the
The results for the State of Utah are Sources & Places of
• results to the entire community.
presented along with comparisons to past Alcohol Use
Coordination and administration of
years' results for the State of Utah. • Risk & Protective Factor the Utah PNA Survey was a
Results from administrations prior to Profiles collaborative effort of State of Utah,
2005 may be found by consulting past The Risk and Protective Department of Human Services,
years’ profile reports. The PNA Survey Factor Model of Division of Substance Abuse and
was designed to assess adolescent Prevention Mental Health; Office of Education;
substance use, anti-social behavior, and Department of Health; and Bach
the risk and protective factors that predict Tools for Assessment
Harrison, L.L.C. For more
these adolescent problem behaviors. and Planning
information about the PNA or
Table 1 contains the characteristics of the Risk and Protective prevention services in Utah, please
students from the State of Utah who Factor Scale Definitions refer to the Contacts for Prevention
completed the survey. Because not all Data Tables section at the end of this report.
students answer all of the questions, the
total number of Students by Gender and Contacts for Prevention
Table 1. Characteristics of Participants
State 2005 State 2007 State 2009
Total Students Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
46,527 100 46,152 100 40,831 100
Students by Grade
6 13,702 29.4 14,547 31.5 13,638 33.4
8 13,014 28.0 13,367 29.0 10,926 26.8
10 11,558 24.8 10,164 22.0 9,275 22.7
12 8,253 17.7 8,074 17.5 6,992 17.1
Students by Gender
Male 22,269 48.5 21,987 48.3 19,418 48.3
Female 23,673 51.5 23,576 51.7 20,809 51.7
Students by Ethnicity
African American 539 1.2 738 1.5 544 1.4
Asian 872 1.9 856 1.8 695 1.7
Hispanic 4,185 9.1 5,632 11.7 4,848 12.1
American Indian 1,377 3.0 1,054 2.2 778 1.9
Pacific Islander 645 1.4 619 1.3 600 1.5
White 36,084 78.8 37,272 77.8 30,339 75.7
Multi-racial 2,083 4.5 1,767 3.7 2,288 5.7
2

3. How to Read the Charts in this Report
There are six types of charts presented in this report: of levels of alcohol, tobacco or drug (ATOD)
1) substance use charts, 2) heavy substance use & use, antisocial behavior, risk, and protection.
antisocial behavior (ASB) charts, 3) sources of Information about other students in the state and
alcohol acquisition, 4) places of alcohol consumption the nation can be helpful in determining the
5) risk factor charts and 6) protective factor charts. seriousness of a given level of problem
Data from the charts are presented numerically in behavior. Scanning across the charts, you can
Tables 3 through 10. easily determine which factors are most (or
least) prevalent for your community. This is the
Understanding the Format of the Charts first step in identifying the levels of risk and
There are several graphical elements common to all protection that are operating in your community
the charts. Understanding the format of the charts and which factors your community may choose
and what these elements represent is essential in to address.
interpreting the results of the 2009 SHARP survey. • The 8-State Norm was developed by Bach
• The Bars on substance use and antisocial Harrison L.L.C. to provide states and
behavior charts represent the percentage of communities with the ability to compare their
students in that grade who reported a given results on risk, protection, and antisocial
behavior. The bars on the risk and protective measures with more national measures. Survey
factor charts represent the percentage of students participants from Arizona, Louisiana, Montana,
whose answers reflect significant risk or Nebraska, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Michigan and
protection in that category. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Utah were combined into a database of 277,000
students. The results were weighted to make the
Each set of differently colored bars represents one contribution of each state proportional to its
of the last three administrations of the PNA: 2005, share of the national population. Bach Harrison
2007, and 2009. By looking at the percentages analysts then calculated rates for antisocial
over time, it is possible to identify trends in behavior and for students at risk and with
substance use and antisocial behavior. By studying protection. The results appear on the charts as the
the percentage of youth at risk and with protection 8-State Norm. In order to keep the 8-State Norm
over time, it is possible to determine whether the relevant, it is updated approximately every 2
percentage of students at risk or with protection is years as new data become available.
increasing, decreasing, or staying the same. This
information is important when deciding which risk Lifetime & 30 Day ATOD Use Charts
and protective factors warrant attention.
• Ever-used is a measure of the percentage of
• Dots and Diamonds. The dots on the charts students who tried the particular substance at least
represent the percentage of all of the youth once in their lifetime and is used to show the
surveyed across Utah who reported substance percentage of students who have had experience
use, problem behavior, elevated risk, or elevated with a particular substance.
protection. The diamonds represent national
data from either the Monitoring the Future • 30-day use is a measure of the percentage of
(MTF) Survey or the 8-State Norm. A students who used the substance at least once in
comparison to the state-wide and national the 30 days prior to taking the survey and is a
results provides additional information for your more sensitive indicator of the level of current use
community in determining the relative importance of the substance.
3

4. How to Read the Charts in this Report (cont’d)
Problem Substance Use & ASB Charts Students could mark whether these items related to
• Problem substance use is measured in several their drug use and/or their alcohol use.
different ways: binge drinking (having five or more • Antisocial behavior (ASB) is a measure of the
drinks in a row during the two weeks prior to the percentage of students who report any involvement
survey), use of one-half a pack or more of cigarettes during the past year with the nine antisocial
per day and youth indicating drinking alcohol and behaviors listed in the charts.
driving or reporting riding with a driver who had
been drinking alcohol. zzzz zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz zz Sources of Alcohol & Places of Alcohol Use
This chart also includes estimates of youth in need These charts present the percentage of students who
of alcohol treatment, drug treatment and a obtained alcohol from nine specific sources and the
combined scale for students that need either percentage who used alcohol in eight specific places
alcohol OR drug treatment. The need for during the past year. The number of students reporting
treatment is defined as students who have used use is presented to assist in interpreting the results.
alcohol or drugs on ten or more occasions in their
lifetime and marked three or more of the following Risk and Protective Factor Charts
six items related to their past year drug or alcohol Risk and protective factor scales measure specific
use: 1)zspent more time using than intended, aspects of a youth’s life experience that predict whether
2)zneglected some of your usual responsibilities he/she will engage in problem behaviors. The scales,
because of use, 3)zwanted to cut down on use, defined in Table 2, are grouped into four domains:
4)zothers objected to your use, 5)zfrequently community, family, school, and peer/individual. The
thought about using, 6)zused alcohol or drugs to risk and protective factor charts show the percentage of
relieve feeling such as sadness, anger, or boredom. students at risk and with protection for each of the scales.
Additional Tables in this Report
Tables 11 to 15 contain additional data for prevention • Perception of Parental/Peer Disapproval - The
planning and reporting to state and federal agencies. percentage of respondents who report their parents
feel regular use of alcohol/ANY use of cigarettes
Drug Free Communities or marijuana is wrong or very wrong
Table 11 contains information relevant to Drug Free
Community (DFC) grantees. These tables report the four
Data for Prevention Planning
DFC Core Measures on three reported substances (alcohol, Table 12 contains information on student perceptions of
tobacco and marijuana): school safety and bullying, classroom and school
• Past 30-Day Use - The percentage of respondents discipline, and students’ perception of ATOD use
who report using the substance at least ONCE in the among their peers.
past 30 days
Perceived Parental Approval & ATOD Use
• Average Age of Onset - The average age
Tables 13, 14 and 15 explore the relationship between
respondents report first trying the substance
perceived parental approval and ATOD use. A full
• Perception of Risk - The percentage of respondents explanation of how to interpret these data is available
who report that regular use of the substance has accompanying the tables.
moderate risk or great risk
4

5. Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
* The value for the Other Stimulants category for 2005 includes methamphetamines. For 2007 and 2009 methamphetamines are NOT included in the Other Stimulants category.
LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 6
Ever Used 30-Day Use
100
90
80
70
Percentage (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Alcohol
Alcohol
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens
Prescription Drugs
Prescription Drugs
Heroin or Other
Heroin or Other
*Other Stimulants
*Other Stimulants
Marijuana
Inhalants
Cocaine
Methamphetamines
Opiates
Narcotic
Marijuana
Inhalants
Cocaine
Methamphetamines
Opiates
Narcotic
Steroids
Sedatives
Sedatives
Cigarettes
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Chewing Tobacco
Ecstasy
State 2005 State 2007 State 2009 MTF**
* The value for the stimulants category for 2005 includes methamphetamines. For 2007 and 2009 methamphetamines are NOT included in the stimulants category.
* The value for the Other Stimulants category for 2005 includes methamphetamines. For 2007 and 2009 methamphetamines are NOT included in the Other Stimulants category.
th
** Monitoring the Future does not survey 6 grade students.
5

6. Percentage (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Inhalants
State 2005
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Ever Used
Methamphetamines
*Other Stimulants
Sedatives
Heroin or Other
Opiates
Narcotic
State 2007
Prescription Drugs
Alcohol
6
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Inhalants
LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
Hallucinogens
State 2009
Cocaine
Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 8
Methamphetamines
30-Day Use
*Other Stimulants
Sedatives
Heroin or Other
Opiates
* The value for the Other Stimulants category for 2005 includes methamphetamines. For 2007 and 2009 methamphetamines are NOT included in the Other Stimulants category.
Narcotic
Prescription Drugs
MTF
Ecstasy
Steroids

7. Percentage (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Inhalants
State 2005
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Ever Used
Methamphetamines
*Other Stimulants
Sedatives
Heroin or Other
Opiates
Narcotic
State 2007
Prescription Drugs
Alcohol
7
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Inhalants
LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
Hallucinogens
State 2009
Cocaine
Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 10
Methamphetamines
30-Day Use
*Other Stimulants
Sedatives
Heroin or Other
Opiates
* The value for the Other Stimulants category for 2005 includes methamphetamines. For 2007 and 2009 methamphetamines are NOT included in the Other Stimulants category.
Narcotic
Prescription Drugs
MTF
Ecstasy
Steroids

8. Percentage (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Inhalants
State 2005
Hallucinogens
Cocaine
Ever Used
Methamphetamines
*Other Stimulants
Sedatives
Heroin or Other
Opiates
Narcotic
State 2007
Prescription Drugs
Alcohol
8
Cigarettes
Chewing Tobacco
Marijuana
Inhalants
LIFETIME & 30 DAY ATOD USE
Hallucinogens
State 2009
Cocaine
Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 12
Methamphetamines
30-Day Use
*Other Stimulants
Sedatives
Heroin or Other
Opiates
* The value for the Other Stimulants category for 2005 includes methamphetamines. For 2007 and 2009 methamphetamines are NOT included in the Other Stimulants category.
Narcotic
Prescription Drugs
MTF
Ecstasy
Steroids

9. Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
PROBLEM SUBSTANCE USE & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 6
Problem Use Driving & Alcohol Treatment Needs Antisocial Behavior Past Year
100
90
80
70
Percentage (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
**Sold Illegal Drugs
drinking alcohol?
drinking alcohol?
Needs Alcohol or
*Binge Drinking in
Needs Alcohol
**Stolen a Vehicle
w/ Idea of Seriously
from School
**Handgun to School
driven by someone
**Attacked Someone
at School
*1/2 Pack of
RIDE in a car
**Drunk or High
**Been Arrested
Cigarettes/Day
you had been
**Carried a Handgun
the Past 2 weeks
DRIVE a car when
**Suspended
Needs Drug
Hurting Them
Treatment
Treatment
Drug Treatment
State 2005 State 2007 State 2009 MTF*/8-State**
th
** National Comparison data for Problem 6 grade students.Monitoring the Future values.
Monitoring the Future does not survey Use category are
** National Comparison data for Antisocial Behavior are 8-State Norm values.
9

10. Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
PROBLEM SUBSTANCE USE & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 8
Problem Use Driving & Alcohol Treatment Needs Antisocial Behavior Past Year
100
90
80
70
Percentage (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
**Sold Illegal Drugs
drinking alcohol?
drinking alcohol?
Needs Alcohol or
*Binge Drinking in
Needs Alcohol
**Stolen a Vehicle
w/ Idea of Seriously
from School
**Handgun to School
driven by someone
**Attacked Someone
at School
*1/2 Pack of
RIDE in a car
**Drunk or High
**Been Arrested
Cigarettes/Day
you had been
**Carried a Handgun
the Past 2 weeks
DRIVE a car when
**Suspended
Needs Drug
Hurting Them
Treatment
Treatment
Drug Treatment
State 2005 State 2007 State 2009 MTF*/8-State**
** National Comparison data for Problem Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
** National Comparison data for Antisocial Behavior are 8-State Norm values.
10

11. Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
PROBLEM SUBSTANCE USE & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 10
Problem Use Driving & Alcohol Treatment Needs Antisocial Behavior Past Year
100
90
80
70
Percentage (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
**Sold Illegal Drugs
drinking alcohol?
drinking alcohol?
Needs Alcohol or
*Binge Drinking in
Needs Alcohol
**Stolen a Vehicle
w/ Idea of Seriously
from School
**Handgun to School
driven by someone
**Attacked Someone
at School
*1/2 Pack of
RIDE in a car
**Drunk or High
**Been Arrested
Cigarettes/Day
you had been
**Carried a Handgun
the Past 2 weeks
DRIVE a car when
**Suspended
Needs Drug
Hurting Them
Treatment
Treatment
Drug Treatment
State 2005 State 2007 State 2009 MTF*/8-State**
** National Comparison data for Problem Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
** National Comparison data for Antisocial Behavior are 8-State Norm values.
11

12. Substance Use and Antisocial Behavior
PROBLEM SUBSTANCE USE & ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 12
Problem Use Driving & Alcohol Treatment Needs Antisocial Behavior Past Year
100
90
80
70
Percentage (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
**Sold Illegal Drugs
drinking alcohol?
drinking alcohol?
Needs Alcohol or
*Binge Drinking in
Needs Alcohol
**Stolen a Vehicle
w/ Idea of Seriously
from School
**Handgun to School
driven by someone
**Attacked Someone
at School
*1/2 Pack of
RIDE in a car
**Drunk or High
**Been Arrested
Cigarettes/Day
you had been
**Carried a Handgun
the Past 2 weeks
DRIVE a car when
**Suspended
Needs Drug
Hurting Them
Treatment
Treatment
Drug Treatment
State 2005 State 2007 State 2009 MTF*/8-State**
** National Comparison data for Problem Use category are Monitoring the Future values.
** National Comparison data for Antisocial Behavior are 8-State Norm values.
12

13. Sources of Alcohol and Places of Use
SOURCES OF ALCOHOL*
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grades 6, 8, 10 & 12
Sources of Obtaining Alcohol in the Past Year
100
90
80
70
Percentages (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
I got it from someone
I got it from a family
I got it from home
I got it from home
I bought it myself
I got it in another way
I got it from
I got it at a party
I gave someone
member or relative
someone I know
age 21 or older
else money to
permission
permission
from a store
buy it for me
I know under age 21
other than my parents
without my parents’
with my parents’
State 2009, Grade 6 State 2009, Grade 8 State 2009, Grade 10 State 2009, Grade 12
Sample: 1202 students** Sample: 2079 students** Sample: 2712 students** Sample: 2581 students**
** Sources of alcohol use were not measured prior to 2009.
** Sample size represents the number of youth who chose at least one source of obtaining alcohol. Students who indicated they had not drank alcohol in the past year are not included in the sample.
** In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
13

14. Sources of Alcohol and Places of Use
PLACES OF ALCOHOL USE*
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grades 6, 8, 10 & 12
Places Where Alcohol is Used in the Past Year
100
90
80
70
Percentages (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
At someone else’s
festival, or concert
In some other place
someone else’s
At my home or
At public events such
or a nightclub
parent permission
parent’s permission
parent’s permission
At an open area
home without any
At my home with my
home with their
or back road
like a park, beach,
as a sporting event,
In a car
At a restaurant, bar,
State 2009, Grade 6 State 2009, Grade 8 State 2009, Grade 10 State 2009, Grade 12
Sample: 1205 students** Sample: 2071 students** Sample: 2672 students** Sample: 2515 students**
** Places of alcohol use were not measured prior to 2009.
** Sample size represents the number of youth who chose at least one place of alcohol consumption. Students who indicated they had not drank alcohol in the past year are not included in the sample.
** In the case of smaller sample sizes, caution should be exercised before generalizing results to the entire community.
14

15. Percentage (%) of youth at risk
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Low Neighborhood
Attachment
Laws & Norms
Favor Drug Use
Perceived Availability
of Drugs
Community
Perceived Availability
of Handguns
State 2005
Poor Family
Management
Family Conflict
Family History
of Antisocial Behavior
Family
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to ASB
Parental Attitudes
Favorable to Drug Use
Academic Failure
State 2007
Low Commitment
School
to School
15
Rebelliousness
Early Initiation
of ASB
RISK PROFILE
Early Initiation
of Drug Use
Attitudes Favorable
to ASB
Attitudes Favorable
to Drug Use
State 2009
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
Perceived Risk
of Drug Use
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 6
Interaction with
Antisocial Peers
Peer / Individual
Friend's Use of Drugs
Rewards for ASB
Depressive Symptoms
8-State
Gang Involvement
Intention to Use Drugs

16. Percentage (%) of youth with protection
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Community
Family Attachment
State 2005
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Family
Involvement
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement
Opportunities
for Prosocial
Involvement
State 2007
School
Rewards
16
for Prosocial
Involvement
Religiosity
PROTECTIVE PROFILE
Belief in the
State 2009
Moral Order
Risk and Protective Factor Profiles
2009 State of Utah Student Survey, Grade 6
Interaction with
Prosocial Peers
Peer / Individual
Prosocial
Involvement
8-State
Rewards
for Prosocial
Involvement