1. Human and Cultural Characteristics

2. Culture
is acquired behavior, the way of life held in
common by a group of people
Elements of Culture
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Language
Food
Clothing
Political System
Religion
Architecture

3. Language
• Is the means by which ideas and concepts are
transmitted between individuals or groups
• There are 9 families of languages and
thousands of dialects under each.
• Accents also add to the attraction of a
language. English in the US sounds different
from that of the UK and Australia

4. 6 Official Languages in the United Nations
1. English
2. French
3. Spanish
4. Russian
5. Chinese
6. Arabic
• These are the languages used during UN
Meetings and UN documents

5. FOOD
• Religion plays an important role in the prohibition
of food
– Moslems don’t eat pork
– Jews don’t eat meat and milk together
– Hinduism has no specific proscriptions against eating
meat (however, they cannot eat cows, as they are
considered to be sacred beings in their religion)
– Iglesia ni Cristo and Jehovah's Witnesses prohibit
eating or drinking any blood.

6. Society norms or traditions play a vital role in defining
what is acceptable to eat or not
– Thais drink snake blood
– Chinese eat the meat of monkeys, frogs
– French eat snails
– Filipinos eat balut, tuyo, bagoong, crickets
– Dog meat is eaten in Korea, Vietnam, and China,
although it is nowhere a common dish
– horse meat is rarely eaten in the Anglosphere,
although it is part of the national cuisine of
countries as widespread as Kazakhstan, Japan, and
France.

7. •
Variations in food and its preparation
provide further uniqueness of place
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
India – spices
Italy – pasta and tomato dishes
China – noodles and stir fry cooking
Japan – sashimi, sushi
Korea – kimchi

8. Ceviche – Peru - The dish is typically made from fresh
raw fish marinated in citrus juices, such as lemon or
lime, and spiced with ají or chili peppers.

9. Sate – Indonesia - is a dish of seasoned,
skewered and grilled meat, served with a sauce

10. Dim sum- Hongkong - refers to a style of Cantonese food
prepared as small bite-sized or individual portions of food
traditionally served in small steamer baskets or on small plates.

11. Raw meat (usually but not necessarily seafood) sliced and served
by itself is sashimi. Many non-Japanese use the terms sashimi
and sushi interchangeably, but they are not synonymous. Sushi
refers to any dish made with vinegared rice.

12. Couscous (/ˈkʊskʊs/ or /ˈkuːskuːs/) is a traditional dish of
semolina (granules of durum wheat) which is cooked by
steaming. It is traditionally served with a meat or vegetable stew
spooned over it. Couscous is a staple food throughout the North
African cuisines of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania and
Libya.

13. Kebab (also called kebap, kabab and kabob) is a traditional dish
of sliced meat originating in the Middle East and later adopted in
Central Asia, refers to meat that is cooked over or next to flames.
The traditional meat for kebab is lamb

14. Borscht is a soup of Ukrainian origin that is popular in many
Eastern and Central European countries. In most of these
countries, it is made with beetroot as the main ingredient, giving
it a deep reddish-purple color.

15. Clothing
• Clothing differences by way of national
costume suggests a uniqueness for each
country

16. The grand boubou/bubu is one of
the names for a flowing wide
sleeved robe worn by men in much
of West Africa like Nigeria
The wrapper or pagne is a
colorful women's garment
widely worn in West Africa.

17. A Quadrille dress is a dress worn
by women in Caribbean
countries like Jamaica
The cheongsam is a bodyhugging one-piece Chinese dress
for women

18. Hanbok (South Korea) or Chosŏn-ot (North Korea) is the
traditional Korean dress. It is often characterized by vibrant
colors and simple lines without pockets.
Male aristocrat men wore a dopo overcoat
and gat on their head

19. India
Kurta for males
Sari for females

20. Japan - Kimono
Vietnam – Ao Dai

21. Germany - Dirndl
Scotland - kilt

22. Spain – Andalucian Dress
Czech Republic - Kroje

23. Saudi Arabia - Thawb
Middle East - Keffiyeh

24. Religion also plays a role in the way certain people
clothe themselves
Burqa – Islamic (Afghanistan)
Chador – Islamic (Iran)

25. Political System and Religion
Are two forces that institutionalize
the way of life of a group

26. Political System

27. Some of the five more common political systems around the
world include:
• Democracy
– Republic
– Federalism
• Monarchy
– Absolute Monarchy
– Constitutional Monarchy
• Authoritarianism
– Communism
– Socialism

28. 1. Democracy
• Rule by a government chosen by election
where most of the populace are enfranchised
(the main qualification for enfranchisement is
usually having reached a certain age).

29. A. Republic
• is a form of government in which the country is
considered a "public matter" (Latin: res publica), not
the private concern or property of the rulers, and
• where offices of states are subsequently directly or
indirectly elected or appointed rather than inherited.
• Islamic Republic – a republic governed in accordance
with Islamic law - Iran, Pakistan
• Constitutional Republic is a government created and
controlled by the law of a constitution – USA,
Philippines

30. B. Federalism
• a system based upon democratic rules and
institutions in which the power to govern is
shared between national and provincial/state
governments – Germany, USA, Argentina,
India, Switzerland

31. 2. Monarchy
• Absolute Monarchy - a system of governance
in which a monarch exercises ultimate
governing authority as head of state and head
of government. Brunei, Oman, Saudi Arabia
• Constitutional Monarchy - a system of
governance that has a monarch, but one
whose powers are limited by law or by a
formal constitution, such as that in the United
Kingdom, Spain, Denmark

32. 3. Authoritarianism
• In a Communist country, the working class,
through cooperatives, owns all businesses and
farms and shares the healthcare, education
and welfare. Examples include Cuba, China,
and Vietnam.
• Socialist governments own many of the larger
industries and provide education, health and
welfare services while allowing citizens some
economic choices – North Korea

33. RELIGION

34. Buddhism
• encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and
practices largely based on teachings attributed to
Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the
Buddha, meaning "the awakened one".
1. Theravada ("The School of the Elders") has a
widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia
(Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar etc.).
2. Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle") is found throughout
East Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore,
Taiwan etc.)
• Temples – place of worship
• Monks - teachers

35. Mahabodhi temple in Bodhgaya, India, where
Gautama Buddha attained Nirvana under the Bodhi
Tree

36. Ginkaku-ji – A Zen temple in Kyoto,
Japan

37. Buddhist Monks in Thailand

38. Christianity
• religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus
Christ as presented in the New Testament.
• Worldwide, the three largest groups of
Christianity are
1. the Roman Catholic Church – Italy, France, Spain
2. the Eastern Orthodox Church - Belarus, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova,
Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine
3. the various denominations of Protestantism.

39. St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican

40. Cathedral of St. Sava in Belgrade, Serbia – the
largest Orthodox Church in the world

41. Orthodox priests in Bulgaria

42. 4 Basic Forms of Protestantism
1. Lutheran Church - Germany, Lithuania, Poland,
Austria, Denmark, Greenland, Iceland, Norway,
Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Namibia,
2. Presbyterian Church – Scotland, Northern Ireland,
Canada, South Korea
3. Anglican Church – UK, Ireland
4. Baptist Church – Nigeria, Congo, Myanmar
• Priests and Pastors – clerics
• Churches and Cathedrals and Basilicas – places of
worship

43. The Arctic Cathedral in Tromsoe,
Norway (Lutheran)

44. The High Kirk of Edinburgh a.k.a St. Giles Church
(Presbyterian)

45. Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent,
England

46. Hinduism
• has no single founder
• is often called the "oldest religion" or "oldest
living religion" in the world
• is the dominant religion of the Indian
subcontinent, particularly of India and Nepal
• Temple – place of worship
• Guru - teacher

47. The Swaminarayan Akshardham Temple in Delhi,
according the Guinness World Records is the World’s
Largest Comprehensive Hindu Temple[

48. Islam
• Youngest of the world’ religions
• The majority of Muslims live in Asia and Africa
- Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Turkey and
Iran in the non-arab Middle East, in Africa,
Egypt and Nigeria
• Mosque – place of worship
• Caliph or Imam - teachers

49. The Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia is
the center of Islam

50. Judaism
• Religion of the Jewish people
• holds that God revealed his laws and
commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai
• Synagogue – place of Worship
• Rabbi- spiritual leader
• Majority are in Israel and USA

51. The Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue, located
in Safed, Israel

52. It may be the oldest synagogue in
Israel that is still in use.

55. Roman - The arch and the dome
The Collosseum – Rome, Italy

56. Egyptian - sun-baked mud brick and stone
Pyramids of Giza

57. Asian Architecture

58. East Asian - Roofs with a sweeping curvature that rises
at the corners of the roof.
Forbidden City – Beijing, China

59. Hwaseong Fortress, Gyeonggi
Province, South Korea

60. Matsumoto Castle in Matsumoto, Nagano,
Completed in 1600

61. SE Asian – Stupa, is a mound-like or semi-hemispherical
structure containing Buddhist relics
Phra Pathommachedi is the tallest stupa in the world in Nakhom
Pathom, Thailand

62. Dravidian (South Indian)-are dependent on intricate carved
stone in order to create a step design consisting of many statues
of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers.

63. Islamic
• The horseshoe arch, ogees and the onion
dome became a popular feature in Islamic
structures
• Minarets or slender towers
• Colonnaded or arcaded porticos

64. The Taj Mahal

65. The Shah Mosque in Isfahan, Iran

66. European Architecture

67. Byzantine – dome over a square area
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey

68. Romanesque - semi-circular arches, massive
quality, thick walls, round arches, large towers
Lisbon Cathedral, Lisbon, Portugal
Maria Laach Abbey, Germany

69. Gothic - the pointed arch, spires, steeples
Salisbury Cathedral, England

70. Oudenaarde Town Hall , Belgium

71. Notre Dame, Paris, France
West Side
East Side

72. Renaissance - Orderly arrangements of columns, the use
of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes, ceilings are
frequently painted or decorated.
St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City
Michaelangelo Buonarotti’s
masterpiece
The greatest creation of the
Renaissance

73. A section of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, Vatican
City

74. Baroque - an external façade often characterized by a
dramatic central projection, large-scale ceiling frescoes, opulent
use of colour and ornaments
Palace of Versailles, France

75. The Queen’s Chamber , Versailles

76. Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

77. Rococo -
ornate and made strong usage of creamy, pastellike colours, curves and gold, had more playful and often witty
artistic themes
Ottobueren Abbey, Bavaria, Germany

79. American Architecture

80. Georgian - Chimneys on both sides of the home, Small
6-paned sash windows and/or dormer windows in the upper
floors, Larger windows with 9 or 12 panes on the main floors
Westover Plantation, Virginia, USA

81. Antebellum - Greek revival style plantation houses
and mansions in Southern USA