bahan kuliah pertama ELDA

1. Elektronika Daya
Pekik Argo Dahono

2. Elektronika Daya
Disiplin ilmu yang mempelajari penggunaan teknologi
elektronika dalam konversi energi (daya) elektrik.
Mengapa energi (daya) elektrik perlu dikonversikan?
• Hampir semua peralatan listrik bekerja kurang
efisien atau tidak bisa bekerja pada sumber energi
(daya) elektrik yang tersedia.
• Banyak pembangkit energi (daya) elektrik
nonkonvensional mempunyai bentuk yang tidak
kompatibel dengan sumber energi (daya) elektrik
lainnya.

3. Konverter Daya
Daya masukan Daya keluaran
Konverterdaya Beban
Pengukuran
Pengukuran
Pengendali
Acuan

4. Konverter Sinyal dan Daya
Konverter Sinyal Konverter Daya
Sinyal masuk Sinyal keluar Daya masuk Daya keluar
Daya masuk Sinyal masuk

5. Regulator tegangan
R1
Rv
Io Vi Io
Vi
R2 Vo
Ro Vo
Ro

6. Switching Regulator
Ts
Ii Vi
Io
Vo TON
0
Vi Vo Load
Io
0
Ii
0
TON
Vo = Vi
Ts

7. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Switching Regulator
Advantages:
• High efficient and small size
• Reliable
Disadvantages:
• The control is more complicated
• EMC problems

8. Linear and Switching Power Supplies
Io
220 V/ 50 Hz Vo
Io
•
220 V/ 50 Hz Load Vo
•

9. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Switching Power Supplies
Advantages:
• High efficient and small size
• DC filter capacitor is working at high voltage
(Energy stored is high)
• The reactive component requirements are small.
Disadvantages:
• Control is more complicated
• EMC problems

10. Power Supply Comparison
Power Density Efficiency
Linear Power <0.12 W/cm3 <40%
Supply
SMPS 6W/cm3 >95%

11. Variable Speed Pumping System
Pipe characteristic 2
Head/Press ure
Pipe characteristic 1
H2
H1
Pump characteristic 1
H3
Pump characteristic 2
Q2 Q1 Flow

12. Klasifikasi Konverter Daya
• Konverter DC-ke-DC (Chopper)
• Konverter AC-ke-DC (Penyearah)
• Konverter DC-ke-AC (Inverter)
• Konverter AC-ke-AC (Cycloconverter/Matrix)

13. Power Electronic Applications

14. Power Electronic Applications
in Power Generation
• Excitation system
• Automatic Voltage Regulator
• Variable Speed Power Generation (Hydro,
Wind, Microturbine gas)
• Power Conditioners for Renewable Power
Generation (Fuel cells, solar cells)
• Energy Storage

15. Excitation System in Brushless AC Generator
D1 D3 D5
Rotor
D2 D4 D6
Stator
Exciter Main generator

16. Renewable Energy System

17. Power Electronic Applications in
Power Transmission
• High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission
• Static VAR Compensators
• Series Compensation
• Phase Shifters
• Dynamic Braking
• Flexible AC Transmission System
• High-Speed Circuit Breakers

18. Static VAR Compensator
• Improving power factor
• Reducing voltage drop and losses
• Increasing maximum power transfer
• Improving damping factor

19. HVDC Transmission System
DC Line
AC System
AC System
Converter Converter
Two - terminals
dc system
• Asynchronous links
• Suitable for long distance transmission and
underground cable transmission
• Improving damping factor

20. Power Electronic Applications in
Power Distribution
• Static VAR Compensators
• Power Conditioners
• Active Filters
• Unified Power Conditioners
• Dynamic Voltage Restorers
• High-Speed Circuit Breakers
• Light High-Voltage Direct-Current Distribution
• Power conditioners for distributed power
generation

21. Active Filter
is
AC source
Ls
if ih
es
Harmonic
Active source
filter

22. Power Electronic Applications in
Transportation Industries
• High-Speed Trains
• Electric vehicles
• Elevators
• Airplanes
• Ships
• Unmanned vehicles

23. PWM Inverter for Electric Traction
Pantograph
PWM Inverter
Traction Motors

24. TGV

25. Shinkansen

26. Power Electronic Applications in
Industries
• Rolling mills
• Variable speed pump systems
• Cement kilns
• Rolling ball mills
• Robotics
• Electrolysis

27. Variable Speed Drives
Smoothing
inductor
AC Motor
AC source
3φ
Smoothing
capacitor
vout
Controlled Square - wave
rectifier inverter
AC Motor
AC source
3φ
Smoothing
capacitor
vout
Uncontrolled PWM inverter
rectifier

28. Power Electronic Applications in
Home Appliances
• Microwave heating
• Air conditioners
• Refrigerators
• Toasters
• Cookers
• Vacuum cleaners
• Wash machines

29. Power Electronic Applications in
Information Industries
• DC power supplies
• Distributed power supplies
• Power conditioners
• Uninterruptible power supplies
• Battery chargers
• Voltage Regulator Modules

30. Is power electronics new technology?
Power electronics have been developed since the
beginning of 20th century when mercury arc and
vacuum tubes technology was emerged.
Power conversion has been known for a long time by
using a combination of electrical machinery.
Power electronics development has grown very fast
since the introduction of thyristor or SCR
(Semiconductor controlled rectifier) in nineteen
fifties.

31. Interdiciplinary nature of power electronics
Control Circuit
Signal theory theory
processing
Electronics
Power
Solid - state Power Electronics systems
physics
Computer Electric
machines
Electromagnetics

32. Current Challenges
• Voltage regulator modules for microprocessors
• Embedded inverter for motor drives
• Intelligent power ICs
• Flexible AC power transmission systems
• Custom power distribution system
• Unified power conditioners
• Renewable energy power generation system

33. Microprocessor operating voltages

34. Matriks saklar
S1 S3
Vi u v
Load
S2 S4

35. Penyearah tak terkendali
Vi
S1 S3
S1
Vi u v S2
Load
S3
S2 S4
S4
v uv

36. Penyearah terkendali
Vi
S1
S1 S3
S2
Vi u v
Load
S3
S4
S2 S4
v uv

37. AC regulator
Vi
S1 S3 S1
Vi u v
S2
Load
S3
S2 S4
S4
v uv

38. Phase-Controlled AC-AC Cycloconverter
S1 S3
+
ei Beban vo
S2 S4

39. Konverter DC-ke-DC
Vi
S1 S3
S1
Vi u v S2
Load
S3
S2 S4
S4
v uv

40. Inverter PWM
Vi
S1 S3
S1
S2
Vi u v
Load
S3
S4
S2 S4
v uv

41. Understanding Power Electronic Circuits
• Consider all power semiconductor switches as
ideal switches
• Ideal switches have no voltage drop, no leakage
current, and transition times are zero.
• Practical considerations are given in detailed
design.
• Background on signal electronics is useful to
understand power electronics.

42. Tugas Kelompok I
• Sebutkan peralatan rumah-tangga yang menggunakan teknologi
elektronika daya. Jelaskan peran rangkaian elektronika daya pada
peralatan ini (salah satu).
• Sebutkan peralatan kantor yang menggunakan elektronika daya pada
peralatan kantor (salah satu).
• Jelaskan prinsip mobil hibrida. Jelaskan mengapa mobil hibrida lebih
efisien dibanding mobil konvensional.
• “Saving energy by using more electricity” merupakan salah satu jargon
untuk menghemat energi saat ini. Jelaskan maksudnya.
• “Power electronics for peace environment” merupakan salah satu
jargon para ahli elektronika daya. Jelaskan maksudnya.
• Apa keuntungan transmisi daya arus searah dibanding transmisi daya
arus bolak-balik. Sebutkan contoh penerapan transmisi daya arus
searah di dunia.
• FACTS (Flexible Transmission AC Systems) merupakan contoh
penerapan elektronika daya dalam transmisi daya arus bolak-balik.
Jelaskan maksudnya.