2. Definition of
occupational health
Occupational health is broadly defined in the
occupational health and safety encyclopedia
as being concerned with physical mental and
social wellbeing of man in relation to his
work and working environment, his adjustment
to work and adjustment of work to him.
[Forsman1976].
3. occupational safety
It is the protection of employee from the
occupational hazards. It is the health and
wellbeing of people employed in a work
environment.
4. occupational health
anD safety
ā¢ Occupational health and safety encompasses
the social, mental and physical wellbeing of
worker that is the āwhole personā.
5. occupational
enViRonMent:
ā¢ Man and physical, chemical
and biological agents.
ā¢ Man and machine.
ā¢ Man and man.
7. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
ā¢ It is the danger to the health ,limb, or life
that is inherent in ,or is associated with a
particular occupation,industry,or work
environment. Occupational hazard include
risk of accident and of contracting
occupational diseases
20. OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE:
Disease due to physical agent
Disease due to chemical agents
Disease due to biological agents
Occupational cancer
Occupational dermatosis
Disease of psychological origin
24. Preventive m. easures:
1. Use of safer types of asbestos
2. Substitution of other insulants ā glass fiber,
mineral wood, calcium silicate, plastic foams.
3. Dust control and biological monitoring
4. Periodic examination of workers and
continuing research.
25. OCCUPATIONAL CANCER
The characteristics of occupational cancer are:
ā¢They appear after prolonged exposure
ā¢ The period between exposure and development of
disease may be 10 to 25 years.
ā¢The disease may develop even after cessation of
exposure.
ā¢The localization of tumors is remarkably constant in
any one occupation.
28. RADIATION HAZARDS
Preventive measures:
ā¢Shielding of workers in x-ray field
ā¢The employees should be monitored at intervals
ā¢Suitable protective clothing
ā¢Adequate ventilation in work place to prevent
inhalation of harmful gases and dust.
ā¢Replacement and periodic examination of workers in
every 2 months.
ā¢Pregnant women should not be allowed to work in
risky areas.
29. LEAD POISONING
Preventive measures:
ā¢Substitution of lead with less toxic materials.
ā¢Isolation of all
ā¢Local exhaust ventilation.
ā¢Personal protection, personal hygiene and good
housekeeping
ā¢Periodic examination of workers and health education.
ā¢Medical management
33. 1. MEDICAL MEASURES:
ā¢Pre-placement examination
ā¢Periodical examination
ā¢Medical and health care services
ā¢Notification
ā¢Supervision of working environment
ā¢Maintenance and analysis of records
ā¢ Health education and counseling
34. 2. ENGINEERING
MEASURES:
ā¢ Design of building
ā¢ Dust ā enclosure and isolation
ā¢ Good housekeeping
ā¢ Local exhaust ventilation
ā¢ General ventilation
ā¢ Protective devices
ā¢ Mechanization
ā¢ Environmental monitoring
35. ā¢ LEGISLATION:
The most important factory laws in India today
are ;
ā¢The Factory Act , 1948
The Employees State Insurance Act , 1948
36. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
CONTROL
The hospital infection control nurse and
infection control committee are concerned with
the prevention, surveillance and control of
nosocomial infection.
For airborne and droplet aerosol exposure, skin
exposure ,preventive measures should taken.
FOOD SAFETY
Hospital kitchens prepares meals for inpatient
and many cases prepare meals for staff canteen
.The food storage ,handling and preparation
should be done to the highest standard to avoid
any risk to already sick or compromised patient.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
38. Personal (Staff) Protection ā
Physical Hazards
ā¢Radiation Exposure
ā¢Burns due to Steam Sterilizing
ā¢
ā¢Laser Burns
ā¢Back Injury
ā¢Electrical Defibrillators
ā¢Personal Violence
39. Personal (Staff) Protection ā
Chemical Hazards
ā¢ Controlling che mical hazards
ā¢ Elimination
ā¢ Substitution
ā¢ Isolation
ā¢ Enclosure
ā¢ Ventilation
ā¢ Personal
ā¢ Personal hygiene
ā¢ General cleanliness
40. Personal (Staff) Protection ā
Biological Hazards
Management
ā¢ Appropriate washing for mouth, eyes or
skin exposure
ā¢ First aid for penetrating sharps injury
ā¢ Prophylaxis for high risk exposure
ā¢ Testing of the source if possible
ā¢ Testing and follow up of exposed staff
ā¢ Incident reporting.
41. Personal (Staff) Protection ā
Psychological Hazards
ā¢ Shift work, on call d uty, fatigue and
āburn outā.
ā¢ High workload and demand.
ā¢ High or unrealistic patient expectations.
ā¢ Verbal abuse or threats from intoxicated
patients.
ā¢ High or unrealistic expectations from
supervisors and management.
ā¢ Problematic interpersonal work
relationships.
42. OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH NURSE
Typical OHN Activities:
ā¢Observation and assessment of both the worker
and the work environment.
ā¢Interpretation and evaluation of the worker's
medical and occupational history
ā¢Interpretation of medical diagnosis to workers
and their employers.
ā¢Identification of abnormalities.
ā¢Description of the worker's response to the
exposures.
ā¢Management of occupational and non-occupational
illness and injury.
43. Role of the Occupational Health Nurse
in Workplace Health Management
44. ETHICS IN OCCUPATIONAL
NURSING
1.Occupational Health Practice must be
performed according to the highest
professional standards and ethical principles
2. The obligations of occupational health
professionals include protecting the life and
the health of the worker, respecting human
dignity
3. Occupational health professionals are
experts who must enjoy full professional
independence in the execution of their
functions.