3. The World is on the M.O.VE.
By 2015…
There will be 5B mobile Global mobile traffic will
devices and grow 26X to 6.3 EB/mo
1.5B M2M nodes
www.cisco.com/go/vni
Video will be 66% of all mobile traffic
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Forecast, 2010–2015
4. Cost & Capacity Advantage of Ethernet
Stay on $37,044
TDM TDM Costs
$40,000
Escalate Directly
22 Mbps 23 Mbps with Bandwidth
$30,000 19 Mbps
17 Mbps
14 Mbps
$20,000 Move to IP/
Ethernet
$10,000 $6,887 Ethernet Costs
Less per Bit,
24 Mbps 35 Mbps 42 Mbps 49 Mbps Flat Cost Structure
28 Mbps
$0
CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13
Backhaul Charges per Connection TDM IP/Ethernet
6. Regional Demand by Volume & Technology
Unified Insight
• Backhaul networks must
make rapid evolution to
Ethernet/IP in order handle
traffic loads, and cut
operational costs
5
8. Mobile Internet Architecture
Distributed to Scale with non-linear M.O.VE Demands
SP Third-Party
Content Content
Cloud
National National
IP Core
Carrier Grade IPv6
Data Center/ Data Center/
Cloud/VHO Cloud/VHO
Network
CGv6
Regional Regional
Data EPC/Edge Data
Center/VSO Center/VSO
Client
Unified
RAN
Business
10. TDM migration needs
• TDM technology imposes heavy OPEX and
CAPEX issues on the mobile operators
• TDM bandwidth scaling results linear escalated
costs
• TDM equipment is getting obsolete, as long as
the people expertise in the technology
11. TDM migration path
Legacy
Network
Carrier
Ethernet
RAN Non- GIWF UNI UNI GIWF Non- RAN
BS Ethernet Network Ethernet NC
I/F I/F
• Move from dual backbone network into
a converged packet based network
Carrier
Ethernet
RAN Non- GIWF UNI Network UNI GIWF Non- RAN
BS Ethernet Ethernet NC
I/F I/F
12. Migration challenge – time synchronization
• Migrating the backhaul to packet based network
while using Circuit Emulation Service (CES) will
require clock synchronization on both ends
• Multiple clock domains can be supported by use
of “differential clock”
• CES requires only frequency synchronization,
that can be achieved by using ACR, SyncE and
1588v2 technologies
14. 2G / 3G / 4G Cell Site Design
• 2G / 3G Cell site
• 4G cell site
15. Why use 1588v2 for the migration
• Not a bookended solution
• New mechanisms to increase accuracy
– 1588v2 Transparent Clock
– 1588v2 Boundary Clock
• Future proof for 4G support – can support phase
synchronization as well
19. Synchronization Options
From Frequency to Frequency + Time (Phase)
GNSS with PTP (SyncE) Holdover
GNSS with Rubidium (SyncE) Holdover
PTP with Rubidium (SyncE) Holdover
GNSS, PTP, Rubidium - You Need 2 Out of 3
20. IEEE 1588-2008 (PTP) Defined
Protocol Specification ratified by IEEE for providing
precise timing and frequency over packet-based
networks
IEEE 1588 PTP History
1588 PTP 2002 (also called v.1) - approved in 2002
1588 PTP 2008 (also called v.2) - approved in 2008
• Introduction of PTP Profile concept
ITU-T Telecom Profile for frequency (G.8265.1)
• Approved in 2010
IEEE 1588–2008 is the second
version of a mature IEEE standard
21. IEEE 1588-2008 & Interoperability
Telecom Profile Objectives
• Meet the performance criteria for
synchronization of cellular basestations
when operating over managed networks
• Allow interoperability between PTP
Grandmasters and PTP Slave clocks
• Allow co-existence with other sync
networks (such as SyncE and SDH)
• To enable the design of protection
schemes compatible with existing sync
networks
G.8265.1 Telecom Profile defines the key parameters for
interoperability among vendors
22. SyncWorld™ Ecosystem Program
Symmetricom® has
established the
SyncWorld™ Ecosystem
Program to enable
interoperability and
cooperation among the
vendors to ensure delivery
of precise timing and
synchronization services
across the network
25. Carrier Ethernet Maturity Alongside
1588/1588v2
Heavy Reading
• Carrier Ethernet maturity has provided a foundation for available
and predictable CE backhaul services in the last few years in
parallel with 1588/1588v2 maturity
– Standards maturity e.g. MEF
– Vendor adoption e.g. networking, testing, management
– Interoperability testing e.g. EANTC, ecosystems
– Competitive CE services
26. 1588v2 Adaption to all Forms of Backhaul
Transport
Heavy Reading Dec. 2010
• 1588v2 being supported across all Ethernet transport options
• Microwave dominates global mobile backhaul –> migrating to Hybrid & All Ethernet
• 1588v2 deployment ease is dependent on a reliable and predictable backhaul network,
including microwave
27. Some Unique Attributes of Microwave
Backhaul for Supporting 1588v2
1588v2
1588v2 Slave
Grandmaster
Clock
Clock
~ ~
2G/3G/4G
~
1588v2 over Ethernet Microwave Over Multiple Hops Primary
Reference
Clock
• Microwave ‘last mile’ is typically many miles over multiple hops - > engineer for delay and
jitter to support 1588v2
~ ~
1588v2
Grandmaster
1588v2 over Ethernet Clock
~
Microwave over Protected
~ Rings ~
Primary
1588v2 Reference Clock
Slave ~ ~
Clocks
28. Some Unique Attributes of Microwave
Backhaul for Supporting 1588v2 Cont.
Microwave Adaptive Coding and Modulation
• Microwave transport is designed to accommodate a variable radio path -> ACM
prioritization for 1588v2
29. Some Guidelines to Ease 1588v2 over
Microwave Deployment
Proper engineering eases 1588v2 over microwave deployments, for example:
- Maintain an end to end link delay between 100-500uS per link
- Prioritize 1588v2 over other traffic and ensure consistent traffic management (QoS
policy, scheduling, shaping etc.) across the entire radio network
- Ensure that Synchronization traffic receives the highest priority in any ACM state
For more info, see Light Reading’s Mobile Backhaul Synchronization Briefing Center:
“Deploying IEEE 1588v2 Synchronization over Packet Microwave Networks” Application Note
http://www.lightreading.com/mobile_bh/
31. “On a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 is “highly likely” and 1 is “not likely at
all,” please rate the likelihood that your company will adopt the
following synchronization solutions as its preferred approaches to
provide synchronization of packet backhaul over the next three years”
32. Heavy Reading’s Backhaul
Synchronization Forecast
IEEE 1588
Synchronous Ethernet
T1/E1
GPS
Other
1,200,000
Global cell sites in live service with Ethernet Backhaul
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
End 2010 End 2011 End 2012 End 2013 End 2014 End 2015
36. The Global Cell Site Market
Unified Insight
• Backhaul networks must
simultaneously support Any
combination of 2G, 3G, 4G cell
sites
35
Source: Equipment vendors, service providers, press, and Heavy Reading estimates
