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Error and accuracy of rainforest
biomass estimation
Matt Bradford, Adam Mckeown, Anna Deffner
19th February 2013

SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS
Above ground biomass (AGB)

                                Location             Approx AGB (Mg/ha)             Source
         Solomon Is. and New Caledonia                        552         Keppel et al. (2007)
         Congo (Gilbertiodendron forest)                      535         Makana et al. (2011)
         Wet Tropics, QLD (uplands)                           500         CSIRO (unpublished)
         Borneo, SE Asia                                      457         Slik et al. (2010)
         Congo (mixed rainforest)                             399         Makana et al. (2011)
         Amazon basin                                         288         Malhi et al. (2006)
         Amazon basin central and eastern                     278         Baker et al. (2004)
         Wet Tropics, QLD (lowlands)                          270         Liddell et al. (2007)
         Barro Colorado Is. Panama                            270         Chave et al. (2004)
         Amazon basin north west                              221         Baker et al. (2004)
         Amazon basin south west                              207         Baker et al. (2004)




2 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Above ground biomass (AGB)

                                                                        Approx AGB
                     Location                            Forest type    (Mg/ha)                  Reference
      Wet Tropics, QLD (uplands)                     Rainforest               500    CSIRO (unpublished)
      Victoria                                       Tall Eucalypt            476    Tajchman et al. (1996)
      Batemans Bay, NSW                              Woodland                 397    Ximenes et al. (2006)
      Wombat SF, Vic                                 Woodland                 309    TERN supersite
      Wet Tropics, QLD (lowlands) Rainforest                                  270    Liddell et al. (2007)
      New England, NSW                               Woodland                 250    Yoa et al. (2011)
      SERF, Samford QLD                              Woodland                 200    TERN supersite
      South west WA                                  Mallee woodlands         150    Jonson and Freudberger (2011)
      South west WA                                  Woodland                 150    Jonson and Freudberger (2011)
      Northern Territory                             Woodland                 55     O'Grady et al. (2000)




3 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Above ground biomass (AGB) estimations
• Accuracy of AGB estimations is influenced by:

 • measurement error
 • algorithm suitability
   – availability of wood density and height
   – number of large trees
 • Size of measurement unit
 • Biomass held in understory and other life-forms

 How do we best collect and use our data to calculate
 an accurate AGB?




  4 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
AGB estimation in rainforest
• Large number of trees
• Large numbers of stems in understory
  • Approx 9500 stems/ha, 4.9% of biomass
• High plant diversity
  • Architecture
  • wood density (0.2-1.1g/cm3)




5 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot




6 |
      Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot




7 |
      Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot
ROBSON CREEK 25HA SUPERSITE. TREES
>=10CM DBH
Hectare          Subplot                                Team
Date

Tag #   DBH     POM              Species                HT East North   Codes
        (cm)     (m)                                    (m) (m) (m)




   8 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot
    • 23400 stems ≥10 cm DBH
    •Mean of 936 stems per hectare

    • 213 species from 50 families
    •Mean of 98 species per hectare (81-120)
    •Range of wood density from 0.2 – 1.0 g/cm3




9 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot
                         10000




                          8000
Number of observations




                          6000




                          4000                                                                                               2000




                          2000                                          1.2% of stems
                                                                                                                             1500
                                                                        19% of biomass



                                                                                                    Number of Observations
                             0
                                 10     30        50         70        90       110     130   160

                                                       Diameter at breast height (cm)
                                                                                                                             1000




                                                                                                                              500




                                                                                                                                0
                                                                                                                                    Species




                          10 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Variation in AGB                                                Chave et al. (2005)
                                                                AGB = 0.0509*DBH2*HT*wood density

                                       600




                                       500
        Above ground biomass (Mg/ha)




                                       400




                                       300




                                       200




                                       100




                                         0
                                                      Hectare



11 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Variation in AGB
                               50




                               40
   Above ground biomass (Mg)




                               30




                               20




                               10




                                0
                                                      20 x 20m subplot




12 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Variation in AGB
                               1200




                               1000
Above ground biomass (Mg/ha)




                                800

                                                                          Mean = 402.0 ± 159.6 SD
                                600




                                400
                                                                          Mean = 402.0 ± 56.9 SD


                                200




                                  0




                    13 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Estimation error – plot size
                                           0.25


                                                                                20 x 20 m plot
                                           0.20
                   Mean proportion error




                                           0.15




                                           0.10




                                           0.05




                                           0.00
                                                  0   5   10               15      20            25

                                                               Area (Ha)




14 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Estimation error – plot size
                                           0.25




                                           0.20

                                                                                     20*20
                   Mean proportion error




                                                                                     20*50
                                                                                     50*100
                                           0.15
                                                                                     100*100



                                           0.10




                                           0.05




                                           0.00
                                                  0   5   10               15   20             25

                                                               Area (Ha)



15 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Estimation accuracy – plot size
                   Probability of being within 5% of true value   1.0




                                                                  0.8


                                                                                                                                               20*20
                                                                  0.6                                                                          20*50
                                                                                                                                               50*100
                                                                                                                                               100*100

                                                                  0.4




                                                                  0.2




                                                                  0.0
                                                                        0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

                                                                                                                 Area (ha)



16 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
17 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Collaboration - LIDAR
                                                                 r2 = 0.90
                     LIDAR height estimate (m)   40




                                                 30




                                                 20




                                                 10




                                                  0
                                                      0   10       20                30   40

                                                               Measured height (m)




18 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Collaboration - LIDAR
            73 cm DBH stem

            LIDAR height = 43m
            AGB = 8.83 Mg

            CSIRO height = 44m
            AGB = 9.03 Mg


Mean 11 stems/ha >70 cm DBH

                AGB = 2.2 Mg/ha


19 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Accuracy of AGB estimation
•   Measurement error – height and DBH
•   Choice of algorithm – wood density
•   Number of large trees
•   Biomass held in understory and other life-forms
•   Size of measurement unit




20 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Thank you
Ecosystem Sciences
Matt Bradford
Research Projects Officer
t +61 7 40918825
e matt.bradford@csiro.au
w www.csiro.au/



ECOSYSTEM SCIENCES
22 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Collaboration
• Column plots of measured BA vs prism BA vs TLS BA




23 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
Collaboration
• May have to use BA comparisons
                                                                                                         2
                                                                                         p = 0.0000; r       = 0.9246
                                                                               500




                                                                               400

                                                      Calculated AGB (Mg/ha)

                                                                               300




                                                                               200




                                                                               100




                                                                                 0
                                                                                     0      10                   20         30             40   50

                                                                                                             Measured basal area (m2/ha)



24 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013

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Matt Bradford_Error and precision in rainforest biomass estimations

  • 1. Error and accuracy of rainforest biomass estimation Matt Bradford, Adam Mckeown, Anna Deffner 19th February 2013 SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEMS
  • 2. Above ground biomass (AGB) Location Approx AGB (Mg/ha) Source Solomon Is. and New Caledonia 552 Keppel et al. (2007) Congo (Gilbertiodendron forest) 535 Makana et al. (2011) Wet Tropics, QLD (uplands) 500 CSIRO (unpublished) Borneo, SE Asia 457 Slik et al. (2010) Congo (mixed rainforest) 399 Makana et al. (2011) Amazon basin 288 Malhi et al. (2006) Amazon basin central and eastern 278 Baker et al. (2004) Wet Tropics, QLD (lowlands) 270 Liddell et al. (2007) Barro Colorado Is. Panama 270 Chave et al. (2004) Amazon basin north west 221 Baker et al. (2004) Amazon basin south west 207 Baker et al. (2004) 2 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 3. Above ground biomass (AGB) Approx AGB Location Forest type (Mg/ha) Reference Wet Tropics, QLD (uplands) Rainforest 500 CSIRO (unpublished) Victoria Tall Eucalypt 476 Tajchman et al. (1996) Batemans Bay, NSW Woodland 397 Ximenes et al. (2006) Wombat SF, Vic Woodland 309 TERN supersite Wet Tropics, QLD (lowlands) Rainforest 270 Liddell et al. (2007) New England, NSW Woodland 250 Yoa et al. (2011) SERF, Samford QLD Woodland 200 TERN supersite South west WA Mallee woodlands 150 Jonson and Freudberger (2011) South west WA Woodland 150 Jonson and Freudberger (2011) Northern Territory Woodland 55 O'Grady et al. (2000) 3 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 4. Above ground biomass (AGB) estimations • Accuracy of AGB estimations is influenced by: • measurement error • algorithm suitability – availability of wood density and height – number of large trees • Size of measurement unit • Biomass held in understory and other life-forms How do we best collect and use our data to calculate an accurate AGB? 4 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 5. AGB estimation in rainforest • Large number of trees • Large numbers of stems in understory • Approx 9500 stems/ha, 4.9% of biomass • High plant diversity • Architecture • wood density (0.2-1.1g/cm3) 5 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 6. Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot 6 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 7. Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot 7 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 8. Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot ROBSON CREEK 25HA SUPERSITE. TREES >=10CM DBH Hectare Subplot Team Date Tag # DBH POM Species HT East North Codes (cm) (m) (m) (m) (m) 8 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 9. Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot • 23400 stems ≥10 cm DBH •Mean of 936 stems per hectare • 213 species from 50 families •Mean of 98 species per hectare (81-120) •Range of wood density from 0.2 – 1.0 g/cm3 9 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 10. Robson Creek 25ha rainforest plot 10000 8000 Number of observations 6000 4000 2000 2000 1.2% of stems 1500 19% of biomass Number of Observations 0 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 160 Diameter at breast height (cm) 1000 500 0 Species 10 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 11. Variation in AGB Chave et al. (2005) AGB = 0.0509*DBH2*HT*wood density 600 500 Above ground biomass (Mg/ha) 400 300 200 100 0 Hectare 11 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 12. Variation in AGB 50 40 Above ground biomass (Mg) 30 20 10 0 20 x 20m subplot 12 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 13. Variation in AGB 1200 1000 Above ground biomass (Mg/ha) 800 Mean = 402.0 ± 159.6 SD 600 400 Mean = 402.0 ± 56.9 SD 200 0 13 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 14. Estimation error – plot size 0.25 20 x 20 m plot 0.20 Mean proportion error 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 Area (Ha) 14 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 15. Estimation error – plot size 0.25 0.20 20*20 Mean proportion error 20*50 50*100 0.15 100*100 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 5 10 15 20 25 Area (Ha) 15 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 16. Estimation accuracy – plot size Probability of being within 5% of true value 1.0 0.8 20*20 0.6 20*50 50*100 100*100 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Area (ha) 16 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 17. 17 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 18. Collaboration - LIDAR r2 = 0.90 LIDAR height estimate (m) 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 Measured height (m) 18 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 19. Collaboration - LIDAR 73 cm DBH stem LIDAR height = 43m AGB = 8.83 Mg CSIRO height = 44m AGB = 9.03 Mg Mean 11 stems/ha >70 cm DBH AGB = 2.2 Mg/ha 19 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 20. Accuracy of AGB estimation • Measurement error – height and DBH • Choice of algorithm – wood density • Number of large trees • Biomass held in understory and other life-forms • Size of measurement unit 20 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 21. Thank you Ecosystem Sciences Matt Bradford Research Projects Officer t +61 7 40918825 e matt.bradford@csiro.au w www.csiro.au/ ECOSYSTEM SCIENCES
  • 22. 22 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 23. Collaboration • Column plots of measured BA vs prism BA vs TLS BA 23 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013
  • 24. Collaboration • May have to use BA comparisons 2 p = 0.0000; r = 0.9246 500 400 Calculated AGB (Mg/ha) 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Measured basal area (m2/ha) 24 | Rainforest biomass Matt Bradford February 2013