8. PBL: learning in 7 steps phase 1 pre discussion (group) phase 2 (individual) phase 3 post discussion (group) understand material divergent convergent individual synthesis step 1 clarify text and terms step 2 formulate problem statement(s) step 3 problem analysis step 4 inventory of problem and solutions step 5 formulating self study objectives step 6 self study step 7 synthesis and conclusion