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Preventing and Managing
Supply Chain Disruptions
Prepared and Presented by:

Thomas L. Tanel, C.P.M., CTL, CISCM, CCA
CATTAN Services Group, Inc.
“The three areas where companies
find that risk has increased most
are macro-economic uncertainty,
commodity price volatility, and
currency risk.”—Kairos Commodities
Risk Management Survey
Agenda Outline
I. Supply Chain Risk Concerns in A VUCA World
II. Risk, Drivers, Generators, and Amplifiers
III. Preventing Supply Chain Disruption
IV. SCRM Process Model
V. Risk Identification and Analysis
VI. Risk Threat Assessment and Criteria
VII.Risk Mitigation Methodology & Planning
VIII.SCCP and Due Diligence
I. Supply Chain Risk Concerns in A
VUCA World
Supply Chain Risk Management—
Strategic Imperative
"Risk management is a
strategic imperative for any
large company with a global
supply chain," says Scott
Singer, director of global
supply management at
United Technologies Corp.

5
What Is A VUCA World?

6
Supply Chain Executives Face Increasing
Concerns about Mitigating Logistics Risk
• The World Economic Forum Report Global Risks 2012

• According to ChainLink’s research for 2012, companies
will increasingly turn to risk-reduction approaches.

• The New Supply Chain Advantage—Factory Mutual
Global report says “supply chains have been stretched
farther than they have ever been stretched in the past.”
II. Risk, Drivers, Generators, and
Amplifiers

“It ain’t what you do know
that gets you into trouble.
It’s what you know for
sure that just ain’t so.”—
Mark Twain
Most Common Supply Chain Risks I
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Financial instability, bankruptcy, or financial failure of a supplier
Fire, chemical spill, etc. at the supplier firm
Problems in electronically sharing information with suppliers
Suppliers incorrectly interpreting our requirements
Natural disasters or “acts of God” affecting suppliers’ operations
Political instability, terrorism, civil strife, or war affecting
suppliers’ operations
Reduced accuracy of forecasts and plans
Long physical distances between buyer and suppliers
Inability to influence /manage suppliers
Lack of alternative sources of supply
Labor availability, slowdowns, strikes, and quality of workforce
Health issues, disease, quarantines, and pandemics
Inadequate production capacity and poor logistics and
transportation infrastructure
Unanticipated spikes in demand
IT and communications network shortfalls
Political graft, bribery, and corruption
In-transit water damage, spoilage, and contamination
9

Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. Research
Most Common Supply Chain Risks II
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•
•

Inability of supplier to meet increases or seasonality in required volumes
Product or service quality issues
New or unproven product/process technology being used by suppliers
Transportation disruptions or terrorism infiltration with inbound supply
channels
Variability in transportation times with inbound supply channels
Port congestion gridlock and customs delays
Theft, piracy, pilferage, and hijacking
Possibility of suppliers putting your firm on allocation
Incoming product quality problems
Labor/management problems at suppliers
Currency rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations
Material price fluctuation swings
Volatile fuel prices, extra surcharges, and energy shortages
Longer cycle times and increased inventory
Extra administration and additional costs for expediting, follow-up, and
premium freight
Unit of measure accounting and inventory discrepancies
Meeting SOX requirements and compliance costs
Government, trade, and regulatory actions
Power and electric grid disruptions, failures, brownouts, and blackouts

Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. Research

10
Supply Chain Risk Driver Generators
Supply chain risk is about any
threat of interruption to the
workings of the supply chain.
Risk may be generated as a result
of risk 'drivers' that are either
internal or external to the
organization’s supply chain.

External Drivers

Examples:
•S–Fire, chemical spill, etc. at the supplier firm
•D–Unanticipated spikes in demand
•E–Health issues, disease and pandemics
•O–Longer cycle times and increased inventory
•P–Product or service quality issue

Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.

Internal
Drivers
11
Supply Chain Disruption Amplifiers
The impact of supply chain disruptions increases when any of
the following product/process complexity parameters
increase in a given supply chain:
• Product complexity (number of parts, levels in bill of material,
difficulty in meeting specifications)
• Proprietary technology
• Value of product
• Quality requirements
• Supplier manufacturing capacity
• Uniqueness of parts
• Part size

Source: Supply Chain Research Consortium at North Carolina State University

12
Supply Chain Disruption Amplified
In their 2005 study of the financial effect of supply chain disruptions, Kevin
Hendricks, formerly of the University of Western Ontario, and Vinod
Singhal, of the Georgia Institute of Technology, revealed a significant
financial impact on performance, as operating income dropped by 107%,
return on sales by 115% and return on assets by 92%

13
Supply Chain Disruption Further
Amplified
Stock Market Response to
Global Events
How to Handle Disruptions in the
Supply Chain—Two Perspectives

Time

Disruptive Event Happens

Time
Risk Management in a Global

Economy—Survey Findings
• In one industry after another, supply chains
have been stretched farther than they have ever
been stretched in the past.
• Few have much experience managing supply
chain risk across oceans and continents.
• As organizations outsource or best cost country
source to developing countries, they
unknowingly take on greater exposure.
• While some of the best supply chain strategies
can help minimize costs and free you to focus on
core competencies, these same strategies also
may stretch your supply chain to the breaking
point and leave your organization vulnerable.
Source: The New Supply Chain Advantage—Factory Mutual Global

17
III. Preventing Supply Chain Disruption
"As firms move to leaner
operating models and
leverage global sourcing
models, uncertainty in both
supply and demand is growing
along with supply chain
complexity," said Mark
Hillman, research director,
AMR Research. "As a result,
the need to manage risk,
specifically in supply chain, is
on the rise."

19
Risk Management Process
SCRM
Strategy &
Objectives

SCRM
Mitigation &
SCCP Risk
Avoidance

Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.

SCCP Risk
Management
Tools

SCRM
Assessment
of
Data Sources

SCMR—Supply Chain Risk Management
SCCP—Supply Chain Continuity Planning
20
Risk Management Flowchart—Example
Risk Identification

Risk Assessment

Threat
Expertise
Threat Assessment
Identify
Threat

Identify Material
or Service

Quantify Severity
Of Threat

• Supply Chain
• Critical Logistics
Components

Yes

Plan for
Change

• Alternate Sources
• Alternate Material
• Ease of Manufacture
or Service
• Multiplicity of Threats

Material/Service Assessment
Internal Customer Assessment
Quantify Internal
Customer Risk

Risk Mitigation

Business
Case

Quantify Criticality
Of Material/Service

Identify
Changes

Risk Too
High?

• Proprietary Infringement
• Theft and Hijacking Security
• Sole Source/Lack of Alternate
• Inbound Pipeline Visibility
• Incoming Quality Implications
• Forecast Demand Capacity
• Reverse Logistics

No

Implement
Change
Risk
Database

Process Assessment
Assess Sourcing Process

Measure
Results
New
Tools

Risk
Metrics

• Sources of Supply
• Policy & Procedures
• Supplier Base Information
• Market Intelligence

21
Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. adapted in part from the Risk Management Guide for DOD Acquisition
IV. SCRM Process Model
Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM)
Process Model
1.

2.
Strategic Supply

3.

Chain Strategy and
Objectives

Risk Mitigation
Assessment
Risk Mitigation
Planning
Risk Mitigation
Plan
Implementation

Supply Chain
Risk Identification
and Risk Analysis

Supply Chain
Risk Assessment and Mitigation

Results
Risk Tracking and Supply Chain Continuity Plan
23

Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.
Strategic Supply Chain Objectives—
Example
Objective
A. Cultivate longterm relationships

Action Step

Date

A.1. Conduct a “Customer Rating by
Supplier Base” Survey.

01/

A.2.Implement a “Welcome Booklet”
Supplier Guide for use in the Purchasing
Department and establish a Supplier
Advisory Council (SAC).

05/

A.3.Communicate to our suppliers both our
mission and the
products/services/technology they
provide; include their successes and
results in supporting our long-term
business needs and the inherent risk.

01/ and
ongoing

A.4.Continue to hold quarterly “Supplier
Sourcing Group Day” meetings with our
suppliers.

Continue

24
Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.
“There needs to be a fundamental rethink of
management approaches. The still widespread
practice of focusing risk management systems on
observation and control of suppliers, and passing on
risks to upstream partners in the value-added chain,
has no future,” says Sven Marlinghaus, a partner at
BrainNet, and co-author of the study Risk
Management Reloaded — A Procurement Perspective.
“Nowadays, businesses that want to survive must
integrate their suppliers in a working partnership and
take an unobstructed view of the diversity and
interdependencies of risk factors that could endanger
security of supply.”

25
Supply Chain Strategic and Tactical
Risk Planning

26
Supply Chain Scenario Planning
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Focal Issue
Key Factors and Driving Forces
Critical Uncertainties
Scenario Logics
Scenario Experiences
Implications
Leading Indicators
Benefits of Supply Chain Scenario Planning
• Encourage people to break their standard world views
• Forced to consider possibilities may not have had any experience
• Better able to understand the source of disagreements

• Brings together the views of different departments
• May serve as signposts that the scenario is unfolding

• Helps in proactively assessing consequences
• Can help develop early warning systems
SCRM Scenario Planning Vision
V. Risk Identification and Analysis
Risk Identification
• The intent of risk identification is to answer the question
“what can go wrong?”
– Reviewing potential shortfalls against expectations, metrics, KPIs , and
KRAs and
– Analyzing negative trends

• Identify associated root causes, begin their documentation,
and set the stage for their successful management.
• The level of likelihood of each root cause is established
utilizing specified criteria.

31
SCM Is Managing Uncertainty
UnknownUnknown
U
n
k
n
o
w
n
/
K
n
o
w
n

Uncontrollable

1. Natural Disasters, Weather, & Epidemics
2. Energy and Fuel Price Swings
3. Supply Chain Compression & Reliability
4. Economic & Monetary Disruptions
5. Financial Viability of 3PLs & Carriers
6. Global Market Changes & Demand Shifts
7. Supply Chain Talent Brain Drain
8. Information & Communication Technology Change
9. Regulatory & Trade Environment
10. Panama Canal Expansion

KnownKnown

Controllable
32
Risk Analysis
• Risk has two critical elements: likelihood of
occurrence (probability) and severity of
impact or consequence (magnitude).
• The level and type of consequences of each
risk are established utilizing criteria such as
those described in the following slides.

33
Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example I
Level

Descriptor

Description

A

The event is expected to occur
in most circumstances

B

Almost
Certain
Likely

C

Possible

The event should occur at some
time

D

Low

The event will probably occur in
most circumstances

The event may occur only in
exceptional circumstances
34
Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example II
Descriptor Probability

Rank

Value

Highly Probable

>75%

High

5

Probable

>50%--<75%

Medium
High

4

Occasional

>25%--<50%

Medium

3

Remote

>10%--<25%

Medium
Low

2

Improbable

<10%

Low

1

35
Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example III
Level

Likelihood

Approximate Probability
of Occurrence

1

Not Likely

~10%

2

Low Likelihood

~30%

3

Likely

~50%

4

Highly Likely

~70%

5

Near Certainty

~90%

36
Cranfield University’s Cranfield
Management Research Institute
Centre for Logistics and Supply Chain
Management defines supply chain
vulnerability as “an exposure to
serious disturbance, arising from risks
within the supply chain as well as risks
external to the supply chain.”

37
Recent Trends of Global Supply Chains
Expose Organizations to Increased Supply Risk

38
Source: World Economic Forum and Accenture Research
Severity of Consequence Criteria—Example I
Level Descriptor
4

Critical

3

Major

2

Moderate

1

Minor

Description
General failure in meeting
strategic supply chain
objectives
Significant shortfall in
meeting strategic supply
chain objectives
Does not meet more than
one strategic supply chain
objectives
Does not meet a strategic
supply chain objectives

39
Severity of Impact Criteria—Example II
Descriptor

Rank

Value

Catastrophic

High

5

Critical

Medium
High

4

Serious

Medium

3

Marginal

Medium Low

2

Negligible

Low

1

40
VI. Risk Threat Assessment and Criteria
Risk Threat Assessment Guidelines
• To what degree is the threat information
CREDIBLE ?
• To what degree is the threat information
CORROBORATED ?
• To what degree is the threat SPECIFIC or
IMMINENT ?
• HOW GRAVE are the potential consequences
of the threat?
Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.

42
Risk Quadrant Continuum
HIGH
L O
i c
k c
e u
l o r
i f r
h e
o n
o c
d e

2
High
Likelihood
Low Severity
1
Low
Likelihood
Low Severity

LOW

4
High
Likelihood
High Severity
3
Low Likelihood
High Severity

Severity of Consequence or Impact

Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.

HIGH

43
Risk Mitigation Assessment Methodology
• Risk identification and valuation.
• Risk analysis, threat assessment, and vulnerability
assessment.
• Risk quantification of the likelihood of event
occurrence and the severity of impact or
consequence.
• Risk quantification ranking and priorities.
• Risk countermeasures and expected risk reduction.
Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.

44
Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example II
Descriptor Probability

Rank

Value

Highly Probable

>75%

High

5

Probable

>50%--<75%

Medium
High

4

Occasional

>25%--<50%

Medium

3

Remote

>10%--<25%

Medium
Low

2

Improbable

<10%

Low

1

45
Severity of Impact Criteria—Example II
Descriptor

Rank

Value

Catastrophic

High

5

Critical

Medium
High

4

Serious

Medium

3

Marginal

Medium Low

2

Negligible

Low

1

46
Risk Identification to Risk Analysis
Risk Analysis Likelihood and Impact Framework

Source: Westec Advanced Productivity Exposition by Quality Plus Engineering

47
Risk Analysis to Risk Mitigation
Risk Analysis Likelihood and Impact Framework

Source: Westec Advanced Productivity Exposition by Quality Plus Engineering

48
Risk Analysis Assessment
• Risk assessment
for all the
suppliers uses a
red, yellow, green
chart.
• Risks in the red
receive a higher
level of
management
attention than
risks in the yellow
or green zones.
VII. Risk Mitigation Methodology &
Planning
Risk Mitigation
• Having assessed all the risks and identified
those that require action, plans need to be
drawn up and responsibilities assigned to
control and mitigate these risks.
• Risks should be allocated to an owner, who is
responsible for managing them, possibly with
the help of other supply chain team members.
51
Risk Mitigation (Con’t)
• The allocation of risk should be dependent on
the assessment of the likelihood and
consequence of the risk and then the
identification of who is best able to control or
manage the risk.
• This is the most important aspect of any
significant purchase and something that we
should be involved in.
52
Risk Mitigation Planning
• The intent of risk mitigation planning is to
answer the question “what is our
approach for addressing this potential
unfavorable consequence?”
– Avoiding risk by eliminating the root cause
and/or consequence
– Controlling the cause or consequence
– Transferring the risk, and/or
– Assuming the level of risk and continuing on
the SC plan
“There is nothing more deceptive than an obvious fact”
53
Sherlock Holmes
Five Logistics Risk Management
Response Options
1. Infer logistical differences in a country’s
economic capability
2. Understand the bullwhip effect
3. Invest in redundancy
4. Increase velocity in sensing and responding
5. Create an adaptive supply chain community
Risk Management Response—
Logistical Dangers
Country Type Economic Capability
Differences that Impact Logistic Risks
Risk Management Response—
Bullwhip Effect
Wholesale
Distributors

Time

Time

Consumers

Retailers

Sales

Sales

Sales

Manufacturer

Sales

Multi-tier
Suppliers

Time

Bullwhip Effect—Supply Chain
Management and Uncertainty

Time
Risk Management Response—
Redundancy
• Respond to unforeseen events
• Careful analysis of supply chain tradeoffs
• Example
Risk Management Response—
Sensing and Responding
• Speed in sensing and responding can help
the firm overcome unexpected supply
problems.
• Failure to sense could lead to…

• Example
Risk Management Response—
Adaptability
• The most difficult risk management method to
implement effectively.
• Requires all supply chain elements to share the
same culture, work towards the same
objectives and benefit from financial gains.

• Example
Five Global Logistics Risk
Management Response Strategies
• Speculative Strategy

• Hedge Strategy
• Flexible Strategy
Five Global Logistics Risk
Management Response Strategies
• Avoidance Strategy
• Postponement Strategy
Risk Mitigation Plan Implementation
• The intent of risk mitigation plan execution is to
ensure successful risk mitigation occurs.
• This provides a coordination platform with senior
management and all supply chain stakeholders.
• It directs the SCRM team to execute the defined risk
mitigation plan and to provide a reporting
mechanism for on-going monitoring.

62
VIII. SCCP and Due Diligence
Supply Chain Continuity Plan (SCCP)
• Increasing globalization is forcing
organizations to get a better handle on
the risks and interdependencies in the
supply chain.
• As the supply chains get leaner, there is
less ability for the supply chain to absorb
or “soak up” the shocks that occur.
• Increasing velocity and length of global
supply chains has left many with more
questions than answers.
64
Supply Chain Continuity Plan (Con’t)
• Does your organization have the
wherewithal to implement a robust
Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM)
strategy?
• If not, do you feel that your organization is
flirting with disaster by not exploring and
investing in SCRM measures?
• SCMR is becoming an increasingly visible
multifaceted phenomenon! What are you
doing to mitigate it?
65
Thinking Through Supply Chain Risk—
Due Diligence
• Effective risk management includes activities
for risk identification, risk analysis, risk
handling, and risk monitoring.
• The unique nature of SCRM lies in the fact that
stakeholders and risks are distributed across
multiple, highly independent organizations.
• Proactive discovery and visibility of risks is the
key to effective risk management.

Source: Manage Your Supply Chain Risk-Society of Manufacturing Engineers

66
Thinking Through Supply Chain Risk—
Due Diligence (Con’t)
• Project managers will often observe that common
risks were effectively managed; it was the
unexpected risks that caused the biggest problems.
• In practical terms, the most effective approach for
addressing supply chain risk is for stakeholders
throughout the supply chain to work together to
identify potential risks and propose creative
solutions.

Source: Manage Your Supply Chain Risk-Society of Manufacturing Engineers

67
“But the sum and substance of risk
management is in the recognition of
variety. Surprise pursues us
relentlessly because we can never
have all the information we need for a
correct forecast every time. But life is
even harsher than that, for the
incomplete information we do have is
overwhelming, and getting more so all
the time.” says Peter Bernstein of the
Risk Analysis Center.

68
The Three Rules of Risk
1. Never risk more than
you can afford to lose.
2. Don't risk a lot to get
a little.
3. The odds matter.
Questions and Answers

70
THANKS for Taking The Risk

71

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Preventing and Managing Supply Chain Disruptions

  • 1. Preventing and Managing Supply Chain Disruptions Prepared and Presented by: Thomas L. Tanel, C.P.M., CTL, CISCM, CCA CATTAN Services Group, Inc.
  • 2. “The three areas where companies find that risk has increased most are macro-economic uncertainty, commodity price volatility, and currency risk.”—Kairos Commodities Risk Management Survey
  • 3. Agenda Outline I. Supply Chain Risk Concerns in A VUCA World II. Risk, Drivers, Generators, and Amplifiers III. Preventing Supply Chain Disruption IV. SCRM Process Model V. Risk Identification and Analysis VI. Risk Threat Assessment and Criteria VII.Risk Mitigation Methodology & Planning VIII.SCCP and Due Diligence
  • 4. I. Supply Chain Risk Concerns in A VUCA World
  • 5. Supply Chain Risk Management— Strategic Imperative "Risk management is a strategic imperative for any large company with a global supply chain," says Scott Singer, director of global supply management at United Technologies Corp. 5
  • 6. What Is A VUCA World? 6
  • 7. Supply Chain Executives Face Increasing Concerns about Mitigating Logistics Risk • The World Economic Forum Report Global Risks 2012 • According to ChainLink’s research for 2012, companies will increasingly turn to risk-reduction approaches. • The New Supply Chain Advantage—Factory Mutual Global report says “supply chains have been stretched farther than they have ever been stretched in the past.”
  • 8. II. Risk, Drivers, Generators, and Amplifiers “It ain’t what you do know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so.”— Mark Twain
  • 9. Most Common Supply Chain Risks I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Financial instability, bankruptcy, or financial failure of a supplier Fire, chemical spill, etc. at the supplier firm Problems in electronically sharing information with suppliers Suppliers incorrectly interpreting our requirements Natural disasters or “acts of God” affecting suppliers’ operations Political instability, terrorism, civil strife, or war affecting suppliers’ operations Reduced accuracy of forecasts and plans Long physical distances between buyer and suppliers Inability to influence /manage suppliers Lack of alternative sources of supply Labor availability, slowdowns, strikes, and quality of workforce Health issues, disease, quarantines, and pandemics Inadequate production capacity and poor logistics and transportation infrastructure Unanticipated spikes in demand IT and communications network shortfalls Political graft, bribery, and corruption In-transit water damage, spoilage, and contamination 9 Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. Research
  • 10. Most Common Supply Chain Risks II • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Inability of supplier to meet increases or seasonality in required volumes Product or service quality issues New or unproven product/process technology being used by suppliers Transportation disruptions or terrorism infiltration with inbound supply channels Variability in transportation times with inbound supply channels Port congestion gridlock and customs delays Theft, piracy, pilferage, and hijacking Possibility of suppliers putting your firm on allocation Incoming product quality problems Labor/management problems at suppliers Currency rate and foreign exchange rate fluctuations Material price fluctuation swings Volatile fuel prices, extra surcharges, and energy shortages Longer cycle times and increased inventory Extra administration and additional costs for expediting, follow-up, and premium freight Unit of measure accounting and inventory discrepancies Meeting SOX requirements and compliance costs Government, trade, and regulatory actions Power and electric grid disruptions, failures, brownouts, and blackouts Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. Research 10
  • 11. Supply Chain Risk Driver Generators Supply chain risk is about any threat of interruption to the workings of the supply chain. Risk may be generated as a result of risk 'drivers' that are either internal or external to the organization’s supply chain. External Drivers Examples: •S–Fire, chemical spill, etc. at the supplier firm •D–Unanticipated spikes in demand •E–Health issues, disease and pandemics •O–Longer cycle times and increased inventory •P–Product or service quality issue Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. Internal Drivers 11
  • 12. Supply Chain Disruption Amplifiers The impact of supply chain disruptions increases when any of the following product/process complexity parameters increase in a given supply chain: • Product complexity (number of parts, levels in bill of material, difficulty in meeting specifications) • Proprietary technology • Value of product • Quality requirements • Supplier manufacturing capacity • Uniqueness of parts • Part size Source: Supply Chain Research Consortium at North Carolina State University 12
  • 13. Supply Chain Disruption Amplified In their 2005 study of the financial effect of supply chain disruptions, Kevin Hendricks, formerly of the University of Western Ontario, and Vinod Singhal, of the Georgia Institute of Technology, revealed a significant financial impact on performance, as operating income dropped by 107%, return on sales by 115% and return on assets by 92% 13
  • 14. Supply Chain Disruption Further Amplified
  • 15. Stock Market Response to Global Events
  • 16. How to Handle Disruptions in the Supply Chain—Two Perspectives Time Disruptive Event Happens Time
  • 17. Risk Management in a Global Economy—Survey Findings • In one industry after another, supply chains have been stretched farther than they have ever been stretched in the past. • Few have much experience managing supply chain risk across oceans and continents. • As organizations outsource or best cost country source to developing countries, they unknowingly take on greater exposure. • While some of the best supply chain strategies can help minimize costs and free you to focus on core competencies, these same strategies also may stretch your supply chain to the breaking point and leave your organization vulnerable. Source: The New Supply Chain Advantage—Factory Mutual Global 17
  • 18. III. Preventing Supply Chain Disruption
  • 19. "As firms move to leaner operating models and leverage global sourcing models, uncertainty in both supply and demand is growing along with supply chain complexity," said Mark Hillman, research director, AMR Research. "As a result, the need to manage risk, specifically in supply chain, is on the rise." 19
  • 20. Risk Management Process SCRM Strategy & Objectives SCRM Mitigation & SCCP Risk Avoidance Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. SCCP Risk Management Tools SCRM Assessment of Data Sources SCMR—Supply Chain Risk Management SCCP—Supply Chain Continuity Planning 20
  • 21. Risk Management Flowchart—Example Risk Identification Risk Assessment Threat Expertise Threat Assessment Identify Threat Identify Material or Service Quantify Severity Of Threat • Supply Chain • Critical Logistics Components Yes Plan for Change • Alternate Sources • Alternate Material • Ease of Manufacture or Service • Multiplicity of Threats Material/Service Assessment Internal Customer Assessment Quantify Internal Customer Risk Risk Mitigation Business Case Quantify Criticality Of Material/Service Identify Changes Risk Too High? • Proprietary Infringement • Theft and Hijacking Security • Sole Source/Lack of Alternate • Inbound Pipeline Visibility • Incoming Quality Implications • Forecast Demand Capacity • Reverse Logistics No Implement Change Risk Database Process Assessment Assess Sourcing Process Measure Results New Tools Risk Metrics • Sources of Supply • Policy & Procedures • Supplier Base Information • Market Intelligence 21 Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. adapted in part from the Risk Management Guide for DOD Acquisition
  • 23. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) Process Model 1. 2. Strategic Supply 3. Chain Strategy and Objectives Risk Mitigation Assessment Risk Mitigation Planning Risk Mitigation Plan Implementation Supply Chain Risk Identification and Risk Analysis Supply Chain Risk Assessment and Mitigation Results Risk Tracking and Supply Chain Continuity Plan 23 Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.
  • 24. Strategic Supply Chain Objectives— Example Objective A. Cultivate longterm relationships Action Step Date A.1. Conduct a “Customer Rating by Supplier Base” Survey. 01/ A.2.Implement a “Welcome Booklet” Supplier Guide for use in the Purchasing Department and establish a Supplier Advisory Council (SAC). 05/ A.3.Communicate to our suppliers both our mission and the products/services/technology they provide; include their successes and results in supporting our long-term business needs and the inherent risk. 01/ and ongoing A.4.Continue to hold quarterly “Supplier Sourcing Group Day” meetings with our suppliers. Continue 24 Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc.
  • 25. “There needs to be a fundamental rethink of management approaches. The still widespread practice of focusing risk management systems on observation and control of suppliers, and passing on risks to upstream partners in the value-added chain, has no future,” says Sven Marlinghaus, a partner at BrainNet, and co-author of the study Risk Management Reloaded — A Procurement Perspective. “Nowadays, businesses that want to survive must integrate their suppliers in a working partnership and take an unobstructed view of the diversity and interdependencies of risk factors that could endanger security of supply.” 25
  • 26. Supply Chain Strategic and Tactical Risk Planning 26
  • 27. Supply Chain Scenario Planning 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Focal Issue Key Factors and Driving Forces Critical Uncertainties Scenario Logics Scenario Experiences Implications Leading Indicators
  • 28. Benefits of Supply Chain Scenario Planning • Encourage people to break their standard world views • Forced to consider possibilities may not have had any experience • Better able to understand the source of disagreements • Brings together the views of different departments • May serve as signposts that the scenario is unfolding • Helps in proactively assessing consequences • Can help develop early warning systems
  • 30. V. Risk Identification and Analysis
  • 31. Risk Identification • The intent of risk identification is to answer the question “what can go wrong?” – Reviewing potential shortfalls against expectations, metrics, KPIs , and KRAs and – Analyzing negative trends • Identify associated root causes, begin their documentation, and set the stage for their successful management. • The level of likelihood of each root cause is established utilizing specified criteria. 31
  • 32. SCM Is Managing Uncertainty UnknownUnknown U n k n o w n / K n o w n Uncontrollable 1. Natural Disasters, Weather, & Epidemics 2. Energy and Fuel Price Swings 3. Supply Chain Compression & Reliability 4. Economic & Monetary Disruptions 5. Financial Viability of 3PLs & Carriers 6. Global Market Changes & Demand Shifts 7. Supply Chain Talent Brain Drain 8. Information & Communication Technology Change 9. Regulatory & Trade Environment 10. Panama Canal Expansion KnownKnown Controllable 32
  • 33. Risk Analysis • Risk has two critical elements: likelihood of occurrence (probability) and severity of impact or consequence (magnitude). • The level and type of consequences of each risk are established utilizing criteria such as those described in the following slides. 33
  • 34. Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example I Level Descriptor Description A The event is expected to occur in most circumstances B Almost Certain Likely C Possible The event should occur at some time D Low The event will probably occur in most circumstances The event may occur only in exceptional circumstances 34
  • 35. Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example II Descriptor Probability Rank Value Highly Probable >75% High 5 Probable >50%--<75% Medium High 4 Occasional >25%--<50% Medium 3 Remote >10%--<25% Medium Low 2 Improbable <10% Low 1 35
  • 36. Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example III Level Likelihood Approximate Probability of Occurrence 1 Not Likely ~10% 2 Low Likelihood ~30% 3 Likely ~50% 4 Highly Likely ~70% 5 Near Certainty ~90% 36
  • 37. Cranfield University’s Cranfield Management Research Institute Centre for Logistics and Supply Chain Management defines supply chain vulnerability as “an exposure to serious disturbance, arising from risks within the supply chain as well as risks external to the supply chain.” 37
  • 38. Recent Trends of Global Supply Chains Expose Organizations to Increased Supply Risk 38 Source: World Economic Forum and Accenture Research
  • 39. Severity of Consequence Criteria—Example I Level Descriptor 4 Critical 3 Major 2 Moderate 1 Minor Description General failure in meeting strategic supply chain objectives Significant shortfall in meeting strategic supply chain objectives Does not meet more than one strategic supply chain objectives Does not meet a strategic supply chain objectives 39
  • 40. Severity of Impact Criteria—Example II Descriptor Rank Value Catastrophic High 5 Critical Medium High 4 Serious Medium 3 Marginal Medium Low 2 Negligible Low 1 40
  • 41. VI. Risk Threat Assessment and Criteria
  • 42. Risk Threat Assessment Guidelines • To what degree is the threat information CREDIBLE ? • To what degree is the threat information CORROBORATED ? • To what degree is the threat SPECIFIC or IMMINENT ? • HOW GRAVE are the potential consequences of the threat? Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. 42
  • 43. Risk Quadrant Continuum HIGH L O i c k c e u l o r i f r h e o n o c d e 2 High Likelihood Low Severity 1 Low Likelihood Low Severity LOW 4 High Likelihood High Severity 3 Low Likelihood High Severity Severity of Consequence or Impact Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. HIGH 43
  • 44. Risk Mitigation Assessment Methodology • Risk identification and valuation. • Risk analysis, threat assessment, and vulnerability assessment. • Risk quantification of the likelihood of event occurrence and the severity of impact or consequence. • Risk quantification ranking and priorities. • Risk countermeasures and expected risk reduction. Source: CATTAN Services Group, Inc. 44
  • 45. Levels of Likelihood Criteria—Example II Descriptor Probability Rank Value Highly Probable >75% High 5 Probable >50%--<75% Medium High 4 Occasional >25%--<50% Medium 3 Remote >10%--<25% Medium Low 2 Improbable <10% Low 1 45
  • 46. Severity of Impact Criteria—Example II Descriptor Rank Value Catastrophic High 5 Critical Medium High 4 Serious Medium 3 Marginal Medium Low 2 Negligible Low 1 46
  • 47. Risk Identification to Risk Analysis Risk Analysis Likelihood and Impact Framework Source: Westec Advanced Productivity Exposition by Quality Plus Engineering 47
  • 48. Risk Analysis to Risk Mitigation Risk Analysis Likelihood and Impact Framework Source: Westec Advanced Productivity Exposition by Quality Plus Engineering 48
  • 49. Risk Analysis Assessment • Risk assessment for all the suppliers uses a red, yellow, green chart. • Risks in the red receive a higher level of management attention than risks in the yellow or green zones.
  • 50. VII. Risk Mitigation Methodology & Planning
  • 51. Risk Mitigation • Having assessed all the risks and identified those that require action, plans need to be drawn up and responsibilities assigned to control and mitigate these risks. • Risks should be allocated to an owner, who is responsible for managing them, possibly with the help of other supply chain team members. 51
  • 52. Risk Mitigation (Con’t) • The allocation of risk should be dependent on the assessment of the likelihood and consequence of the risk and then the identification of who is best able to control or manage the risk. • This is the most important aspect of any significant purchase and something that we should be involved in. 52
  • 53. Risk Mitigation Planning • The intent of risk mitigation planning is to answer the question “what is our approach for addressing this potential unfavorable consequence?” – Avoiding risk by eliminating the root cause and/or consequence – Controlling the cause or consequence – Transferring the risk, and/or – Assuming the level of risk and continuing on the SC plan “There is nothing more deceptive than an obvious fact” 53 Sherlock Holmes
  • 54. Five Logistics Risk Management Response Options 1. Infer logistical differences in a country’s economic capability 2. Understand the bullwhip effect 3. Invest in redundancy 4. Increase velocity in sensing and responding 5. Create an adaptive supply chain community
  • 55. Risk Management Response— Logistical Dangers Country Type Economic Capability Differences that Impact Logistic Risks
  • 56. Risk Management Response— Bullwhip Effect Wholesale Distributors Time Time Consumers Retailers Sales Sales Sales Manufacturer Sales Multi-tier Suppliers Time Bullwhip Effect—Supply Chain Management and Uncertainty Time
  • 57. Risk Management Response— Redundancy • Respond to unforeseen events • Careful analysis of supply chain tradeoffs • Example
  • 58. Risk Management Response— Sensing and Responding • Speed in sensing and responding can help the firm overcome unexpected supply problems. • Failure to sense could lead to… • Example
  • 59. Risk Management Response— Adaptability • The most difficult risk management method to implement effectively. • Requires all supply chain elements to share the same culture, work towards the same objectives and benefit from financial gains. • Example
  • 60. Five Global Logistics Risk Management Response Strategies • Speculative Strategy • Hedge Strategy • Flexible Strategy
  • 61. Five Global Logistics Risk Management Response Strategies • Avoidance Strategy • Postponement Strategy
  • 62. Risk Mitigation Plan Implementation • The intent of risk mitigation plan execution is to ensure successful risk mitigation occurs. • This provides a coordination platform with senior management and all supply chain stakeholders. • It directs the SCRM team to execute the defined risk mitigation plan and to provide a reporting mechanism for on-going monitoring. 62
  • 63. VIII. SCCP and Due Diligence
  • 64. Supply Chain Continuity Plan (SCCP) • Increasing globalization is forcing organizations to get a better handle on the risks and interdependencies in the supply chain. • As the supply chains get leaner, there is less ability for the supply chain to absorb or “soak up” the shocks that occur. • Increasing velocity and length of global supply chains has left many with more questions than answers. 64
  • 65. Supply Chain Continuity Plan (Con’t) • Does your organization have the wherewithal to implement a robust Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) strategy? • If not, do you feel that your organization is flirting with disaster by not exploring and investing in SCRM measures? • SCMR is becoming an increasingly visible multifaceted phenomenon! What are you doing to mitigate it? 65
  • 66. Thinking Through Supply Chain Risk— Due Diligence • Effective risk management includes activities for risk identification, risk analysis, risk handling, and risk monitoring. • The unique nature of SCRM lies in the fact that stakeholders and risks are distributed across multiple, highly independent organizations. • Proactive discovery and visibility of risks is the key to effective risk management. Source: Manage Your Supply Chain Risk-Society of Manufacturing Engineers 66
  • 67. Thinking Through Supply Chain Risk— Due Diligence (Con’t) • Project managers will often observe that common risks were effectively managed; it was the unexpected risks that caused the biggest problems. • In practical terms, the most effective approach for addressing supply chain risk is for stakeholders throughout the supply chain to work together to identify potential risks and propose creative solutions. Source: Manage Your Supply Chain Risk-Society of Manufacturing Engineers 67
  • 68. “But the sum and substance of risk management is in the recognition of variety. Surprise pursues us relentlessly because we can never have all the information we need for a correct forecast every time. But life is even harsher than that, for the incomplete information we do have is overwhelming, and getting more so all the time.” says Peter Bernstein of the Risk Analysis Center. 68
  • 69. The Three Rules of Risk 1. Never risk more than you can afford to lose. 2. Don't risk a lot to get a little. 3. The odds matter.
  • 71. THANKS for Taking The Risk 71