2. WHAT EXACTLY IS CLONING?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic
copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the
same between the two!
3. The types of cloning
Hybrid cloning Therapeutic cloning Reproductive cloning
4. HOW IS CLONING DONE?
How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a
couple of ways to do this: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
How do these processes differ?
5. Artificial Embryo Twinning
Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively low-tech
version of cloning. As the name suggests, this
technology mimics the natural process of creating
identical twins.
Artificial Process Video
6. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer, (SCNT) uses a
different approach than artificial embryo twinning,
but it produces the same result: an exact clone, or
genetic copy, of an individual. This was the method
used to create Dolly the Sheep.
Somatic Process Video
9. DEGREE OF AGING
One risk of cloning is that the cells of the clone can aging faster
than the normal persons
10. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
INTO CLONING
It is important that we continue to investigate this area to improve
the technique and reduce the risks
11. No current clinical treatments
Few successes in animal models
Difficulty in obtaining pure cultures in the dish
Questions regarding functional differentiation
Difficult to establish and maintain
Current and
Problem of immune rejection potential
Potential for tumor formation and tissue embryonic
destruction
stem cell
Genomic instability problems:
Ethically contentious
12. Current
Cancers
Clinical Uses
of Adult leukemias
Stem Cells Autoimmune diseases
Anemias
Bone deformities
Stroke
Parkinson’s
Skin
13. This is a very relevant question.
There is indeed a relationship between the clone and original
one. Since we are not facing a real situation, it is not urgent to
create a new concept that would fit this "relationship".
17. Reproductive Cloning|Adult dna cloning
Reproductive cloning is a technology used
to generate an animal that has the same
nuclear DNA as another currently or
previously existing animal.
Human cloning also falls into this category.
e.g. identical twins
18. Therapeutic Cloning
The purpose of therapeutic cloning is to
extract the stem cells from the embryos.
Stem cells can be used to treat heart disease,
Alzheimer's, cancer, and various other
diseases.
e.g. heart or even just a few cells
19. Hybrid cloning
A clone has been made from this
technique.
It was achieved using a cell from a
man's leg and a cow's egg.
It is called hybrid because it uses 2
different power sources.
20. Advantages
1/Potential benefits to modern medicine
2/Helping infertile couples
3/Reverse the aging process
4/Protecting Endangered Species
5/ Improving food supply
21. Disadvantages
1/The Element of Uncertainty
2/Inheriting diseases
3/The Potential for Abuse
22. Dolly the sheep
She was born on 5 july 1996.
She was cloned by Ian Wilmut and keith campbell in Scotland
Was the first mammal to be cloned
Died from a progressive lung disease
23. Herd of mice
The first cloned mammals was a mouse (named "Masha") in 1986, in the Soviet
Union.
The cloning was done from an embryo cell.
The first mouse from adult cells, Cumulin, was born in 1997 at the University of
Hawai'i at Mānoa.
Over a dozen clones as of 2002.
24. Cat (CC)
Was born in December 2001,
scientists at Texas A&M University created the first
cloned cat, CC (CopyCat).
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