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Ch 01 lecture_outline_b
- 1. PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Janice Meeking,
Mount Royal College
C H A P T E R
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
1
The Human
Body: An
Orientation:
Part B
- 2. Anatomical Position
• Standard anatomical body position:
• Body erect
• Feet slightly apart
• Palms facing forward
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 3. Cephalic
Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Mental
Cervical
Thoracic
Axillary
Mammary
Sternal
Abdominal
Umbilical
Pelvic
Inguinal
(groin)
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
(a) Anterior/Ventral
Pubic
(genital)
Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Antecubital
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Palmar
Pollex
Digital
Lower limb
Coxal (hip)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar
Crural (leg)
Fibular or peroneal
Pedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle)
Metatarsal
Digital
Hallux
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
- 9. Regional Terms
• Two major divisions of body:
• Axial
• Head, neck, and trunk
• Appendicular
• Limbs
• Regional terms designate specific areas
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 10. Cephalic
Frontal
Orbital
Nasal
Oral
Mental
Cervical
Thoracic
Axillary
Mammary
Sternal
Abdominal
Umbilical
Pelvic
Inguinal
(groin)
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
(a) Anterior/Ventral
Pubic
(genital)
Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Antecubital
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Carpal (wrist)
Manus (hand)
Palmar
Pollex
Digital
Lower limb
Coxal (hip)
Femoral (thigh)
Patellar
Crural (leg)
Fibular or peroneal
Pedal (foot)
Tarsal (ankle)
Metatarsal
Digital
Hallux
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7a
- 11. Cephalic
Otic
Occipital (back
of head)
Cervical
Back (dorsal)
Upper limb
Acromial
Brachial (arm)
Olecranal
Antebrachial
(forearm)
Manus (hand)
Metacarpal
Digital
Lower limb
Femoral (thigh)
Popliteal
Sural (calf)
Fibular or peroneal
Pedal (foot)
Calcaneal
Plantar
Thorax
Abdomen
Back (Dorsum)
(b) Posterior/Dorsal
Scapular
Vertebral
Lumbar
Sacral
Gluteal
Perineal (between
anus and external
genitalia)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.7b
- 12. Body Planes
• Plane: Flat surface along which body or
structure is cut for anatomical study
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 13. Body Planes
• Sagittal plane
• Divides body vertically into right and left parts
• Produces a sagittal section
• Midsagittal (median) plane
• Lies on midline
• Parasagittal plane
• Not on midline
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 14. Body Planes
• Frontal (coronal) plane
• Divides body vertically into anterior and
posterior parts
• Transverse (horizontal) plane
• Divides body horizontally into superior and
inferior parts
• Produces a cross section
• Oblique section
• Cuts made diagonally
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 15. Median (midsagittal) plane
Transverse plane
Frontal plane
(b) Transverse section
Liver
Pancreas
Aorta
Spleen
(a) Frontal section
(through torso)
(through torso,
inferior view)
(c) Median section
(midsagittal)
Left and Rectum Intestines
right lungs
Vertebral
column
Spinal cord
Subcutaneous fat layer
Body wall
Liver Heart
Spleen
Stomach
Arm
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.8
- 16. Anatomical Variability
• Over 90% of all anatomical structures match
textbook descriptions, but:
• Nerves or blood vessels may be somewhat out
of place
• Small muscles may be missing
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 17. Body Cavities
• Dorsal cavity
• Protects nervous system
• Two subdivisions:
• Cranial cavity
• Encases brain
• Vertebral cavity
• Encases spinal cord
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 18. Body Cavities
• Ventral cavity
• Houses internal organs (viscera)
• Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm):
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 19. Cranial
cavity
(contains
brain)
Dorsal
body
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
(contains
spinal
cord)
Cranial
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pleural
cavity
Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity
Abdomino-pelvic
cavity
Ventral body
cavity
(thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities)
Thoracic
cavity
(contains
heart and
lungs)
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)
Pelvic cavity
(contains urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum)
(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
- 20. Ventral Body Cavities
• Thoracic cavity subdivisions:
• Two pleural cavities
• Each houses a lung
• Mediastinum
• Contains pericardial cavity
• Surrounds thoracic organs
• Pericardial cavity
• Encloses heart
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 21. Ventral Body Cavities
• Abdominopelvic cavity subdivisions:
• Abdominal cavity
• Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and
liver
• Pelvic cavity
• Contains urinary bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 22. Cranial
cavity
(contains
brain)
Dorsal
body
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
(contains
spinal
cord)
Cranial
cavity
Vertebral
cavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pleural
cavity
Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity
Abdomino-pelvic
cavity
Ventral body
cavity
(thoracic and
abdominopelvic
cavities)
Thoracic
cavity
(contains
heart and
lungs)
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)
Pelvic cavity
(contains urinary
bladder, reproductive
organs, and rectum)
(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.9a-b
- 23. Serous Membrane (Serosa)
• Thin, double-layered membrane separated by
serous fluid
• Parietal serosa lines internal body walls
• Visceral serosa covers the internal organs
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
- 24. Outer balloon wall
(comparable to parietal serosa)
Air (comparable to serous cavity)
Inner balloon wall
(comparable to visceral serosa)
Heart
Parietal
pericardium
Pericardial
space with
serous fluid
Visceral
pericardium
(b) The serosae associated with the heart.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.10a-b
- 26. Right upper
quadrant
(RUQ)
Right lower
quadrant
(RLQ)
Left upper
quadrant
(LUQ)
Left lower
quadrant
(LLQ)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.11
- 28. Epigastric
region
Umbilical
region
Right
hypochondriac
region
Right
lumbar
region
Left
hypochondriac
region
Left
lumbar
region
Hypogastric
(pubic)
region
Right iliac
(inguinal)
region
Left iliac
(inguinal)
region
Liver
Gallbladder
Ascending colon of
large intestine
Small intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Diaphragm
Stomach
Transverse colon
of large intestine
Descending colon
of large intestine
Initial part of
sigmoid colon
Urinary bladder
(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 1.12
- 29. Other Body Cavities
• Oral and digestive cavities
• Nasal cavity
• Orbital cavities
• Middle ear cavities
• Synovial cavities
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.