BT 1: Concrete Hollow Blocks

Concrete Hollow
Blocks

Concrete Hollow BlocksAggregates
Capuno, Azaleah P. and Malan,and John Paul
Halili, Raymond M. Premrose
Building Technology 1/ 8:00-9:00am

Introduction

Concrete Hollow Blocks
Capuno, Azaleah P. and Malan, Premrose

What is Concrete Hollow Blocks?
 A Concrete masonry unit (CMU) – also called
Concrete block, cement block, and foundation
block – is a large rectangular brick used in
construction. Concrete blocks are made from
cast concrete, example: Portland cement and
aggregate, usually sand and fine gravel for
high-density blocks. Lower density blocks may
use industrial wastes as an aggregate.
Concrete Hollow BlocksAggregates
Capuno, Azaleah P. and Malan,and John Paul
Halili, Raymond M. Premrose
BiulidindBuilding Technology 1/ 8:00-9:00am
Technology 1/ 8:00-9:0am

What is Masonry?
• Any building material made of stone.
• Used for walls.


Two types of Masonry
• Structured/load-bearing – this is used for
exterior walls.

• Non structured/non load-bearing – this is
used for interior walls.


Parts of a masonry unit
• Core
• Stretcher
or Face
Shell
• Header
• Web


Arrangements of Masonry Unit


Two types of load-Bearing Blocks
• Type N - Blocks rated N are rated for use as
exterior walls both above and below grade

• Type S - concrete blocks rated S are not rated
for moisture penetration and are used instead
as interior walls or as above grade exterior
walls with a weather protective coating.

Capuno, Azaleah P. and Premrose

5 Main types of Concrete hollow
blocks:


Hollow load-bearing concrete block

Load bearing concrete hollow
block are block that can or
intended to carry load aside
from its own weight. Easier
handling and facility for
conducting or steel
reinforcement through the
hollows.

Aggregates Halili, Raymond M. and John
Paul Building Technology 1/ 8:00-9:00amBuilding Technology 1/ 8:00-9:00am

Solid load-bearing Concrete Block

Solid masonry, without steel
reinforcement, tends to have
very limited applications in
modern wall construction.
Such walls can, however, be
quite economical and suitable
in some applications; solid
unreinforced masonry walls
tend to be low and thick as a
consequence of their lack of
tensile strength.

Hollow non load-bearing concrete
block

• Non-load bearing concrete
hollow block are used for
fences, wall partition or
divider and this is not
intended to carry load.

Capuno Azaleah P. and Malan, Premrose

Concrete building tile

• Concrete tiles are made from
sand, water, cement and
pigments, and are not fired
like clay tiles, but cured at
temperatures of
approximately 60 degrees
Celsius. The curing process
makes them sturdy enough to
be transported and laid within
a few days of manufacture,
and they get stronger over
time.
Aggregates
Halili, Raymond M. and John Paul

Concrete Brick

• Concrete brick is made from
solid concrete. These bricks
are used to cover the facade
of a home, build fences, and
enhance the overall beauty
of a home's exterior.
• Concrete bricks are quickly
becoming a popular
alternative to other home
facade materials.
Aggregates
Capuno, Azaleah P. Halili, Raymond M.Premrose
Aggregates Halili, Raymond M. and John and Malan, and John Paul

Other types of Concrete Hollow
Blocks


Stretcher

 A stretcher block is the most
commonly used block in
construction. It is laid with its
length parallel to the face of the
wall.

Aggregates

Corner

 Corner. A corner block is used for
corners at simple window and
door openings.


Double Corner or Pier

 A double-corner or pier
block is used for
constructing piers pilasters
or for any other purpose
where both ends of the
block would be visible.

Aggregates

Bull Nose

• A bull-nose block serves the
same purpose as a corner
block, but it is used where
round corners are desired.

Aggregates

Jamb
 A wood-sash jamb block
is used with a stretcher
and a corner block
around elaborate
window openings. The
recess in the block
allows room for the
various casing
members, as in a
double-hung window.

Examples of Masonry Units
• Veneer masonry
• A masonry veneer wall consists of masonry units, usually clay-based bricks,
installed on one or both sides of a structurally independent wall usually
constructed of wood or masonry. In this context the brick masonry is primarily
decorative, not structural. The brick veneer is generally connected to the
structural wall by brick ties (metal strips that are attached to the structural wall,
as well as the mortar joints of the brick veneer). There is typically an air gap
between the brick veneer and the structural wall. As clay-based brick is usually
not completely waterproof, the structural wall will often have a water-resistant
surface (usually tar paper) and weep holes can be left at the base of the brick
veneer to drain moisture that accumulates inside the air gap. Concrete blocks,
real and cultured stones, and veneer adobe are sometimes used in a very similar
veneer fashion.

• Dry set masonry
• The strength of a masonry wall is not entirely dependent on the bond between
the building material and the mortar; the friction between the interlocking
blocks of masonry is often strong enough to provide a great deal of strength on
its own. The blocks sometimes have grooves or other surface features added to
enhance this interlocking, and some dry set masonry structures forgo mortar
altogether.

• Solid masonry
• Solid masonry, without steel reinforcement, tends to have very limited
applications in modern wall construction. While such walls can be quite
economical and suitable in some applications, susceptibility to earthquakes and
collapse is a major issue. Solid unreinforced masonry walls tend to be low and
thick as a consequence.

• Brick
• Solid brickwork is made of two or more layers of bricks with the units running
horizontally (called stretcher bricks) bound together with bricks running
transverse to the wall (called "header" bricks). Each row of bricks is known as a
course. The pattern of headers and stretchers employed gives rise to different
bonds such as the common bond (with every sixth course composed of
headers), the English bond, and the Flemish bond (with alternating stretcher
and header bricks present on every course). Bonds can differ in strength and in
insulating ability. Vertically staggered bonds tend to be somewhat stronger and
less prone to major cracking than a non-staggered bond.

Uses
• Bricks are used for building and pavement. In the USA, brick pavement
was found incapable of withstanding heavy traffic, but it is coming back
into use as a method of traffic calming or as a decorative surface
in pedestrian precincts. For example, in the early 1900s, most of the
streets in the city of Grand Rapids, Michigan were paved with brick.
Today, there are only about 20 blocks of brick paved streets remaining
(totalling less than 0.5 percent of all the streets in the city limits).

BRICKS

PAVER BLOCKS (PAVEMENTS,
SIDEWALKS)

• Stones - a concretion of earthy or mineral matter: a : such a concretion of indeterminate
size or shape :ROCK b : a piece of rock for a specified function: as (1) : a building block : a
paving block : a precious stone : GEM :GRAVESTONE : GRINDSTONE : WHETSTONE: a surface
upon which a drawing, text, or design to be lithographed is drawn or transferred.

Sustainable Modern Concrete
Products

Aggregates
Capuno, Azaleah P.Halili, Raymond M. and John Paul
Aggregates Halili, Raymond M. and John and Malan,Premrose

Fly ash concrete (a sustainable,
environment-friendly material)
• Fly ash is an inexpensive
replacement for portland
cement used in concrete,
while it actually improves
strength, segregation, and
ease of pumping of the
concrete.
• Fly ash is also used as an
ingredient in brick, block,
paving, and structural fills. Fly
ash is a fine, glass-like powder
recovered from gases created
by coal-fired electric power
generation.

Aggregates

Two Classifications of Fly ash
• Class F fly ash - with particles covered in a kind
of melted glass, greatly reduces the risk of
expansion due to sulfate attack, as may occur
in fertilized soils or near coastal areas.

• Class C fly ash - is also resistant to expansion
from chemical attack, has a higher percentage
of calcium oxide, and is more commonly used
for structural concrete.
Capuno, Azaleah P. and Malan,Premrose

Light-transmitting concrete
• LiTraCon is a trademark for a
translucent concrete building
material. The name is short for
"light-transmitting concrete". The
technical data sheet from the
manufacturer[1]says the material
is made of 96% concrete and 4%
by weight of optical fibers,[2][3] it
was developed in 2001 by
Hungarian architect Áron
Losonczi working with scientists
at the Technical University of
Budapest.

• known also as translucent
concrete


BT 1: Concrete Hollow Blocks

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BT 1: Concrete Hollow Blocks