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PCS Curriculum Review Week
         June 18-21, 2012
   Ridgewood Elementary School




             Day 1
Welcome & Introductions
Norms for the Week

• Start & end punctually
• Dress appropriately
• Listen actively
• Disagree respectfully
• Participate enthusiastically
• Focus completely (monitor your
  technology)
• Have Fun
Remember…



What is learned here
    leaves here
Schedule for the Week

  Monday                    Tuesday               Wednesday            Thursday
  • Establish Focus       • Vertical Alignment     • ESL & Literacy    • ELA Integration
                                  (cont)              Integration
• Big Ideas, Essential                                                 • Finalize Guides
   Questions, and            •Establishing        • Cross-Curricular
  Learning Targets         Learning Targets             Units
                                (cont)
• Vertical Alignment
                          •Criteria for Success
   • Establishing
  Learning Targets
Schedule: Day 1

• 8:00-11:00 – Opening Session
• 11:00-12:00 – Work Session
  • Group Introductions
  • Establish Team Norms
  • Establish the Goals
• 12:00-1:00 – Lunch (on your own)
• 1:00-4:00 – Working on the Work
• 4:00-4:30 – Listening/Debrief Session
CRW: The Big Idea

CRW is about identifying and designing…

 The right kind and quality of instruction
  delivered with…
 The right level of intensity and duration to…
 The right children at…
 The right time
                          - Joseph K. Torgeseon
                          Catch Them Before They Fall (1988)
Direction for Today

1. Understand the purpose and format
   of the new guides
2. Examine Big Ideas, Essential
   Questions, and Learning Targets
3. Identify the big ideas for the year
4. Examine Vertical Alignment
Deliverables for Today

1. Create group norms for your group
2. Provide feedback on the Curriculum
   Guide template
3. Create draft big-idea framework for the
   year
4. Review vertical alignment with other
   grades
The Goal

          Learning Target:
I will create a district curriculum
                guide.

      Criteria for Success:
       The district guide
Which do you choose?
New Guides: The Reason
• New North Carolina Standard Course of Study
• District-Level Focus on PLCs
  • What do students NEED TO LEARN? (District-Driven)
  • What evidence will we gather to monitor student
    learning—how will we know WHEN THEY HAVE
    LEARNED IT? (District-Driven)
  • What will we do if/when students EXPERIENCE
    DIFFICULTY IN THEIR LEARNING? (School-Driven)
  • What will we do to ENRICH THE LEARNING OF THOSE
    WHO DEMONSTRATE PROFICIENCY? (School-Driven)
  • How can we use our SMART goals and evidence of
    student learning to INFORM and IMPROVE OUR
    PRACTICE? (School-Driven)
New Guides: The Impact

How can we use our SMART goals and evidence
of student learning to inform and improve our
                   practice?

This critical question has implications for grade
level improvement, school level improvement,
     and DISTRICT LEVEL IMPROVEMENT….
New Guides: The Vision

 PCS’ District Curriculum Guides are a dynamic
tool to guide and assist education professionals
                     as they:
         • Develop student sequencing
•Plan, design, and implement daily instruction
    •Integrate instruction across disciplines
            •Assess student learning
CRW Week Desired Outcomes


• Create DRAFT District Curriculum Pacing
  Guides

• Begin the process for Continuous
  Improvement of Teaching and Learning
Desired Outcomes



                                                                   Provide
                                               Assess Along
                                Deliver                          Descriptive
 Identify the                                    the Way
                Plan (CRW)    Instruction                       Feedback and
Target (CRW)                                 (School/District
                             (Teacher-led)                        Assistance
                                               Partnership)
                                                                (Teacher-led)
Begining with the End in Mind
Types of Guides

At your table, discuss the differences between
 the two types of guides covered in the pre-
 reading for the week (diary and consensus)

• Which one are we developing this week?

• What implications does this have for our
  work? What should our work look like?
Objectives/Learning Targets go here;                            Criteria for success goes here –
  Addresses what students NEED to learn                             focus is on students and not
                                                                                teachers




           Standards taught go here; this section will
           change based on the subject/grade-level                   Sample              Media
                          (Stage 1)
                                                                    unit/lesson     Coordinators
                                                                      ideas         will assist with
Some subjects will have multiple content areas on the same guide
                      (see next example)                                                  this
                           (Stage 1)
Objectives/Learning Targets go here;         Criteria for success goes here –
Addresses what students NEED to learn          focus is on students and not
                                                           teachers




                Each content area’s standards go here;              Media
            Use the vertical space on the page(s) to show      Coordinators
          horizontal alignment between subjects and cross-     will assist with
          curricular lesson/units when appropriate (Stage 1)         this
Identifying Big Ideas &
  Essential Questions
Big Ideas: Defining Them



  As a table, discuss the purpose of the “Big
Ideas” based on the reading you did to prepare
                  for the week.
Big Ideas: Defining Them

•Broad and abstract
•Conceptual lens
•Represented by one or two words
•Universal in application
•Timeless—carries through the ages
•Represented by different examples that share
 common attributes
Big Ideas: Defining Them
Big Ideas: Finding Them

• Organization of Common Core/Essential Standards
  lends itself to these “Big Ideas”

• Strands or Clusters HELP to determine focus

• Within Strands or Clusters there are “Big Ideas”
  and “Themes” that can be unified for the unit
  framework
Big Ideas: Examples of Them

           Science
        Natural Phenomena
        Causal Explanations
    Systems, Order, Organization
  Change, Constancy, Measurement
         Form and Function
        Equilibrium/Balance
      Systems and Interactions
               Models
Big Ideas: Ways to Find Them

Review the standards’ text and…
• Circle recurring nouns to identify ideas
• Underline verbs to identify tasks
• Compare with list of transferable concepts
• Ask questions about a topic/standard (Why study..?
  What’s transferrable about…? How would…be
  applied in the real world?)
• Generate ideas related to suggestive pairs (light &
  shadow; matter & energy; sum & difference)
Big Ideas: Group Activity
1. Read Essential Standards for the
   grade/course at your table
2. Use sticky notes to record “concepts”
   or “skills” reflected in the standards.
3. Use one sticky note per concept/idea
4. Work as a team to organize the
   concepts into similar groupings (use
   sticky notes and brainstorming paper)
5. Name the groupings with a Title
Essential Questions: Defining Them


As a table, discuss the purpose of the
 “Essential Questions” based on the
  reading you did to prepare for the
                 week.
Essential Questions: Defining Them

•Great thought-provoking openers

•Guide unit delivery
Essential Questions: Defining Them
Essential Questions: Their Roles

• Asked to be argued
• Designed to “uncover” new ideas, views, lines of
  argument
• Set up inquiry, heading to new understandings
• Deepens understanding
• Leads to more questions
• Helps to organize material
Essential Questions: Examples
• What makes wounds heal in different ways?
• Why is asthma so prevalent in poor urban comminutes?
• What keeps things from rusting, and why?
• How do chemicals benefit society?
• Are animals essential for man’s survival?
• How do scientists find out about objects, living things, events and phenomena?
• What does it mean to be living?
• How do living things adapt to the environment?
• What makes a great story?
• Why is communication/reading important?
• How do authors use words to create images?
• Does a good read differ from a ‘great book’? Why are some books fads, and others
  classics?
• What does an independent reader look like?
• What do good readers do?
• How can the way a story is structured help me to read with understanding?
Essential Questions: Their Importance
• The goal in designing the guides is to establish a standard
  for curriculum delivery.

• ALL students should be taught at the higher level of
  Bloom’s

• Bloom’s Taxonomy is a key tool to assist in understanding
  Essential Questions, Essential Skills, and Assessment Tasks.
Essential Questions: RBT Reminders
                                   Creating
           Generating new ideas, products, or ways of viewing things
            Designing, constructing, planning, producing, inventing.

                                    Evaluating
                     Justifying a decision or course of action
           Checking, hypothesising, critiquing, experimenting, judging

                                     Analyzing
    Breaking information into parts to explore understandings & relationships
          Comparing, organizing, deconstructing, interrogating, finding

                                    Applying
                 Using information in another familiar situation
                  Implementing, carrying out, using, executing

                                 Understanding
                          Explaining ideas or concepts
         Interpreting, summarizing, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining

                                  Remembering
                               Recalling information
           Recognizing, listing, describing, retrieving, naming, finding
Essential Questions: Group Activity
    1. Refer back to the affinity chart you
       created for your big ideas
    2. Craft one or two “Essential Questions”
       that could be used to guide the
       development of a unit for your grade
       level/content area
Targets defined…


•   Are specific generalizations about the “big ideas.” They
    summarize the key meanings, inferences, and
    importance of the ‘content’
•   Can be framed as a full sentence – “I can…”
Unpacking/Deconstructing the Standard

 • Determine standard/target type(s)
   •   Knowledge
   •   Reasoning
   •   Performance skill
   •   Product
 • Identify its underpinning learning targets
 • Create student-friendly “I Can” statements
Learning Targets



 Measurable achievement
   expectations of what        I will create a
                                    district
students should know and      curriculum guide
      be able to do
Learning Targets: Developing Them

Questions to Ask
  • What will students do during the learning
    process?
  • What are the standards/ criteria for success
    (content, 21st Century Skills) for desired
    quality of work?
  • Will the learning targets be met after
    achieving the criteria for success? If not,
    what is the next step?
Learning Targets: Knowledge


• What students need to know, be able to
  do and/or be able to locate (know
  outright vs. know via reference)
• Often stated in verbs: knows, lists,
  names, identifies, and recalls
Learning Targets: Reasoning

• Thinking proficiencies – using knowledge to solve a
  problem, make a decision, plan, etc.
• Application of knowledge
• Make up the majority of learning targets
• Represent mental processes such as predicts,
  infers, classifies, hypothesizes, compares,
  concludes, summarizes, analyzes, evaluates, and
  generalizes.
Learning Targets: Performance Skill


• Must be demonstrated, observed, heard,
  and/or seen to be assessed
• Examples include oral fluency in reading,
  playing a musical instrument, demonstrating
  movement skill in dance, serving a volleyball
Learning Targets: Product

• Call for students to create a product
• The product isn't a medium to show the learning;
  the product IS the learning.
• Found more often in the arts than in core subject
  areas
• Examples include notating music, using desktop
  publishing software to create a variety of
  publications, creating a scatterplot to display data,
  creating a personal wellness plan.
Reminder…
Standard (target)    Underpinning
     Type           Learning Targets
Product             Product + S + R + K

Performance Skill   Skill + R + K

Reasoning           Reasoning + K

Knowledge           Knowledge
Group Activity
Look at the clarifying objectives related to one cluster
from your chart

1.   Record the Title for the “cluster”
2.   Develop a question or two that illustrates the “Big
     Idea” and could get to the heart of what we want
     students to discover or uncover during their learning.
3.   Record on chart paper
4.   From the “Big Idea” and Essential Question in one
     cluster from your diagram Determine the
     UNDERSTANDINGS students should uncover
     throughout and by the end of the unit. (Learning
     Targets)
Resource Review

• Find them all at
 http://successforeverychild.wordpress.com
• Wikispace
  (http://pittcountycommoncore.pbworks.com)
• Content/Grade Level Standards
• Unpacking Guides
• Resource Notebook
Group Work
For each content area/grade your group is
responsible for:
1. Develop norms for your group (online)
2. Develop big ideas for the entire year
3. Discuss vertical alignment (may need
   to meet with other grade levels)
4. List the Curriculum
   Standards/Clarifying Goals associated
   with the Theme/Big Idea
3-2-1 Reflection Activity


• List 3 things you were expecting
  when you arrived today
• List 2 pleasant surprises
• Write 1 question you need
  clarification on for tomorrow

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Day 1 training

  • 1. PCS Curriculum Review Week June 18-21, 2012 Ridgewood Elementary School Day 1
  • 3. Norms for the Week • Start & end punctually • Dress appropriately • Listen actively • Disagree respectfully • Participate enthusiastically • Focus completely (monitor your technology) • Have Fun
  • 4. Remember… What is learned here leaves here
  • 5. Schedule for the Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday • Establish Focus • Vertical Alignment • ESL & Literacy • ELA Integration (cont) Integration • Big Ideas, Essential • Finalize Guides Questions, and •Establishing • Cross-Curricular Learning Targets Learning Targets Units (cont) • Vertical Alignment •Criteria for Success • Establishing Learning Targets
  • 6. Schedule: Day 1 • 8:00-11:00 – Opening Session • 11:00-12:00 – Work Session • Group Introductions • Establish Team Norms • Establish the Goals • 12:00-1:00 – Lunch (on your own) • 1:00-4:00 – Working on the Work • 4:00-4:30 – Listening/Debrief Session
  • 7. CRW: The Big Idea CRW is about identifying and designing… The right kind and quality of instruction delivered with… The right level of intensity and duration to… The right children at… The right time - Joseph K. Torgeseon Catch Them Before They Fall (1988)
  • 8. Direction for Today 1. Understand the purpose and format of the new guides 2. Examine Big Ideas, Essential Questions, and Learning Targets 3. Identify the big ideas for the year 4. Examine Vertical Alignment
  • 9. Deliverables for Today 1. Create group norms for your group 2. Provide feedback on the Curriculum Guide template 3. Create draft big-idea framework for the year 4. Review vertical alignment with other grades
  • 10. The Goal Learning Target: I will create a district curriculum guide. Criteria for Success: The district guide
  • 11. Which do you choose?
  • 12. New Guides: The Reason • New North Carolina Standard Course of Study • District-Level Focus on PLCs • What do students NEED TO LEARN? (District-Driven) • What evidence will we gather to monitor student learning—how will we know WHEN THEY HAVE LEARNED IT? (District-Driven) • What will we do if/when students EXPERIENCE DIFFICULTY IN THEIR LEARNING? (School-Driven) • What will we do to ENRICH THE LEARNING OF THOSE WHO DEMONSTRATE PROFICIENCY? (School-Driven) • How can we use our SMART goals and evidence of student learning to INFORM and IMPROVE OUR PRACTICE? (School-Driven)
  • 13. New Guides: The Impact How can we use our SMART goals and evidence of student learning to inform and improve our practice? This critical question has implications for grade level improvement, school level improvement, and DISTRICT LEVEL IMPROVEMENT….
  • 14. New Guides: The Vision PCS’ District Curriculum Guides are a dynamic tool to guide and assist education professionals as they: • Develop student sequencing •Plan, design, and implement daily instruction •Integrate instruction across disciplines •Assess student learning
  • 15. CRW Week Desired Outcomes • Create DRAFT District Curriculum Pacing Guides • Begin the process for Continuous Improvement of Teaching and Learning
  • 16. Desired Outcomes Provide Assess Along Deliver Descriptive Identify the the Way Plan (CRW) Instruction Feedback and Target (CRW) (School/District (Teacher-led) Assistance Partnership) (Teacher-led)
  • 17. Begining with the End in Mind
  • 18. Types of Guides At your table, discuss the differences between the two types of guides covered in the pre- reading for the week (diary and consensus) • Which one are we developing this week? • What implications does this have for our work? What should our work look like?
  • 19. Objectives/Learning Targets go here; Criteria for success goes here – Addresses what students NEED to learn focus is on students and not teachers Standards taught go here; this section will change based on the subject/grade-level Sample Media (Stage 1) unit/lesson Coordinators ideas will assist with Some subjects will have multiple content areas on the same guide (see next example) this (Stage 1)
  • 20. Objectives/Learning Targets go here; Criteria for success goes here – Addresses what students NEED to learn focus is on students and not teachers Each content area’s standards go here; Media Use the vertical space on the page(s) to show Coordinators horizontal alignment between subjects and cross- will assist with curricular lesson/units when appropriate (Stage 1) this
  • 21. Identifying Big Ideas & Essential Questions
  • 22. Big Ideas: Defining Them As a table, discuss the purpose of the “Big Ideas” based on the reading you did to prepare for the week.
  • 23. Big Ideas: Defining Them •Broad and abstract •Conceptual lens •Represented by one or two words •Universal in application •Timeless—carries through the ages •Represented by different examples that share common attributes
  • 25. Big Ideas: Finding Them • Organization of Common Core/Essential Standards lends itself to these “Big Ideas” • Strands or Clusters HELP to determine focus • Within Strands or Clusters there are “Big Ideas” and “Themes” that can be unified for the unit framework
  • 26. Big Ideas: Examples of Them Science Natural Phenomena Causal Explanations Systems, Order, Organization Change, Constancy, Measurement Form and Function Equilibrium/Balance Systems and Interactions Models
  • 27. Big Ideas: Ways to Find Them Review the standards’ text and… • Circle recurring nouns to identify ideas • Underline verbs to identify tasks • Compare with list of transferable concepts • Ask questions about a topic/standard (Why study..? What’s transferrable about…? How would…be applied in the real world?) • Generate ideas related to suggestive pairs (light & shadow; matter & energy; sum & difference)
  • 28. Big Ideas: Group Activity 1. Read Essential Standards for the grade/course at your table 2. Use sticky notes to record “concepts” or “skills” reflected in the standards. 3. Use one sticky note per concept/idea 4. Work as a team to organize the concepts into similar groupings (use sticky notes and brainstorming paper) 5. Name the groupings with a Title
  • 29. Essential Questions: Defining Them As a table, discuss the purpose of the “Essential Questions” based on the reading you did to prepare for the week.
  • 30. Essential Questions: Defining Them •Great thought-provoking openers •Guide unit delivery
  • 32. Essential Questions: Their Roles • Asked to be argued • Designed to “uncover” new ideas, views, lines of argument • Set up inquiry, heading to new understandings • Deepens understanding • Leads to more questions • Helps to organize material
  • 33. Essential Questions: Examples • What makes wounds heal in different ways? • Why is asthma so prevalent in poor urban comminutes? • What keeps things from rusting, and why? • How do chemicals benefit society? • Are animals essential for man’s survival? • How do scientists find out about objects, living things, events and phenomena? • What does it mean to be living? • How do living things adapt to the environment? • What makes a great story? • Why is communication/reading important? • How do authors use words to create images? • Does a good read differ from a ‘great book’? Why are some books fads, and others classics? • What does an independent reader look like? • What do good readers do? • How can the way a story is structured help me to read with understanding?
  • 34. Essential Questions: Their Importance • The goal in designing the guides is to establish a standard for curriculum delivery. • ALL students should be taught at the higher level of Bloom’s • Bloom’s Taxonomy is a key tool to assist in understanding Essential Questions, Essential Skills, and Assessment Tasks.
  • 35. Essential Questions: RBT Reminders Creating Generating new ideas, products, or ways of viewing things Designing, constructing, planning, producing, inventing. Evaluating Justifying a decision or course of action Checking, hypothesising, critiquing, experimenting, judging Analyzing Breaking information into parts to explore understandings & relationships Comparing, organizing, deconstructing, interrogating, finding Applying Using information in another familiar situation Implementing, carrying out, using, executing Understanding Explaining ideas or concepts Interpreting, summarizing, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining Remembering Recalling information Recognizing, listing, describing, retrieving, naming, finding
  • 36. Essential Questions: Group Activity 1. Refer back to the affinity chart you created for your big ideas 2. Craft one or two “Essential Questions” that could be used to guide the development of a unit for your grade level/content area
  • 37. Targets defined… • Are specific generalizations about the “big ideas.” They summarize the key meanings, inferences, and importance of the ‘content’ • Can be framed as a full sentence – “I can…”
  • 38. Unpacking/Deconstructing the Standard • Determine standard/target type(s) • Knowledge • Reasoning • Performance skill • Product • Identify its underpinning learning targets • Create student-friendly “I Can” statements
  • 39. Learning Targets Measurable achievement expectations of what I will create a district students should know and curriculum guide be able to do
  • 40. Learning Targets: Developing Them Questions to Ask • What will students do during the learning process? • What are the standards/ criteria for success (content, 21st Century Skills) for desired quality of work? • Will the learning targets be met after achieving the criteria for success? If not, what is the next step?
  • 41. Learning Targets: Knowledge • What students need to know, be able to do and/or be able to locate (know outright vs. know via reference) • Often stated in verbs: knows, lists, names, identifies, and recalls
  • 42. Learning Targets: Reasoning • Thinking proficiencies – using knowledge to solve a problem, make a decision, plan, etc. • Application of knowledge • Make up the majority of learning targets • Represent mental processes such as predicts, infers, classifies, hypothesizes, compares, concludes, summarizes, analyzes, evaluates, and generalizes.
  • 43. Learning Targets: Performance Skill • Must be demonstrated, observed, heard, and/or seen to be assessed • Examples include oral fluency in reading, playing a musical instrument, demonstrating movement skill in dance, serving a volleyball
  • 44. Learning Targets: Product • Call for students to create a product • The product isn't a medium to show the learning; the product IS the learning. • Found more often in the arts than in core subject areas • Examples include notating music, using desktop publishing software to create a variety of publications, creating a scatterplot to display data, creating a personal wellness plan.
  • 45. Reminder… Standard (target) Underpinning Type Learning Targets Product Product + S + R + K Performance Skill Skill + R + K Reasoning Reasoning + K Knowledge Knowledge
  • 46. Group Activity Look at the clarifying objectives related to one cluster from your chart 1. Record the Title for the “cluster” 2. Develop a question or two that illustrates the “Big Idea” and could get to the heart of what we want students to discover or uncover during their learning. 3. Record on chart paper 4. From the “Big Idea” and Essential Question in one cluster from your diagram Determine the UNDERSTANDINGS students should uncover throughout and by the end of the unit. (Learning Targets)
  • 47. Resource Review • Find them all at http://successforeverychild.wordpress.com • Wikispace (http://pittcountycommoncore.pbworks.com) • Content/Grade Level Standards • Unpacking Guides • Resource Notebook
  • 48. Group Work For each content area/grade your group is responsible for: 1. Develop norms for your group (online) 2. Develop big ideas for the entire year 3. Discuss vertical alignment (may need to meet with other grade levels) 4. List the Curriculum Standards/Clarifying Goals associated with the Theme/Big Idea
  • 49. 3-2-1 Reflection Activity • List 3 things you were expecting when you arrived today • List 2 pleasant surprises • Write 1 question you need clarification on for tomorrow

Editor's Notes

  1. Cheryl
  2. Sandra
  3. Tom – Survival Activity
  4. Remind everyone of PLC focus this year – PLCs will meet weeklyFirst two areas are what we are addressing as a district – the others are decided at the school/PLC level.
  5. PLCs need to use the results from common assessments (some which they will develop) to chart steps for improvement.
  6. Group activity: Discuss this slide – who are guides designed for? What does “Dynamic” mean? Should their purpose dictate their format?Emphasis on dynamic – this is a living document that is changed and updated constantly
  7. These are DRAFT guides – remember, these guides are “Dynamic” and “Living”
  8. Let’s talk about the guides themselves – what do they look like? How will we use them?
  9. Dynamic guides should be easily updated (so they’re online now)The guide must identify the learning target (what students need to learn)The guide must identify the criteria for success (how we will know they learned it)The guide must identify a sequence for learning for each marking period and, for K-8, each mid-marking period (if PLCs are to develop CFAs they need to know what those CFAs should cover)The guides must be developed COLLABORATIVELY. These guides are a contrast to how this has been done in the past – look around the room at the number of people involved in developing the guides. It can not be “You do this section and I’ll do this section” – that’s not collaboration.
  10. This is what it will look like printed – but the guides themselves will be created, stored, and retrieved from electronic format in Google Docs. This will allow us to update them constantly – and everytime someone access the guides they will always have the most recent.Note that several areas will NOT be done this week: Essential Vocabulary and Resources are two of them (these will be done during the year and PLCs will have a lot of input on these)
  11. Pat
  12. The big idea is a conception statement of purpose for the curriculum maps, and our with the with the CCSS needs to reflect the language and intent of the standards. The big idea is a relational statement that suggests the reason for examination in the classroom.
  13. These questions put the concept or central understanding in interrogative form.The elements on the map are framed by the essential questions that provide focus and guidance for both teacher and student.
  14. David
  15. Identify the types of underpinning targets for types of standardsIn general:Knowledge level targets will have no reasoning, skill, or product components.Reasoning targets will have knowledge components, but will not require skill or product components.Skills targets require underlying knowledge and reasoning, but not products.Product targets will require knowledge and reasoning, and might be underpinned by skill targets.
  16. Identify the types of underpinning targets for types of standardsIn general:Knowledge level targets will have no reasoning, skill, or product components.Reasoning targets will have knowledge components, but will not require skill or product components.Skills targets require underlying knowledge and reasoning, but not products.Product targets will require knowledge and reasoning, and might be underpinned by skill targets.
  17. Identify the types of underpinning targets for types of standardsIn general:Knowledge level targets will have no reasoning, skill, or product components.Reasoning targets will have knowledge components, but will not require skill or product components.Skills targets require underlying knowledge and reasoning, but not products.Product targets will require knowledge and reasoning, and might be underpinned by skill targets.
  18. Go to successforeverychild.wordpress.com and follow links on that page – show them where all this is.
  19. Refer to hand-outs in resource book on level; Norms are the first thing you need to do – and this should be done before you leave for lunch. Write them down on a piece of paper and keep them
  20. Preston