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GOVERNMENT



        Exploring
       the Cloud
           A Global Study of Governments’
                       Adoption of Cloud

                          kpmg.com




       Cloud
                                              Innovation
                                            Storage

Citizens                                                              Servers
   Network               Risk mitigation
 Collaboration Information
Transformation Web-based
                                                     Access
                                                Services


                                            Cost savings
                  Efficiency
                                                   Users
                                                           Security
On-demand Applications
                         Government
             Digital economy
                  e-government Public Sector
                                             Data
b | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




  Cloud is here.
  And as the accompanying
  research reveals, its
  promise is becoming real.




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  1




                                                                                  Foreword
                                                                                  Cloud environments are already at work today reducing operating costs – in some
                                                                                  cases substantially. Such models are enabling optimization of asset utilization
                                                                                  and flexibility in both the scale and scope of IT services and hardware. Less of a
                                                                                  revolution, as the hype might suggest, and more of a long-anticipated next
                                                                                  phase in the evolution of information technology (IT), nonetheless cloud’s
                                                                                  arrival carries profound implications for IT provision for governments.
                                                                                  The era of cloud will likely offer an array of ancillary benefits. For example, cloud
                                                                                  is proving to be an engine of innovation. Many government agencies around the
                                                                                  world are exploring a host of new services for, and interactions with, other groups
                                                                                  within government as well as citizens. Further, as cloud reduces the footprint of IT
                                                                                  operations, agencies are free to focus more on the effectiveness of their programs,
                                                                                  and less on the management of IT.
                                                                                  Of course, there are challenges such as data security and governance. But,
                                                                                  according to this research, the experience of those moving forward with cloud has
                                                                                  shown that such risks can be adequately addressed. In fact, it seems more likely
                                                                                  that cloud will actually enhance data security.
                                                                                  Other challenges range from a lack of government-specific applications to a dearth
                                                                                  of investment capital. But again, those who participated in this research say such
                                                                                  issues can easily be addressed – and given the payoffs, must be overcome.
                                                                                  The opportunity awaits, and for many the exploration has begun. This report
                                                                                  is the third in a series on cloud from KPMG International, and seeks to offer
                                                                                  guidance and insight to help those in the public sector get ready to move
                                                                                  forward.
                                                                                  To view the other KPMG cloud reports, please visit KPMG.com.
                                                                                  Thank you to the many government officials around the world who gave generously
                                                                                  of their time and insight as part of the research that provided the foundation for
                                                                                  this paper.




                                                                                  John Herhalt                                                                    Ken Cochrane
                                                                                  Global Chair                                                                    Partner
                                                                                  KPMG Government & Infrastructure                                                KPMG in Canada
                                                                                  KPMG International




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Table of contents
                                                                                  Executive summary                                                                                                                                       4

                                                                                  Introduction: the evolution of cloud-enabled government                                                                                                 5

                                                                                  Governing from cloud                                             8
                                                                                     How the public sector is taking advantage of cloud technology8
                                                                                     Drivers of change9
                                                                                     Ensuring security and building trust                         16
                                                                                     Unique challenges for the public sector18

                                                                                  A clear mandate: adopt cloud! 21
                                                                                      A world of progress21
                                                                                      Cases in point27
                                                                                      Adoption will come29

                                                                                  The transformation agenda               31
                                                                                      Creating a cloud-infused government 31
                                                                                      Driving innovation31

                                                                                  Getting there: six tips for creating traction                                                                                                         33

                                                                                  Conclusion37

                                                                                  Insights and implications                                                                                                                             38

                                                                                  About the survey                                                                                                                                      42

                                                                                  Additional reading                                                                                                                                    43




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
4 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




                                                                                  Executive summary
                                                                                  How are governments planning for and adopting cloud? What are the challenges of
                                                                                  cloud-enablement? How will the integration of cloud technologies disrupt the status
                                                                                  quo of governance? More importantly, what are governments doing to ensure they
                                                                                  get the most from their cloud investments?
                                                                                  These are just some of the questions that KPMG International hopes to answer with
                                                                                  this report. Working in conjunction with Forbes Insights, close to 430 public-sector
                                                                                  government executives from 10 countries were surveyed to learn more about their
                                                                                  cloud strategies and expectations.
                                                                                  Key findings are as follows:
                                                                                  •	 Government adoption of cloud is happening slowly, but is poised to
                                                                                     accelerate:
                                                                                  	 When it comes to exploring the opportunities of cloud, not surprisingly the public
                                                                                    sector is well behind the private sector. Survey results find that the progress of
                                                                                    government entities significantly lags that of their for-profit counterparts by 9 to
                                                                                    13 percent. Only 12 percent of government executives say that over 10 percent
                                                                                    of their agencies’ overall annual IT resources are allocated to cloud in 2011. By
                                                                                    the end of 2012, this figure is anticipated to more than double to 28 percent.
                                                                                    Countries leading the way in cloud adoption are Australia, Italy and Denmark.
                                                                                  •	 The public sector has modest expectations of cloud:
                                                                                  	 Only 50 percent of government respondents expect to gain some cost
                                                                                    advantages with cloud; only 28 percent expect it to fundamentally change their
                                                                                    model for operations; and just 39 percent expect it to change interaction with
                                                                                    constituents.
                                                                                  •	 Security remains the biggest concern, but certification would help:
                                                                                  	 Concern with security was cited by almost half of all government respondents
                                                                                    (47 percent) as their most significant concern, only exceeding the private sector
                                                                                    slightly at 44 percent. Among the largest government entity respondents of the
                                                                                    survey, the figure rises to 56 percent, the highest level of concern cited by any
                                                                                    group. However, almost 80 percent said they would be more confident if cloud
                                                                                    services were certified by a government body.
                                                                                  This report examines the implications of these findings on governments, citizens,
                                                                                  cloud service providers and IT leaders. Responses from the global business survey
                                                                                  of 808 business executives are referenced to provide further context. Throughout,
                                                                                  we combine the deep experience of KPMG member firms’ professionals with the
                                                                                  results of a series of in-depth interviews that were conducted with government
                                                                                  leaders from around the world.
                                                                                  The results provide insight into the current state of government cloud and offer an
                                                                                  important benchmark for public sector organizations globally.




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  5




                                                                                  Introduction: the evolution
                                                                                  of cloud-enabled government
                                                                                  Government entities are starting to embrace cloud, but what does that mean for the
    Cloud                                                                         public sector?
                                                                                  Cloud technology constitutes a change in computing and knowledge management,
    Hosted IT services delivered on a                                             with hosted IT services delivered on a shared, internet-based platform. The real
    shared, internet-based platform.                                              value of this type of environment is the ability to use that platform to combine data
                                                                                  access and exchange with access to low-cost computing and applications to provide
                                                                                  efficiency and flexibility (see Figure 1).



                                                                                       Research methodology
                                                                                       The information in this report is based on the results of surveying
                                                                                       429 government executives and managers in 10 countries, as well as
                                                                                       808 executives in the private sector. The research was done in May 2011
                                                                                       by Forbes Insights in collaboration with KPMG International. Additionally, a
                                                                                       series of one-on-one interviews, were conducted with government leaders
                                                                                       from around the world.
                                                                                       Respondents break-down as follows:
                                                                                       •	 Size of organization: All agencies and companies have annual budgets
                                                                                          or revenues of at least US$200 million. Forty-six percent of government
                                                                                          agencies surveyed have budgets of US$1 billion or more; 23 percent have
                                                                                          budgets of US$10 billion or more. Forty-two percent of private-sector
                                                                                          companies have revenues of US$1 billion or more; 20 percent have
                                                                                          revenues of US$10 billion or more.
                                                                                       •	 Level of government and title: Fifty-three percent of respondents to the
                                                                                          government survey work at the national level, 25 percent at the regional
                                                                                          level, and 22 percent at the local level. Thirty-one percent of respondents to
                                                                                          the government survey have C-level titles; 46 percent have C-level titles
                                                                                          in the private-sector survey.
                                                                                       •	 Countries: Countries in the government research include Australia,
                                                                                          Canada, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Spain,
                                                                                          United Kingdom, and United States. Twenty-nine percent of government
                                                                                          respondents are located in the Americas, 22 percent in Asia/Pacific, and
                                                                                          50 percent in Europe/Middle East/Africa. For the private-sector survey, the
                                                                                          geographic distribution was 43 percent Americas, 32 percent Asia/Pacific,
                                                                                          and 25 percent Europe/Middle East/Africa.




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
6 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




                                                                                       Definitions
                                                                                       •	 IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service: Infrastructure traditionally provided by
                                                                                          servers, desktops and network equipment is instead delivered over the
                                                                                          internet and can be scaled up or down as needed.
                                                                                       •	 PaaS – Platform as a Service: Software development, storage and hosting
                                                                                          are accessed as a service over the internet.
                                                                                       •	 SaaS – Software as a Service: On-demand applications provided through
                                                                                          an internet browser, eliminating the need to install, run and maintain
                                                                                          programs on internal systems.
                                                                                       •	 BPaaS – Business Process as a Service: Business process outsourcing
                                                                                          (BPO) is provisioned using a cloud computing model; bundled with SaaS/
                                                                                          PaaS/IaaS and delivered over the internet.




                                                                                  Like other potentially transformative innovations, cloud will take some time for
                                                                                  users to fully understand its full potential and get past its initial mystique, build and
                                                                                  make it work, prove and develop its credibility, and operationalize and move it to
                                                                                  broad adoption.
                                                                                  There is still much work to be done. However, as results of this research suggest,
                                                                                  momentum is building, but governments remain cautious.


                                                                                  Figure 1: Cloud environment

                                                                                                Cloud                         Internet-based data                        Internet-based access to low-cost
                                                                                                                       =                          +
                                                                                             Environment                     access and exchange                            computing and applications


                                                                                                                                             Virtualized Technology


                                                                                        Virtualized                                                                                                                  Virtualized
                                                                                        Processes                                                                                                                    Organization
                                                                                                                                         Opportunities to Leverage
                                                                                                                                         Commoditized Enterprise
                                                                                                                                            Applications and
                                                                                                                                           Economies of Scale




                                                                                                                                        Virtualized Business Models

                                                                                                                                                                                               Reduce General
                                                                                                                      Improve       Reduce Invested                            Reduce Cost of
                                                                                       Speed to Market                                                                                        and Administrative
                                                                                                                    Working Capital     Capital                                 Goods Sold
                                                                                                                                                                                                Costs (SGA)

                                                                                  Source: KPMG in the US 2011, Cloud environment




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  7




  The promise of cloud is                                                              CASE 1:
  that it can bring together
                                                                                       Ontario, Canada examines the benefits
  practices, tools, and
                                                                                       Canada’s Ron McKerlie – Deputy Minister of Government Services, Associate
  technologies that will better                                                        Secretary of the Cabinet, and Secretary of the Management Board of the
  position a government                                                                Cabinet – is taking a hard look at cloud-enabled processes. And what he’s keen
                                                                                       to learn is “whether or not there’s a prize here, financial or otherwise.
                                                                                                                                                               ”
  department to operate in a
                                                                                       In practical terms, McKerlie is involved in a pilot project, testing the cloud-based
  significantly more efficient,                                                        wares of a major technology provider. “We were actually very anxious to get
  predictable, flexible, and                                                           some experience with private cloud technologies, McKerlie explains. “So
                                                                                                                                            ”
                                                                                       we were delighted when we were approached – and so far it’s been a great
  accountable manner.                                                                  opportunity. ”
                                                                                       The work-to-date centers on accessing and managing common shared
    The benefits of the cloud                                                          services like email and collaboration tools. And in McKerlie’s opinion,
    for the CIO                                                                        so far, the project has been a success. Now, says McKerlie, “we’re
                                                                                       better informed, and are now in a position where we can harvest some
    The advantages of adopting cloud                                                   of the learning to see what potential exists for the cloud in the Ontario
    can be profound for government                                                     Public Service. Still, the approach remains cautious – just one step at
                                                                                                       ”
    IT departments, starting with the                                                  a time. “We want to make certain not only of what we think we know,
    reduction or redirection of on-site IT                                             but of what we might not know. And there are other, more conscious
                                                                                                                        ”
    staff as well as the ability to access                                             concerns. “If our private data is in the hands of a US supplier or provider,
    IT resources and infrastructure as                                                 US legislation allows their government to obtain private data without
    needed.                                                                            notification. This, says McKerlie, “is a big deal for us, particularly given the
                                                                                                    ”
                                                                                       amount of personal information, such as health data, that we hold for the
    For the CIO and the senior IT team,
                                                                                       citizens of Ontario.”
    cloud can also deliver the added
    benefit of reducing the time needed                                                Such concerns aside, McKerlie says the pilot project is likely just a first baby
    to manage IT infrastructure, and                                                   step. A possible next step could be a private cloud offering services such as
    therefore increase the IT function’s                                               email to related government entities. “We’ve built a Tier 4 data center, and now
    ability to focus on developing stronger                                            we have several agencies interested in getting service. A government cloud,
                                                                                                                                               ”
    programs and services for citizens,                                                says McKerlie, “could be set up to provide municipalities or broader public-
    businesses, and other stakeholders.                                                sector entities or agencies with the services they need. ”




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
8 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




                                                                                  Governing from cloud
                                                                                  How the public sector is taking advantage of cloud
    Public vs. Private:
                                                                                  technology
    Exploring cloud
                                                                                  The results of this survey find that a large number of government entities are
    When it comes to exploring the                                                already taking steps to better understand – and potentially capitalize on – the many
    opportunities of cloud, the public                                            advantages that cloud offers.
    sector seems well behind the
    private sector. Survey results find                                           For this research, three core elements were used to provide evidence of this
    that the progress of government                                               shift: the development of a cloud strategy, the testing of a proof of concept, and
    entities significantly lags that of                                           the partial implementation of a cloud environment. Survey results show that
    their for-profit counterparts by 9 to                                         approximately a quarter of governments around the world are moving forward with
    13 percentage points.                                                         exploring the benefits of cloud (see Figure 2).




                                                                                  Figure 2: Evidence of a shift to cloud

                                                                                  Which of the following activities has your organization undertaken
                                                                                  as part of its move toward adopting/implementing a cloud
                                                                                  environment?
                                                                                                                                                                                                  29%
                                          Developing a strategy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   38%
                                                                                                                                                                              24%
                               Testing of a proof of concept
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        35%

                                         Partial Implementation                                                                                            19%
                                                                                                                                                                                                            32%

                                                                               0%                 5%               10%                15%                20%                25%                30%                35%                40%
                                                                                                                 Government/Public sector                                  Private Sector

                                                                                  Source:  PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          K
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  9




                                               Public, private or hybrid cloud?
                                               Cloud services are often developed in one of two ways: (1) private clouds, where the services are
                                               dedicated to a single party that retains direct management oversight; and (2) public clouds, where
                                               non-related parties may reside on the same servers and are primarily managed by a third party.
                                               Hybrid clouds, as the name suggests, are combinations of these two methods. A number of
                                               governments are also exploring the concept of ‘Community Clouds’ envisioned as a rules-based
                                               environment shared by organizations with similar needs, perspectives or requirements, such as
                                               geography, industry, or supply chains.

                                                                                            Figure 3: Types of cloud environments

                                                                                            What type of cloud environment does your organization
                                                                                            use/intend to use?

                                                                 Private cloud                                                                                                                                           32%


                                                                  Public cloud                                                                                                     22%


                                                                 Hybrid cloud                                                                                                                     26%


                                                          Community cloud                                                                       13%


                                                 No plans to adopt cloud                                                     8%


                                                                    Don’t know
                                                                                                                                                                                      23%

                                                                                        0%                5%                10%                 15%                20%                25%                30%                35%

                                                                                            Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey




                                                                                  Drivers of change
                                                                                  The transition to a more cloud-centric model is under way. For government
                                                                                  respondents, some of the most influential drivers appear to be potential cost
                                                                                  savings, and the pursuit of increased efficiency and effectiveness -- if not wholesale
                                                                                  process transformation. But expectations are modest. Only 50 percent expect
                                                                                  potential cost savings from cloud (Figure 4).




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
10 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




                                                                                  Economic drivers
                                                                                  Governments are seeing the potential for achieving cost reduction by migrating to
                                                                                  a more virtual operating model through the adoption of cloud as critical. Some are
                                                                                  already identifying potential cost savings, such as reduced invested capital by using
                                                                                  less IT infrastructure and lower administrative costs by requiring fewer internal staff
                                                                                  to perform processes.

                                                                                  Figure 4: Expected impact of cloud

                                                                                  Which of the following best describe the potential impact of cloud on your
                                                                                  business model/operations?

                                It will fundamentally change                                                                                                          28%
                                          our business model                                                                                                                      32%
                      It will change our interaction with                                                                                                                                             39%
                  customers (i.e., constituents/citizens)
                                            and suppliers                                                                                                                                             39%

                       It will provide management with                                                                                                                                           37%
                   greater transparency on transactions                                                                                                                           32%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      50%
                                               It will reduce costs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      50%

                                                                                                                                                          24%
                           It will accelerate time to market
                                                                                                                                                                                            35%

                                                                                                                                        18%
                                           No significant impact
                                                                                                                       12%

                                                                                        3%
                                          Other (Please specify)
                                                                                      1%

                                                                                  0%                        10%                          20%                          30%                           40%                         50%

                                                                                                                              Government/Public sector                             Private sector
                                                                                  Source:  PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          K
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud


                                                                                  Seventy-six percent of government respondents describe cost and related economic
                                                                                  factors as either extremely important (41 percent) or important (35 percent) to their
                                                                                  organization’s decisions surrounding cloud adoption (see Figure 5).

                                                                                  Figure 5: Importance of economic factors (e.g., cost savings, shift capital
  “ udget deficits and
   B                                                                              expenditures to operational expenditures)

   austerity programs in so                                                       How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s
                                                                                  adoption of a cloud environment?
   many nations provide a
   compelling reason for                                                              Extremely important
                                                                                                                                                                     41%
                                                                                                                                                                   37%
   governments to take                                                                                 Important
                                                                                                                                                                 35%
                                                                                                                                                                    40%
   a closer look at the                                                                   Neither important                                     19%
                                                                                           nor unimportant                                      19%
   potential for savings.
                        ”                                                                                                    2%
                                                                                                  Unimportant                 3%
     John Hermans                                                                                    Extremely               2%
     KPMG in the Netherlands                                                                       unimportant               2%

                                                                                                                        0%                  20%                   40%                  60%                   80%                 100%

                                                                                                                                          Government/Public sector                            Private sector

                                                                                  Source:  PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          K
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud



© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  11




                                                                                  Government respondents indicate that funding for cloud initiatives
    Public vs. Private:                                                           will only be forthcoming if significant cost savings can be achieved. Almost three
    Impact of cloud                                                               quarters (73 percent) of government respondents say that cost reductions are
                                                                                  necessary for their organizations to move to a cloud environment (Figure 6).
    The public sector and private sector
    are on par when it comes to the                                               Figure 6: Need for cost reductions
    impact of cloud on business models
    and consumer/citizen interaction.                                             Are cost reductions/savings necessary for your organization to
                                                                                  move to a cloud environment?
    But government is slightly more
    optimistic on the influence of cloud on
                                                                                                                                                                                          73%
    transparency: 37 percent of ­ ublic-
                                 p                                                Yes
                                                                                                                                                                                           75%
    sector respondents say cloud will                                                                                         27%
                                                                                   No
    make operations and performance                                                                                          25%
    more transparent to management,
                                                                                         0%                      20%                      40%                       60%                       80%                    100%
    versus 32 percent in the private sector.
                                                                                                                          Government/Public sector                            Private sector

                                                                                  Source:  PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          K
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud

                                                                                  To move to cloud, just how significant will those cost savings need to be? According
                                                                                  to survey results, more than a quarter of respondents need to achieve savings of
                                                                                  up to 10 percent, slightly less (21 percent) require savings of up to a quarter of their
                                                                                  costs, and one in ten respondents say they would need cloud to deliver at least a 25
                                                                                  percent savings on current costs (see Figure 7).


                                                                                  Figure 7: Required cost savings

                                                                                  What percentage reduction in IT or non-IT costs do you believe would
                                                                                  be needed?

                                                                                                                                            11%
                                                                                       More than 25%
                                                                                                                                          9%


                                                                                                   11–25%                                                             21%
                                                                                                                                                                                                 32%

                                                                                                                                                                                     27%
                                                                                                     1–10%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                           43%


                                                                                              Don’t know                                                                                  29%
                                                                                                                                            10%

                                                                                                                 0%                    10%                     20%                     30%                     40%                     50%

                                                                                                                                             Government/Public sector                            Private sector

                                                                                  Source:  PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          K
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
12 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




                                               Who will lead?
                                               In the planning and implementation phase, government respondents are most likely to view
                                               leadership as the responsibility of the CIO (29%), with a government equivalent of the CEO a
                                               close second (21%).
                                               Once under full implementation, the CIO remains the most frequently cited executive followed by
                                               the CTO and the COO.
                                                Figure 8: Leader of a cloud environment

                                                Who should be responsible for managing service level performance of
                                                external cloud providers after a cloud environment has been adopted?

                                                          Chief Information Officer – CIO                                                                                                                                      27%

                                                          Chief Technology Officer – CTO                                                                                     15%

                                                         Chief Operations Officer – COO                                                                                  14%
                                                                   Chief Executive Officer –
                                                                    CEO/Minister/Secretary                                                              10%

                                                              Chief Financial Officer – CFO                                             6%
                                                                 EVP/SVP/Deputy Minister/
                                                                                                                                       6%
                                                                      Under Secretary/DG

                                                                   Other C-level executives                                        5%
                                                      Misc. Others (Senior Directors,
                                                  Managers, Managing Directors, etc.)                                                                                           16%

                                                                                                        0%                   5%                  10%                  15%                 20%                  25%                  30%

                                                                                                          Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  13




                                                                                  However, many are not yet convinced the cost savings of cloud are real, accessible,
  “If achievable, this would                                                      or even sustainable. As Ron McKerlie1 of the Ontario Ministry of Public Services
                                                                                  explains, “We’ve heard the claims that there are some cost savings to be had.
  represent a critical benefit                                                    Certainly, we are interested in those if they can be realized, but it remains to be
  for government, where it                                                        seen whether they really are or aren’t there. ”

  is important to be flexible.                                                    While Dave McClure, Associate Administrator of the Office of Citizen Services and
                                                                                  Innovative Technologies at the US General Services Administration (GSA), says that
  There are often policy                                                          his group’s early experiences are showing “real benefits so far, including greater
  changes, amendments to                                                          agility, solution support simplification, and lower costs. Still, he wonders, “what
                                                                                                                                           ”
                                                                                  will happen in the long run – are the gains sustainable?”
  regulations or laws – that
  can result in a need to                                                         Technical change drivers
  ramp up fast. ”                                                                 Government also seems eager to gain a clearer picture of the potential enterprise-
                                                                                  wide benefits of cloud environments, especially flexibility, scalability, simplicity,
  Ann Steward                                                                     security, and advanced technology. Seventy-nine percent of government
  Australian Government Chief                                                     respondents cite technical change drivers as either extremely important (39
  Information Officer and Deputy                                                  percent) or important (40 percent) to cloud adoption (Figure 9).
  Secretary, Department of Finance and
  Deregulation
                                                                                  Figure 9: Importance of technical change drivers

                                                                                  How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s
                                                                                  adoption of a cloud environment?

                                                                                  Technical factors (e.g., flexibility, scalability, simplicity, security, advanced
                                                                                  technology)

                                                                                                                                                                                                          39%
                                             Extremely important
                                                                                                                                                                                                        37%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                40%
                                                              Important                                                                                                                                            42%

                                                                                                                                         18%
                       Neither important nor unimportant
                                                                                                                                       16%

                                                                                       1%
                                                          Unimportant
                                                                                              3%

                                                                                         2%
                                          Extremely unimportant
                                                                                        1%


                                                                                 0%                           10%                           20%                            30%                            40%                            50%

                                                                                                                    Government/Public sector                                Private sector

                                                                                  Source:  PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          K
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud




                                                                                  1	 Mr. McKerlie’s full title: Deputy Minister of Government Services, Associate Secretary, of the Cabinet and
                                                                                     Secretary of Management Board of the Cabinet.




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
14 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud




                                                                                 Strategic factors
                                                                                 As Pat Howard, an IBM partner and VP for global services, maintains, “This opens
                                                                                 up strategic avenues that weren’t there before. Among agencies and public sector
                                                                                 initiatives, there will be a level of optimization, market responsiveness, and agility
                                                                                 that governments just couldn’t achieve in the past.   ”
                                                                                 Interestingly, larger government entities (those with 1,000 or more employees) are
                                                                                 significantly more likely to find strategic drivers to be ‘extremely important’ than are
                                                                                 smaller entities (those with under 1,000 employees). Forty-two percent of larger
                                                                                 government entities describe strategic benefits as extremely important versus only
                                                                                 27 percent of smaller entities (Figure 11).


                                                                                 Figure 10: Importance of strategic factors
                                                                                 How important are the following factors in driving your
                                                                                 organization’s adoption of a cloud environment?

                                                                                 Strategic factors (e.g., process transformation, linkage to business/
                                                                                 organization partners, speed to market/implementation,
                                                                                 focus on core competencies)
                                                                                                                                                                                 30%
                                          Extremely important
                                                                                                                                                                                           33%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                40%
                                                            Important
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             44%

                                                                                                                                                           23%
                    Neither important nor unimportant
                                                                                                                                               19%
                                                                                                   5%
                                                       Unimportant
                                                                                             3%

                                      Extremely unimportant                               2%
                                                                                          2%

                                                                               0%                            10%                            20%                             30%                            40%                            50%

                                                                                                                Government/Public sector                                  Private Sector

                                                                                 Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                         KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  15




                                                                                  Figure 11: Importance of strategic factors by size of government organization

                                                                                  How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s
                                                                                  adoption of a cloud environment?

                                                                                  Strategic factors (e.g., business process transformation, linkage to business
                                                                                  partners, speed to market, focus on core competencies)

                                                                                                                                                                       27%
                                                                                                                                                                         28%
                                            Extremely important                                                                                                                                                       42%
                                                                                                                                                                                             35%
                                                                                                                                                                                           33%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     47%
                                                             Important
                                                                                                                                                                                  30%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            44%
                                                                                                                                                                                                       37%
                                                                                                                                                     21%
                      Neither important nor unimportant
                                                                                                                                                     21%
                                                                                                                                      16%
                                                                                            3%
                                                         Unimportant                       2%
                                                                                                    5%
                                                                                             3%
                                                                                    0%
                                        Extremely unimportant                             2%
                                                                                          2%
                                                                                          2%

                                                                                 0%                           10%                           20%                            30%                            40%                            50%

                                                                                          Public sector with less than 1,000 employees                                    Private sector with less than 1,000 employees
                                                                                          Public sector with 1,000 or more employees                                      Private sector with 1,000 or more employees

                                                                                  Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey




                                               Tracking ROI
                                               What metrics will governments be tracking as they adopt cloud technologies? According to our
                                               survey, key performance indicators will include those relating to cost, productivity, and revenue.
                                                                                           Figure 12: Key performance indicators

                                                                                           Which of the following key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics
                                                                                           are/will be used by your organization to measure the return on
                                                                                           investment (ROI) of a cloud environment?

                                                                     Productivity                                                                                                                          49%

                                                                                Cost                                                                                                                                         57%

                                                                         Revenue                                                                            28%

                                                         Access to markets                                                                     22%

                                                     Other (please specify)                       2%

                                                Cloud ROI not measured                                     6%
                                                                     Don’t know                                                           20%
                                                                                       0%                   10%                   20%                   30%                    40%                   50%                   60%

                                                                                           Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
16 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud



                                                                                  Ensuring security and building trust
                                                                                  Security and privacy concerns are the most significant barriers to public sector
    Public vs. Private: Security                                                  cloud adoption (see Figure 13). As Geoffrey Weber, partner with KPMG in the US,
                                                                                  explains, “Data security is probably the number one concern for most government
    Government concerns over security                                             agencies contemplating cloud. Already relatively more risk averse than private-
                                                                                                                  ”
    only slightly exceed those of the                                             sector companies, government agencies are meanwhile often privy to some of the
    private sector (47% vs. 44%                                                   most sensitive data available. This includes not only citizens’ personal information,
    respectively). But among the largest                                          “but also data relating to national security interests in agencies like the Department
    government entity respondents of                                              of Homeland Security or the Department of Defense. Thus, these government
                                                                                                                                          ”
    the survey, the figure rises to 56%,                                          executives’ heightened concerns, says Weber, “aren’t unreasonable.       ”
    the highest level of concern cited by
    any group.                                                                    Figure 13: Top challenges of adopting a cloud environment

                                                                                  What do you believe are the top challenges or concerns your organization
                                                                                  faces in adopting a cloud environment?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     47%
                                                                 Security
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         44%
                                                                                                                                                              24%
                                          Regulatory compliance
                                                                                                                                  14%

                                                        IT governance                                                                                         24%
                                                                                                                                         18%

                                                                                0%                           10%                            20%                            30%                            40%                            50%

                                                                                                                     Government/Public sector                            Private sector
                                                                                  Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud


                                                                                  Not only is personal data held by government often quite sensitive, but governments
                                                                                  are also a favorite target for hackers. “We are regularly under attack, says McKerlie
                                                                                                                                                        ”
                                                                                  of the Ontario Ministry of Government Services. “It’s just amazing the number of
                                                                                  threats that come at us in the course of a day. Consequently, he says, “we have to
                                                                                                                                 ”
                                                                                  make certain that whatever we implement in security terms is incredibly robust.  ”
                                                                                  Data security is also a primary concern for the United State General Services
                                                                                  Administration (GSA). In December 2010, the GSA became the first federal
                                                                                  government agency in the US to move its entire email function to a cloud model.
                                                                                  McClure maintains that at least in the case of his agency’s cloud provider, security is
                                                                                  a strong competency. “Most government CIOs know their own security program’s
                                                                                  strengths and weaknesses, he explains. “But if they evaluate a cloud services
                                                                                                              ”
                                                                                  provider and go through a solid baseline check for certification and accreditation – and
                                                                                  examine continuous monitoring capabilities – they may walk away very impressed.       ”
                                                                                  In general, says McClure, “the commitment to security and the level of controls
                                                                                  tend to be stronger for cloud services because these providers are being continually
                                                                                  challenged. Overall, says McClure, “if security is set up and managed correctly,
                                                                                              ”
                                                                                  there can be security advantages to working in a cloud environment. ”

                                                                                  Figure 14: Security concern by size of organization

                                                          Less than                                                                                           24% 33%
                                                   1,000 employees                                                                                                                               43%
                                                          1,000 or                                                                                            24%                                                                 56%
                                                   more employees                                                                                                                                     45%

                                                                                  0%                    10%                      20%                      30%                       40%                       50%                        60%

                                                                                                                     Government/Public sector                            Private sector

                                                                                  Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey
                                                                                          KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  17




     The value of certifications
     Survey participants indicate that they would feel more comfortable moving forward with cloud if there is a means of
     certification: a stamp of approval on issues such as appropriateness, effectiveness, and security.
     This certification appears to be of greater perceived benefit to smaller government entities.

      Figure 15: Easing of concern with certification by different entities
      If there were a certification of cloud services by the following entities, would it ease any of the concerns
      you have about adopting a cloud environment for your organization?




      Certification by government body


                                        10%
                                                                                                                                                                                          21%
                                          No
                                                                                                                                                                                           No
                                                                                                              40%
                                                                                                               No
                                                                                                                                  60%
                                                                                                                                   Yes                                                                   79%
                                               90%
                                                Yes                                                                                                                                                       Yes



                            Under 1,000 Employees                                                          Over 1,000 Employees                                                All Public Sector Respondents


      Certification by independent, non-profit body



                                                                                                                                   28%
                                 37%                                                                                                Yes                                                                       47%
                                  No                                                                                                                                                    53%
                                                                                                                                                                                         No                    Yes
                                                    63%                                                          72%
                                                     Yes                                                          No



                            Under 1,000 Employees                                                          Over 1,000 Employees                                                All Public Sector Respondents


      Certification by independent, for-profit body




                                                      30%                                                                         28%                                                                         38%
                                                       Yes                                                                         Yes                                                                         Yes
                                                                                                                                                                                         62%
                                    70%                                                                           72%                                                                     No
                                     No                                                                            No




                            Under 1,000 Employees                                                          Over 1,000 Employees                                                All Public Sector Respondents



                                                Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey




© 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012
Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012

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Exploring the cloud – a global kpmg study of government’s adoption of cloud_2012

  • 1. GOVERNMENT Exploring the Cloud A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud kpmg.com Cloud Innovation Storage Citizens Servers Network Risk mitigation Collaboration Information Transformation Web-based Access Services Cost savings Efficiency Users Security On-demand Applications Government Digital economy e-government Public Sector Data
  • 2. b | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Cloud is here. And as the accompanying research reveals, its promise is becoming real. © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 3. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  1 Foreword Cloud environments are already at work today reducing operating costs – in some cases substantially. Such models are enabling optimization of asset utilization and flexibility in both the scale and scope of IT services and hardware. Less of a revolution, as the hype might suggest, and more of a long-anticipated next phase in the evolution of information technology (IT), nonetheless cloud’s arrival carries profound implications for IT provision for governments. The era of cloud will likely offer an array of ancillary benefits. For example, cloud is proving to be an engine of innovation. Many government agencies around the world are exploring a host of new services for, and interactions with, other groups within government as well as citizens. Further, as cloud reduces the footprint of IT operations, agencies are free to focus more on the effectiveness of their programs, and less on the management of IT. Of course, there are challenges such as data security and governance. But, according to this research, the experience of those moving forward with cloud has shown that such risks can be adequately addressed. In fact, it seems more likely that cloud will actually enhance data security. Other challenges range from a lack of government-specific applications to a dearth of investment capital. But again, those who participated in this research say such issues can easily be addressed – and given the payoffs, must be overcome. The opportunity awaits, and for many the exploration has begun. This report is the third in a series on cloud from KPMG International, and seeks to offer guidance and insight to help those in the public sector get ready to move forward. To view the other KPMG cloud reports, please visit KPMG.com. Thank you to the many government officials around the world who gave generously of their time and insight as part of the research that provided the foundation for this paper. John Herhalt Ken Cochrane Global Chair Partner KPMG Government & Infrastructure KPMG in Canada KPMG International © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 4. © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 5. Table of contents Executive summary 4 Introduction: the evolution of cloud-enabled government 5 Governing from cloud 8 How the public sector is taking advantage of cloud technology8 Drivers of change9 Ensuring security and building trust 16 Unique challenges for the public sector18 A clear mandate: adopt cloud! 21 A world of progress21 Cases in point27 Adoption will come29 The transformation agenda 31 Creating a cloud-infused government 31 Driving innovation31 Getting there: six tips for creating traction 33 Conclusion37 Insights and implications 38 About the survey 42 Additional reading 43 © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 6. 4 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Executive summary How are governments planning for and adopting cloud? What are the challenges of cloud-enablement? How will the integration of cloud technologies disrupt the status quo of governance? More importantly, what are governments doing to ensure they get the most from their cloud investments? These are just some of the questions that KPMG International hopes to answer with this report. Working in conjunction with Forbes Insights, close to 430 public-sector government executives from 10 countries were surveyed to learn more about their cloud strategies and expectations. Key findings are as follows: • Government adoption of cloud is happening slowly, but is poised to accelerate: When it comes to exploring the opportunities of cloud, not surprisingly the public sector is well behind the private sector. Survey results find that the progress of government entities significantly lags that of their for-profit counterparts by 9 to 13 percent. Only 12 percent of government executives say that over 10 percent of their agencies’ overall annual IT resources are allocated to cloud in 2011. By the end of 2012, this figure is anticipated to more than double to 28 percent. Countries leading the way in cloud adoption are Australia, Italy and Denmark. • The public sector has modest expectations of cloud: Only 50 percent of government respondents expect to gain some cost advantages with cloud; only 28 percent expect it to fundamentally change their model for operations; and just 39 percent expect it to change interaction with constituents. • Security remains the biggest concern, but certification would help: Concern with security was cited by almost half of all government respondents (47 percent) as their most significant concern, only exceeding the private sector slightly at 44 percent. Among the largest government entity respondents of the survey, the figure rises to 56 percent, the highest level of concern cited by any group. However, almost 80 percent said they would be more confident if cloud services were certified by a government body. This report examines the implications of these findings on governments, citizens, cloud service providers and IT leaders. Responses from the global business survey of 808 business executives are referenced to provide further context. Throughout, we combine the deep experience of KPMG member firms’ professionals with the results of a series of in-depth interviews that were conducted with government leaders from around the world. The results provide insight into the current state of government cloud and offer an important benchmark for public sector organizations globally. © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 7. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  5 Introduction: the evolution of cloud-enabled government Government entities are starting to embrace cloud, but what does that mean for the Cloud public sector? Cloud technology constitutes a change in computing and knowledge management, Hosted IT services delivered on a with hosted IT services delivered on a shared, internet-based platform. The real shared, internet-based platform. value of this type of environment is the ability to use that platform to combine data access and exchange with access to low-cost computing and applications to provide efficiency and flexibility (see Figure 1). Research methodology The information in this report is based on the results of surveying 429 government executives and managers in 10 countries, as well as 808 executives in the private sector. The research was done in May 2011 by Forbes Insights in collaboration with KPMG International. Additionally, a series of one-on-one interviews, were conducted with government leaders from around the world. Respondents break-down as follows: • Size of organization: All agencies and companies have annual budgets or revenues of at least US$200 million. Forty-six percent of government agencies surveyed have budgets of US$1 billion or more; 23 percent have budgets of US$10 billion or more. Forty-two percent of private-sector companies have revenues of US$1 billion or more; 20 percent have revenues of US$10 billion or more. • Level of government and title: Fifty-three percent of respondents to the government survey work at the national level, 25 percent at the regional level, and 22 percent at the local level. Thirty-one percent of respondents to the government survey have C-level titles; 46 percent have C-level titles in the private-sector survey. • Countries: Countries in the government research include Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States. Twenty-nine percent of government respondents are located in the Americas, 22 percent in Asia/Pacific, and 50 percent in Europe/Middle East/Africa. For the private-sector survey, the geographic distribution was 43 percent Americas, 32 percent Asia/Pacific, and 25 percent Europe/Middle East/Africa. © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 8. 6 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Definitions • IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service: Infrastructure traditionally provided by servers, desktops and network equipment is instead delivered over the internet and can be scaled up or down as needed. • PaaS – Platform as a Service: Software development, storage and hosting are accessed as a service over the internet. • SaaS – Software as a Service: On-demand applications provided through an internet browser, eliminating the need to install, run and maintain programs on internal systems. • BPaaS – Business Process as a Service: Business process outsourcing (BPO) is provisioned using a cloud computing model; bundled with SaaS/ PaaS/IaaS and delivered over the internet. Like other potentially transformative innovations, cloud will take some time for users to fully understand its full potential and get past its initial mystique, build and make it work, prove and develop its credibility, and operationalize and move it to broad adoption. There is still much work to be done. However, as results of this research suggest, momentum is building, but governments remain cautious. Figure 1: Cloud environment Cloud Internet-based data Internet-based access to low-cost = + Environment access and exchange computing and applications Virtualized Technology Virtualized Virtualized Processes Organization Opportunities to Leverage Commoditized Enterprise Applications and Economies of Scale Virtualized Business Models Reduce General Improve Reduce Invested Reduce Cost of Speed to Market and Administrative Working Capital Capital Goods Sold Costs (SGA) Source: KPMG in the US 2011, Cloud environment © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 9. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  7 The promise of cloud is CASE 1: that it can bring together Ontario, Canada examines the benefits practices, tools, and Canada’s Ron McKerlie – Deputy Minister of Government Services, Associate technologies that will better Secretary of the Cabinet, and Secretary of the Management Board of the position a government Cabinet – is taking a hard look at cloud-enabled processes. And what he’s keen to learn is “whether or not there’s a prize here, financial or otherwise. ” department to operate in a In practical terms, McKerlie is involved in a pilot project, testing the cloud-based significantly more efficient, wares of a major technology provider. “We were actually very anxious to get predictable, flexible, and some experience with private cloud technologies, McKerlie explains. “So ” we were delighted when we were approached – and so far it’s been a great accountable manner. opportunity. ” The work-to-date centers on accessing and managing common shared The benefits of the cloud services like email and collaboration tools. And in McKerlie’s opinion, for the CIO so far, the project has been a success. Now, says McKerlie, “we’re better informed, and are now in a position where we can harvest some The advantages of adopting cloud of the learning to see what potential exists for the cloud in the Ontario can be profound for government Public Service. Still, the approach remains cautious – just one step at ” IT departments, starting with the a time. “We want to make certain not only of what we think we know, reduction or redirection of on-site IT but of what we might not know. And there are other, more conscious ” staff as well as the ability to access concerns. “If our private data is in the hands of a US supplier or provider, IT resources and infrastructure as US legislation allows their government to obtain private data without needed. notification. This, says McKerlie, “is a big deal for us, particularly given the ” amount of personal information, such as health data, that we hold for the For the CIO and the senior IT team, citizens of Ontario.” cloud can also deliver the added benefit of reducing the time needed Such concerns aside, McKerlie says the pilot project is likely just a first baby to manage IT infrastructure, and step. A possible next step could be a private cloud offering services such as therefore increase the IT function’s email to related government entities. “We’ve built a Tier 4 data center, and now ability to focus on developing stronger we have several agencies interested in getting service. A government cloud, ” programs and services for citizens, says McKerlie, “could be set up to provide municipalities or broader public- businesses, and other stakeholders. sector entities or agencies with the services they need. ” © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 10. 8 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Governing from cloud How the public sector is taking advantage of cloud Public vs. Private: technology Exploring cloud The results of this survey find that a large number of government entities are When it comes to exploring the already taking steps to better understand – and potentially capitalize on – the many opportunities of cloud, the public advantages that cloud offers. sector seems well behind the private sector. Survey results find For this research, three core elements were used to provide evidence of this that the progress of government shift: the development of a cloud strategy, the testing of a proof of concept, and entities significantly lags that of the partial implementation of a cloud environment. Survey results show that their for-profit counterparts by 9 to  approximately a quarter of governments around the world are moving forward with 13 percentage points. exploring the benefits of cloud (see Figure 2). Figure 2: Evidence of a shift to cloud Which of the following activities has your organization undertaken as part of its move toward adopting/implementing a cloud environment? 29% Developing a strategy 38% 24% Testing of a proof of concept 35% Partial Implementation 19% 32% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% Government/Public sector Private Sector Source: PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey K KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 11. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  9 Public, private or hybrid cloud? Cloud services are often developed in one of two ways: (1) private clouds, where the services are dedicated to a single party that retains direct management oversight; and (2) public clouds, where non-related parties may reside on the same servers and are primarily managed by a third party. Hybrid clouds, as the name suggests, are combinations of these two methods. A number of governments are also exploring the concept of ‘Community Clouds’ envisioned as a rules-based environment shared by organizations with similar needs, perspectives or requirements, such as geography, industry, or supply chains. Figure 3: Types of cloud environments What type of cloud environment does your organization use/intend to use? Private cloud 32% Public cloud 22% Hybrid cloud 26% Community cloud 13% No plans to adopt cloud 8% Don’t know 23% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey Drivers of change The transition to a more cloud-centric model is under way. For government respondents, some of the most influential drivers appear to be potential cost savings, and the pursuit of increased efficiency and effectiveness -- if not wholesale process transformation. But expectations are modest. Only 50 percent expect potential cost savings from cloud (Figure 4). © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 12. 10 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Economic drivers Governments are seeing the potential for achieving cost reduction by migrating to a more virtual operating model through the adoption of cloud as critical. Some are already identifying potential cost savings, such as reduced invested capital by using less IT infrastructure and lower administrative costs by requiring fewer internal staff to perform processes. Figure 4: Expected impact of cloud Which of the following best describe the potential impact of cloud on your business model/operations? It will fundamentally change 28% our business model 32% It will change our interaction with 39% customers (i.e., constituents/citizens) and suppliers 39% It will provide management with 37% greater transparency on transactions 32% 50% It will reduce costs 50% 24% It will accelerate time to market 35% 18% No significant impact 12% 3% Other (Please specify) 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Government/Public sector Private sector Source: PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey K KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud Seventy-six percent of government respondents describe cost and related economic factors as either extremely important (41 percent) or important (35 percent) to their organization’s decisions surrounding cloud adoption (see Figure 5). Figure 5: Importance of economic factors (e.g., cost savings, shift capital “ udget deficits and B expenditures to operational expenditures) austerity programs in so How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s adoption of a cloud environment? many nations provide a compelling reason for Extremely important 41% 37% governments to take Important 35% 40% a closer look at the Neither important 19% nor unimportant 19% potential for savings. ” 2% Unimportant 3% John Hermans Extremely 2% KPMG in the Netherlands unimportant 2% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Government/Public sector Private sector Source: PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey K KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 13. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  11 Government respondents indicate that funding for cloud initiatives Public vs. Private: will only be forthcoming if significant cost savings can be achieved. Almost three Impact of cloud quarters (73 percent) of government respondents say that cost reductions are necessary for their organizations to move to a cloud environment (Figure 6). The public sector and private sector are on par when it comes to the Figure 6: Need for cost reductions impact of cloud on business models and consumer/citizen interaction. Are cost reductions/savings necessary for your organization to move to a cloud environment? But government is slightly more optimistic on the influence of cloud on 73% transparency: 37 percent of ­ ublic- p Yes 75% sector respondents say cloud will 27% No make operations and performance 25% more transparent to management, 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% versus 32 percent in the private sector. Government/Public sector Private sector Source: PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey K KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud To move to cloud, just how significant will those cost savings need to be? According to survey results, more than a quarter of respondents need to achieve savings of up to 10 percent, slightly less (21 percent) require savings of up to a quarter of their costs, and one in ten respondents say they would need cloud to deliver at least a 25 percent savings on current costs (see Figure 7). Figure 7: Required cost savings What percentage reduction in IT or non-IT costs do you believe would be needed? 11% More than 25% 9% 11–25% 21% 32% 27% 1–10% 43% Don’t know 29% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Government/Public sector Private sector Source: PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey K KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 14. 12 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Who will lead? In the planning and implementation phase, government respondents are most likely to view leadership as the responsibility of the CIO (29%), with a government equivalent of the CEO a close second (21%). Once under full implementation, the CIO remains the most frequently cited executive followed by the CTO and the COO. Figure 8: Leader of a cloud environment Who should be responsible for managing service level performance of external cloud providers after a cloud environment has been adopted? Chief Information Officer – CIO 27% Chief Technology Officer – CTO 15% Chief Operations Officer – COO 14% Chief Executive Officer – CEO/Minister/Secretary 10% Chief Financial Officer – CFO 6% EVP/SVP/Deputy Minister/ 6% Under Secretary/DG Other C-level executives 5% Misc. Others (Senior Directors, Managers, Managing Directors, etc.) 16% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 15. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  13 However, many are not yet convinced the cost savings of cloud are real, accessible, “If achievable, this would or even sustainable. As Ron McKerlie1 of the Ontario Ministry of Public Services explains, “We’ve heard the claims that there are some cost savings to be had. represent a critical benefit Certainly, we are interested in those if they can be realized, but it remains to be for government, where it seen whether they really are or aren’t there. ” is important to be flexible. While Dave McClure, Associate Administrator of the Office of Citizen Services and Innovative Technologies at the US General Services Administration (GSA), says that There are often policy his group’s early experiences are showing “real benefits so far, including greater changes, amendments to agility, solution support simplification, and lower costs. Still, he wonders, “what ” will happen in the long run – are the gains sustainable?” regulations or laws – that can result in a need to Technical change drivers ramp up fast. ” Government also seems eager to gain a clearer picture of the potential enterprise- wide benefits of cloud environments, especially flexibility, scalability, simplicity, Ann Steward security, and advanced technology. Seventy-nine percent of government Australian Government Chief respondents cite technical change drivers as either extremely important (39 Information Officer and Deputy percent) or important (40 percent) to cloud adoption (Figure 9). Secretary, Department of Finance and Deregulation Figure 9: Importance of technical change drivers How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s adoption of a cloud environment? Technical factors (e.g., flexibility, scalability, simplicity, security, advanced technology) 39% Extremely important 37% 40% Important 42% 18% Neither important nor unimportant 16% 1% Unimportant 3% 2% Extremely unimportant 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Government/Public sector Private sector Source: PMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey K KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud 1 Mr. McKerlie’s full title: Deputy Minister of Government Services, Associate Secretary, of the Cabinet and Secretary of Management Board of the Cabinet. © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 16. 14 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Strategic factors As Pat Howard, an IBM partner and VP for global services, maintains, “This opens up strategic avenues that weren’t there before. Among agencies and public sector initiatives, there will be a level of optimization, market responsiveness, and agility that governments just couldn’t achieve in the past. ” Interestingly, larger government entities (those with 1,000 or more employees) are significantly more likely to find strategic drivers to be ‘extremely important’ than are smaller entities (those with under 1,000 employees). Forty-two percent of larger government entities describe strategic benefits as extremely important versus only 27 percent of smaller entities (Figure 11). Figure 10: Importance of strategic factors How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s adoption of a cloud environment? Strategic factors (e.g., process transformation, linkage to business/ organization partners, speed to market/implementation, focus on core competencies) 30% Extremely important 33% 40% Important 44% 23% Neither important nor unimportant 19% 5% Unimportant 3% Extremely unimportant 2% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Government/Public sector Private Sector Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 17. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  15 Figure 11: Importance of strategic factors by size of government organization How important are the following factors in driving your organization’s adoption of a cloud environment? Strategic factors (e.g., business process transformation, linkage to business partners, speed to market, focus on core competencies) 27% 28% Extremely important 42% 35% 33% 47% Important 30% 44% 37% 21% Neither important nor unimportant 21% 16% 3% Unimportant 2% 5% 3% 0% Extremely unimportant 2% 2% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Public sector with less than 1,000 employees Private sector with less than 1,000 employees Public sector with 1,000 or more employees Private sector with 1,000 or more employees Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey Tracking ROI What metrics will governments be tracking as they adopt cloud technologies? According to our survey, key performance indicators will include those relating to cost, productivity, and revenue. Figure 12: Key performance indicators Which of the following key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics are/will be used by your organization to measure the return on investment (ROI) of a cloud environment? Productivity 49% Cost 57% Revenue 28% Access to markets 22% Other (please specify) 2% Cloud ROI not measured 6% Don’t know 20% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 18. 16 | Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud Ensuring security and building trust Security and privacy concerns are the most significant barriers to public sector Public vs. Private: Security cloud adoption (see Figure 13). As Geoffrey Weber, partner with KPMG in the US, explains, “Data security is probably the number one concern for most government Government concerns over security agencies contemplating cloud. Already relatively more risk averse than private- ” only slightly exceed those of the sector companies, government agencies are meanwhile often privy to some of the private sector (47% vs. 44% most sensitive data available. This includes not only citizens’ personal information, respectively). But among the largest “but also data relating to national security interests in agencies like the Department government entity respondents of of Homeland Security or the Department of Defense. Thus, these government ” the survey, the figure rises to 56%, executives’ heightened concerns, says Weber, “aren’t unreasonable. ” the highest level of concern cited by any group. Figure 13: Top challenges of adopting a cloud environment What do you believe are the top challenges or concerns your organization faces in adopting a cloud environment? 47% Security 44% 24% Regulatory compliance 14% IT governance 24% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Government/Public sector Private sector Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud Not only is personal data held by government often quite sensitive, but governments are also a favorite target for hackers. “We are regularly under attack, says McKerlie ” of the Ontario Ministry of Government Services. “It’s just amazing the number of threats that come at us in the course of a day. Consequently, he says, “we have to ” make certain that whatever we implement in security terms is incredibly robust. ” Data security is also a primary concern for the United State General Services Administration (GSA). In December 2010, the GSA became the first federal government agency in the US to move its entire email function to a cloud model. McClure maintains that at least in the case of his agency’s cloud provider, security is a strong competency. “Most government CIOs know their own security program’s strengths and weaknesses, he explains. “But if they evaluate a cloud services ” provider and go through a solid baseline check for certification and accreditation – and examine continuous monitoring capabilities – they may walk away very impressed. ” In general, says McClure, “the commitment to security and the level of controls tend to be stronger for cloud services because these providers are being continually challenged. Overall, says McClure, “if security is set up and managed correctly, ” there can be security advantages to working in a cloud environment. ” Figure 14: Security concern by size of organization Less than 24% 33% 1,000 employees 43% 1,000 or 24% 56% more employees 45% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Government/Public sector Private sector Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey KPMG International 2011, Clarity in the Cloud © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.
  • 19. Exploring the Cloud: A Global Study of Governments’ Adoption of Cloud  |  17 The value of certifications Survey participants indicate that they would feel more comfortable moving forward with cloud if there is a means of certification: a stamp of approval on issues such as appropriateness, effectiveness, and security. This certification appears to be of greater perceived benefit to smaller government entities. Figure 15: Easing of concern with certification by different entities If there were a certification of cloud services by the following entities, would it ease any of the concerns you have about adopting a cloud environment for your organization? Certification by government body 10% 21% No No 40% No 60% Yes 79% 90% Yes Yes Under 1,000 Employees Over 1,000 Employees All Public Sector Respondents Certification by independent, non-profit body 28% 37% Yes 47% No 53% No Yes 63% 72% Yes No Under 1,000 Employees Over 1,000 Employees All Public Sector Respondents Certification by independent, for-profit body 30% 28% 38% Yes Yes Yes 62% 70% 72% No No No Under 1,000 Employees Over 1,000 Employees All Public Sector Respondents Source: KPMG International 2012, Government Cloud Survey © 2012 KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. Member firms of the KPMG network of independent firms are affiliated with KPMG International. KPMG International provides no client services. All rights reserved.