The document provides an overview of the history and modern framework of international human rights. It discusses how human rights emerged from antiquity through documents like the Code of Hammurabi and rights of Athenian citizens. Major developments included the Magna Carta, declarations of rights in the 18th century, and conventions establishing rights and protections for civilians and prisoners of war. After World War II, the UN was formed and adopted instruments like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenants to establish universal civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Today, human rights are monitored and enforced through UN bodies and mechanisms as well as regional organizations and local NGOs.