1. Buses with High Level of Service
Fundamental characteristics and recommendations
for decision‐making and research
EU‐COST Action TU 0630
Mellanstatligt vetenskapligt och tekniskt samarbete inom FP7
Certu & Nantes Metropole leading partners
Vinnova finansierar svensk medverkan
i fi i k d k
Sven‐Allan Bjerkemo
Bjerkemo Konsult Transportforum Linköping 100113

2. www.cost.esf.eu
Courtesy Francois Rambaud CERTU

3. What is Certu ?
Centre for studies on urban planning, transportation and public facilities
Agency of the French Ministry of Ecology,
sustainable Development and Spatial
Planning
Capitalizes, develops and disseminates
knowledge and methodologies on a wide
variety of urban issues
For local government agencies, local
authorities, institutes and companies which
are involved in public service activities
Courtesy Francois Rambaud CERTU
3

4. European overview of BHLS
In 2007 Certu and the city
of Nantes launched a
group of experts
14 countries + UITP
involved during 4
years (2007-2011)
Sharing experiences,
Best Practices
Recommendations for
decisions-makers and
research
About 50 systems in the
world, about 40 more
planned. N t all f ll BRT or
l d Not ll full
BHLS
Involved countries
Bus with High Level of Service
Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

5. How we see american BRT from Europe
Very high capacity system, speed and
long trips
Demand and space to build « highways
for buses »
System approach: not only a rolling stock
– merely surface Metro systems
Ottawa (Canada)
Different prerequisities
North Amercia: Cost effectivness
South America, Indonesia: High mass
transport demand, low driver costs
demand
Transmilenio in Bogota (Colombia)
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

6. Which context in Europe for BHLS ?
Trains, metro and tramway already deliver the
mass transit function
Dense cities with narrow streets
The « at-grade » urbanism, integration
Metro in Madrid (Spain)
( p )
Need to fill the gap between regular bus and
tramway – « the pyramid perspective »
Focus on
• reliability/regularity,
• accessibility y
• comfort and urban quality
Tramway in Lyon (France)
Tramway in Lyon (France)
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

7. Trams
BHLS in France
Rebirth of tramways between 1985 and 2008 :
400 km of tramway
Additional 350 km planned by 2013
91 km BHLS in operation
234 km of urban BHLS planned by 2014
Important where tramway profitability is
questioned (< 2500 pass/h/direction)
Also for suburban transport: Bhls
Experiment A48 in Grenoble
Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

8. TEOR in Rouen in 2001/2007 :
a way to enhance streets/urban q
y quality
y
Before
B f After
Aft
The TEOR/BHLS System: • Vehicules: moderns, comfortable
• Infrastructure: dedicated lanes
• Stations: accesibility, guided docking
• ITS: ticketing, information
• Operation: crossroad priority guidance
priority,
• Image, communication: special name, logo
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

9. TEOR Transport Est - Ouest Rouennaise
0,4 M inhabitants
3 lines = 30 km
13 km reserved
lanes
5,5 M€/km
Frequency 6
min/line in peak
hours
Av. Speed: 17 25
A S d 17,25
km/h
45 000 pass./day
Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

10. Nantes Busway® 2006
Ombyggd motorvägsinfart, särskilda bussar, stadsutvecklingsprojekt
Komplett systemlösning; P+R, fordon, info, tillgänglighet, stadsmiljö

11. The Busway® line 4 in Nantes 2006 :
« the bus as the tramway »
y
0,6 M inh., 0,3 M empl.
24 communes
190 PT trips/inh./year
3 tramlines: 42 km
Line 4: 7 km
15 stations
Place Foch
7 M€/km
Hô tel Dieu
4 P+R 1100 cars
Greneraie
Trentemoult
Roquios 20/21 biogas buses Bi-
Chapeau Verni
articulated planned
Goudy
Trentemoult
Freq.: 4/3 5 min PH
F 4/3,5 i
Bourdonni è
res
Porte
de Vertou
Av. speed: 21 km/h
24 600 pass./day
/d
Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

12. Triskell
Lorient 2007
Buss- och cykelgata
genom rondell med
väjningsplikt för
bilar
”Circular junctions, not
roundabouts!”
”Virtuell bussgata” –
signalprioritet även för
g p
bilar så bussen
kommer först …

13. Triskell Lorient 2007:
the BHLS concept adapted to smaller cities
New city bridge for
buses, cycling, walking.
Triskell (old Celtic sign), 1st phase:
190 000 inh. Cap Lorient
4,6 km, 15 stations
19 communities
31 M€, 6.7 M€/km
21 bus lines
Bus priority, savings 2-7 min/line
89 trips/inh/year
Polycentric, three branches Red-paved linear dedicated lanes
connected in a small, dense area Flat surface, all stations alike
Readability

14. Spain
Madrid
M d id HOV lanes
l
Madrid region = 6 M Inhabitants
12,5 km in operation in A6
p
Program of 200 km in 6 radial highways
The HOV concept not else in Europe !
Moncloa HOV interchange
Madrid MB (
M d id MBus (regional plan)
i l l )
First investments based on metro
Program of 4 lines – 40 km, 585 M€
g
Castellon (Valencia Region)
0,3
0 3 M inhabitants
The 1st urban BHLS in Spain (2008)
20 km when finished
Optical guidance system (Civis)
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

15. Netherlands
12 bus systems may be called « BHLS »
Zuidtangent (2001)
Amsterdam = 1,5 M inh.
42 km tangential line (as TVM in Paris)
km,
1,9 km between stops
35 km/h
40 000 pass/day (+ 15%/year)
Eindhoven (2005)
0,4 inh
0 4 M inh.
18 km Phileas (magnetic guidance)
Almere (« new towns »)
0,2 M inhab.
There are still more new PT-suburbs
Utrecht (2002)
0,3 M inhab.
Double-articulated bus
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

16. Germany
3 bus systems which may be called
« BHLS »
« MetroBusse » in Hamburg (2005)
1,7 i h
1 7 M inh.
Bi-articulated buses
15 km – 60 000 trips/day
p y
60% exclusive running ways (former tram)
Essen O bahn (started 1980)
O-bahn
0,5 M inh.
4 km
Kerb guidance system with rollers
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

17. SuperCAM, världens längsta busstråk, 40 km varav 23,5 km bussbana

18. United Kingdom
Deregulation -> difficult to integrate lines, fares and information
lines
Quality Bus Corridor (QBC), reserved lanes, quality vehicles & stops
QBC in Manchester
280 km, 120 M€
Focus on bus stops (1st contact)
2000 -> 2013
Reflection on guidance & vehicle
Partially segregated BHLS
Leeds Superbus (0,4M. inh., 2 km 1995/1998)
Edinburgh Fastlink (0,4M. inh., 8 km 2004)
Kent Fastrack (14 km route - 6 km dedicated 2006
2006,
new HST station Ebbsfleet 2007)
Crawley Fastway Gatwick (0,1 M. inh., 24 km route
– 6 km dedicated 2003/2006)
Courtesy after Sébastien Rabuel CERTU. See also Bjerkemo/Vinnova VR 2007:03

19. Ireland
QBC in Dublin (started 1997)
1,2 M inh.
200 km -> 400 km
>
55 to 80 M€/year
Bus modal split 41% -> 57%
Bus and bicycle lanes
consequently
Dublin O’Connel Street, 1700 buses a day (mostly Volvo)

20. Italy
Concept of LAM (Linea Alta Mobilita)
Prato (0,2 M inh.), Brescia (0 2 M inh )
(0 2 inh ) (0,2 inh.),
Pisa (0,09 M inh.)
Not as thorough as previous presented
12 to 50 % reserved lanes
4 to 8 min. frequency during PH
Identification (travel map, colour)
Trends
Insufficient knowledge, operators
Messina : 6 k Ci i or Phil
M i km, Civis Phileas system
t
Bologna : 20 km, 250 M€, Civis, mixed
with tramway
Courtesy Sébastien Rabuel CERTU

21. To Sum Up,
Organisation of this COST action (TU 603)
In co-operation
co operation
WG1 WG2 WG3 WG4 with UITP, EBSF
Infrastructure Rolling- Operating Social,
European Bus
stock issues economical
issues and System of the
y
networking Future
WP1 State of the art BRT World-wide
- Identification of best practices case st dies regarding the s stem
practices, studies system
h
WP2 Analysis of the state of the art
WG reports for each WG topic
WP3 Recommendations
WG reports for each WG topic – final report
WP4 Dissemination
- Web site – final conference Picture courtesy by
Francois Rambaud
CERTU

22. To find out more:
www.bhls.eu, www.bhns.fr www.certu.fr
www bhls eu www bhns fr , www certu fr
BHLS – Concept and recommendations (Certu 2005) – Practical advice
BHLS – From the choice of the system to the implementation (to be p
y p ( published)
)
Executive summary on the relevance of tramway/BHLS (to be published)
Thanks for Your Attention!
Bjerkemo Konsult Hubertusv. 29 S-226 53 LUND Sweden
+46 46 211 51 00, mobile +46 70 593 10 81
Transportation Planning, Public Transport
Sustainable & Integrated Transport Strategies bjerkemo.konsult@swipnet.se

23. 2004
1994 2005 2005
2005 2007 2007 2008

24. International BRT definitions:
Levinson et al.
Bus Rapid Transit - Implementation Guidelines
TCRP Report 90-Volume II
• “A flexible, high performance rapid transit mode that
• combines a variety of physical, operating and system elements into
physical
• a permanently integrated system with a
• quality image and unique identity.”
BRT Planning Guide (IDTP 2007):
• A high-quality bus based transit system that
• delivers fast, comfortable, and cost-effective urban mobility through
• the provision of segregated right-of-way infrastructure,
p g g g y
• rapid and frequent operations and
• excellence in marketing and customer service.
Bjerkemo Konsult Vinnova/KTH 080903