UCSI University Pharmacy students executed their 9th Public Health Campaign in Mambau, Negeri Sembilan. Here are just some of the materials that was part of their exhibition.

2. Over time, plaque builds up on the injured inside walls of coronary arteries. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) will associate with the plaque and form atherosclerotic plaque . The atherosclerotic plaque will then rupture, causing blood clot on its surface. The blood clot enlarges to partially or completely block the blood vessels

3. B lood flow is interrupted. Picture courtesy of: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17004.htm H eart cells die due to lack of oxygen and nutrients. Heart Attack

5. When a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot or ruptures. Picture courtesy of: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17133.htm Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen and nutrients. Blood flowing to that part of the brain is interrupted .

10. Atherosclerosis [9] Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart , brain and other parts of the body. Atherosclerotic plaque is composed of cholesterol, fats, cellular debris and other substances. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up on the insides of your arteries.

11. Atherosclerosis [9] Passage for blood flow along the artery walls narrows or becomes completely blocked HEART ATTACK / STROKE Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. Heart muscles or brain tissues do not get enough oxygenated blood and nutrients . Picture courtesy of: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19314.htm

14. Healthy Lifestyle Maintain a Healthy Blood Pressure: Source: Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of Hypertension, 3 rd Ed. 2008 February;MOH/P/PAK/156.08(GU) Blood Pressure Classification Systolic BP (mm Hg) Diastolic BP (mm Hg) Normal < 120 < 80 Prehypertension 120 – 139 80 – 89 Stage 1 Hypertension 140 – 159 90 – 99 Stage 2 Hypertension 160 – 179 100 – 109 Stage 3 Hypertension ≥ 180 ≥ 110

15. High blood pressure (hypertension) means that your blood is pumping with more force than normal through your arteries . Healthy Lifestyle Maintain a Healthy Blood Pressure: [12,13,14]

17. The narrowed artery blocks the flow of blood to the heart muscles or brain tissues. Picture courtesy of: http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Cardiovascular/HeartAttack.htm Healthy Lifestyle Maintain a Healthy Blood Pressure: [12,13,14] Depriv ed of oxygen and nutrients HEART ATTACK / STROKE

19. Healthy Lifestyle Insulin deficiency causes glucose to accumulate in the blood, rather than being transported to the cells and converted into energy. High sugar level in the blood will damage the blood vessels. Damaged blood vessels will increase the deposition of fatty materials in the artery walls. Atherosclerosis HEART ATTACK / STROKE Good Control of Diabetes Mellitus : [15,16,17]

21. Table 1: Targets for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [19] Levels Glycaemic Control Fasting 4.4 – 6.1 mmol/L Non- fasting 4.4 – 8.0 mmol/L HbA1c < 6.5% Lipids Triglycerides ≤ 1.7 mmol/L HDL cholesterol ≥ 1.1 mmol/L LDL cholesterol ≤ 2.6 mmol/L Exercise 150 minutes/week Blood Pressure Normal Renal Function ≤ 130/80 mmHg Renal Impairment/ Gross Proteinuria ≤ 125/75 mmHg