Climb via, descend via, and speed adjustment phraseology & procedures

Climb Via, Descend Federal Aviation
Administration

Via, and Speed
Adjustment
Phraseology and
Procedures

Presented to: AJT/E/S
By: Performance Based Navigation Policy &
Support Group, AJV-14
Date: March 16, 2012

What is climb via?
“Climb Via” is new phraseology designed to
provide controllers with a single instruction that
authorizes pilots to navigate a SID/RNAV SID
vertically and laterally, complying with all
published restrictions. Climb via is used by
ATC AFTER departure to join or rejoin a
SID/RNAV SID and also to amend published
vertical restrictions.

“Climb Via” procedures and phraseology are
consistent with existing “Descend Via”
procedures and phraseology.
Climb Via , Descend Via & Speed Adjustment Phraseology and Federal Aviation 2
Procedures Administration

What is climb via?
Definition:

CLIMB VIA – Used in an ATC clearance to
authorize a pilot to navigate vertically and
laterally on a SID or RNAV SID. The pilot is
responsible to meet all published speed and
altitude restrictions. Climb can be made at the
discretion of the pilot.


Climb Via Implementation

VERTICAL NAVIGATION
ATC assigns altitudes on the majority of conventional
SIDs and some RNAV SIDs. Recently, more RNAV
SIDs are being published with altitude restrictions along
the lateral path and a final (or “top”) altitude to maintain
in lieu of ATC assigned altitudes. Climb via provides an
efficient means to either issue or amend these
published altitudes.


Clearance to climb via authorizes pilots to:
VERTICALLY and LATERALLY navigate on a
SID/RNAV SID.

“Climb via the DAWGS FIVE DEPARTURE”

Climb via authorizes the pilot to climb (at pilot
discretion) to the published or ATC assigned altitude
and comply with all published restrictions. ATC is
responsible for obstacle clearance when issuing a
“climb via” clearance until aircraft are established on
the lateral and vertical path of a SID/RNAV SID.


Climb Via - Vertical Navigation

“….via (transition)
maintain FL230 or
lower filed altitude.”

The published final altitude
of the procedure can be
found in the narrative,
usually on page two of the
procedure


Climb Via- Vertical Navigation
Changing the final altitude:

If it is necessary to assign an interim altitude, or assign
a final altitude not contained on a SID/RNAV SID, the
provisions of subparagraph 4-5-7h may be used in
conjunction with subparagraph 4-5-7a.

“Climb via the JOHNN Two Departure, except
after BARET maintain flight level one niner
zero”
This clearance authorizes climb to a new assigned altitude and requires
compliance with ALL other published restrictions


When issuing a climb via clearance, the aircrew will climb to comply
with altitudes published on the procedure or as amended by ATC.

When issuing speed or altitude adjustments or combined speed/
altitude adjustments in conjunction with a clearance to climb via
charted procedures with published speed and/or altitude
restrictions, specify the point at which the restriction begins, ends,
or changes the charted restrictions.
“Climb via the SUZAN Two departure, except cross Mkala at or
above seven thousand.”

“Climb via the SUZAN Two Departure, maintain two three zero
knots until MKALA.”



CAUTION: Clearance to maintain an altitude after issuing a
climb via clearance will authorize an unrestricted climb to the
new altitude and cancel all remaining published altitude
restrictions (FAAO JO 7110.65, Para. 4-2-5b, 4-5-7h).

“Climb Via the BOACH FOUR DEPARTURE,
maintain FL 230”

Do not use this combination of clearances as they
are contradictory!!

Pilots cleared for vertical navigation using the
phraseology “climb via” must inform ATC, upon
initial contact, of the altitude leaving, and the
assigned SID. Advise the controller of any
assigned restrictions not published on the
procedure.

“United Seven Eleven leaving four thousand for
climbing via the via the STAAV FOUR
FL 240, climbingSTAAV FOUR DEPARTURE.”
DEPARTURE.”


Descend Via - Vertical Navigation

Change to air crew reporting
Pilots cleared for vertical navigation using the
phraseology “descend via” must inform ATC, upon
requirements with Descend
initial contact, of the altitude leaving, the runway
Via procedures
transition if assigned, and any assigned restrictions
not published on the procedure.
Standard:
“Delta Fifty Five, leaving FL190 descending via the FRAZI ONE
ARRIVAL runway 26 transition”
Amended:
“Delta Fifty Five, leaving FL190 for eight thousand, descending via
the FRAZI ONE ARRIVAL runway 26 transition”


Descend Via - Vertical Navigation
When issuing a descend via clearance, the aircrew will descend to
comply with altitudes published on the procedure or as amended
by ATC.

When issuing speed or altitude adjustments or combined speed/
altitude adjustments in conjunction with a clearance to descend via
charted procedures with published speed and/or altitude
restrictions, specify the point at which the restriction begins, ends,
or changes the charted restrictions.

“ Descend via the HARIS One Arrival, except after BRUNO,
maintain one zero thousand.”


Climb Via / Descend Via - Vertical
Navigation
For aircraft on direct routing to a STAR/RNAV STAR or
SID/RNAV SID waypoint/fix, paragraph 4-5-7h.1 requires
controllers to assign an altitude to cross the waypoint/fix if no
published altitude is depicted.

Controllers should assign an altitude that will insure
obstruction clearance and permit normal climb/descent to the
next published altitude on the procedure


If it is necessary to change a published altitude on a STAR/RNAV
STAR or SID/RNAV SID, the provisions of subpara 4-5-7h may be
used in conjunction with subpara 4-5-7a.

“Climb Via the
SHEAD SEVEN DBIGE
DEPARTURE, 21000 SHEAD
except after DBIGE 14000
climb and maintain
flight level two
three zero.”



If an aircraft has been vectored off of a SID, use
“resume” phraseology to rejoin the procedure and
assign a new altitude when compliance with published
altitude restrictions are no longer required.

“Resume the BOACH FOUR DEPARTURE,
climb and maintain FL230”
(Para. 4-5-7h.4. NOTE, Para. 5-6-2f)


Paragraph 5-6-2c Reminder
Issue with Seven Eleven leaving four and all
“United the vector an altitude to maintain
appropriate altitude restrictions when:
thousand climbing via the STAAV FOUR
DEPARTURE.”take the instructions, i.e., instrument approach,
1. The vector will
which contains altitude
aircraft off an assigned procedure

nonradar SID, FMSP, etc.

“United Seven Eleven, turn right heading
Since the RNAV procedure contains the altitude
instructions and/or restrictions (traditionally issued by the
three-one-zero, climb and maintain one-five
controller), once the aircraft is vectored off the procedure,
thousand.”
the pilot must be given alternate altitude instructions, until
returned to the procedure.


Climb Via - Lateral Navigation
When cleared to a waypoint
depicted on a SID/RNAV
SID with a published altitude
restriction.
BOACH
“Proceed direct BOACH, 13000
climb via the BOACH
FOUR DEPARTURE”



When cleared to a
waypoint/fix without a
published altitude

“Proceed direct HITME,
cross HITME at or
above one zero
thousand, climb via HITME

the BOACH FOUR (No altitude
published)
DEPARTURE”



ATC IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OBSTRUCTION
CLEARANCE UNTIL THE AIRCRAFT IS INITIALLY
ESTABLISHED OR RE-ESTABLISHED ON THE
PROCEDURE, BOTH LATERALLY AND
VERTICALLY


Speed Control
Speed Adjustment Development
The Air Traffic Organization (ATO) identified a need for standardized
phraseology to address speed restrictions/adjustments in
SIDs/STARS/RNAV and SIDs/RNAV STARs

Solutions:
 Add speed restrictions to “descend via” and “climb via”

 Restrict application and redefine “resume normal speed”

 Add “resume published speed” definition and application

 Add “delete speed restrictions” and “comply with restrictions”


Speed Control

Speed Termination / Published Speed
Restrictions

Current phraseology has proven inadequate for speed
restriction / adjustment / termination. “Resume Normal
Speed” has caused confusion for both pilots and
controllers as it is applied to procedures with published
speed restrictions.


Speed Adjustment Phraseology Changes
OLD
“RESUME NORMAL SPEED” – Used by ATC to advise a
pilot that previously issued speed control restrictions are deleted.
An instruction to resume normal speed does not delete speed
restrictions that are applicable to published procedures of
upcoming segments of flight, unless specifically stated by ATC.
This does not relieve the pilot of those speed restrictions which
are applicable to 14 CFR Section 91.117.

NEW
“RESUME NORMAL SPEED” – Should only be used to
terminate ATC assigned speeds in instances where an aircraft is
flying a procedure or route without published speed restrictions.
This does not relieve the pilot of those speed restrictions which
are applicable to 14 CFR Section 91.117.


Speed Adjustment Phraseology Changes
“COMPLY WITH RESTRICTIONS” – Used by ATC to
instruct a pilot to comply with restrictions applicable to the charted
Note: Speed restrictions may be
procedure or route being flown or when joining or resuming a
published to meet procedure
procedure or route with published speed and altitude restrictions.

development criteria. When deleting
“RESUME PUBLISHED SPEED” – Used by ATC to advise
published restrictions, ATC is
a pilot to resume published speed when aircraft are cleared to
responsible for obstacle clearance
climb or descend via a charted instrument flight procedure that
contains published speed restrictions. It is issued to terminate a
and airspace containment until
previously issued speed adjustment where speed restrictions are
published on a charted procedure.
aircraft are established on a route
where no published restrictions
“DELETE SPEED RESTRICTIONS” – Used by ATC to
apply.
advise a pilot when published speed restrictions on a charted
instrument flight procedure are no longer required.


Speed Termination
Published Speed Restrictions
Speed termination/restriction phraseology:
 Instruct pilot to comply with restrictions when navigating on
a SID/RNAV SID, STAR/RNAV STAR that contains
published restrictions (does not authorize pilot discretion
climb/descent):

“Resume the DAWGS FIVE DEPARTURE,
comply with restrictions”
 When no published speed restrictions to a charted route or
procedure are affected:

“Resume normal speed”


Speed Termination
Published Speed Restrictions
Speed termination/restriction phraseology

 Instruct pilot to comply with speed restrictions applicable to
the charted route or procedure:

“Resume published speed”

 Advise pilot when published speed restrictions on a charted
procedure are no longer required:

“Delete speed restrictions”


Speed Restriction Phraseology - Examples
Comply with published restrictions with exceptions:
CLIMB/DESCEND VIA (SID/RNAV SID/STAR/RNAV STAR), EXCEPT
AFTER (waypoint name) MAINTAIN (assigned speed/altitude)

“Descend via
“Climb via the
the KEPEC
DAWGS Four
TWO ARRIVAL,
departure NIPZO
except after ZALLE
9000 210K
NIPZO maintain
maintain two Maintain
one eight knots
four zero zero 250 KIAS
until ZALLE
knots”
until ZALLE”


Rejoining at fix/waypoint without a published altitude restriction:
CROSS (fix/waypoint) AT (altitude/speed), THEN CLIMB/ DESCEND VIA
(SID/RNAV SID/STAR/RNAV STAR)

“Cross LEETZ
LEETZ
at one-three
No speed or
thousand at altitude is
two three zero published

knots, then
climb via the
LEETZ TWO
DEPARTURE”


Speed adjustments for procedures with published speed
restrictions: MAINTAIN (speed) until (fix/waypoint), THEN CLIMB/DESCEND VIA
(SID/RNAV SID/STAR/RNAV STAR)

When deleting HUCKK
“Climb via the
“Maintain
“Maintain two
published restrictions,
LEETZ TWO 12000 230KIAS
three zero
ATC is responsible for
maximum
Speed restrictions
DEPARTURE, ZELMA
obstaclespeed
may be published and
knots clearance to
delete until
forward speed
airspace containment FL240
LEETZ, then
until ZELMA,
restrictions”
meet procedure
until aircraft are
climbresume
then via the LEETZ
development criteria
established on a route
LEETZ TWO
published No Speed
where no published Restriction
DEPARTURE”.
speed.” Published
restrictions apply.


Canadian/ICAO Procedural
Differences
Controllers should be alert to possible flight crew
misunderstanding with international air crews.
(PANS (U.S.)6.5.2.4)
ATM 6.3.2.4)
When an arriving aircraft onon STAR is cleared to descenda
When a departing aircraft a a altitude without specifying to
ATC issues an amended SID climb to
a level lower than the level or the level(s) specified level(s)
thelevel higher than the initially cleared level or or changes
point at which restriction begins, ends, the in a
STAR, the aircraft shall (i.e., usingpublished “except”),
thespecified restrictions follow theshall follow vertical profile of
charted in a SID, the aircraft the word the published
a STAR,canceling altitude restrictionsexplicitly cancelled by
thereby profile ofsuch restrictions are restrictions in the
vertical unless a SID, unless such contained are explicitly
ATC. Publishedpossibility exists that international clearance
SID/STAR, the minimum levels based on terrain air crews
cancelled by ATC.
shall comply with intermediate published restrictions,
may always be applied.
including leveling off during a climb or descent.


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