Presentation on the extent to what operations in cyberspace potentially influence people's perception, attitude, or behaviour.

1. Cyber and Influence
Computer Network Operations (CNO)
affecting people‘s perception, attitude, or
behaviour
(C) 2010-11 by LTC U.M. Janßen, NSO/ISTAR

2. Cyber Space
Cyber War
Cyber Terrorism
Cyber Security
Cyber Law
Cyber – Hype???

3. Cyber Space
• the electronic medium of computer networks, in which
online communication takes place.
• the dynamic realization of electromagnetic energy
through the application of communication and control
technology.
• a global domain that allows an interdependent network
of information technology infrastructures (ITI),
telecommunications networks, computer processing
systems, integrated sensors, system control networks,
embedded processors and controllers common to
global control and communications across the electro-
magnetic environment.
• a social experience, individuals can interact, exchange
ideas, share information, provide social support,
conduct business, direct actions, create artistic media,
play games, engage in political discussion, and so on …
(Wikipedia)

4. Understanding the Environment
1.97 Billion Users – more than 1/3 of global pop
Internet Continues to Develop
Content (Web Pages, Email etc) • Social Networking – Facebook, Myspace,
Applets & Objects (Java Code, Images etc) Bebo, LinkedIn etc
Plugins (Java, Active X, Flash, Viewers) • New Media - uTube, Blogs, Twitter, Wiki
Application (Explorer, Word, Excel) • Real Worlds – Google Streetview/Earth
Operating System (Windows, MacOS)
• Virtual Worlds – 2nd Life, WoWarcraft
Firmware (Microcode, BIOS)
• Communications – Skype, Bittorrent
Hardware (PC, Laptop, Server)
• Mobile Devices – Blackberry, iPhone
Impact on almost every facet of modern life – with growing in importance!

5. Actors
Cyber War
Agencies/Commands Law Enforcement
Industry
Agencies
Hacker Community Intelligence
Criminals (Individuals / Groups) Research
Agencies
Terrorists Labs

6. Cyber Threat Threat is a
function of intent
(will) to act,
High understanding of
the situation, and
capabilities to
Governmental
enforce will.
2010
Critical
Possible
Infrastructure 2005
Damage
Terrorists
2000
Industrial
Espionage
Criminals Insider
Low
Low Probability of an event High

7. Current threats - TTP
• Caused by increased access
• Disclosure of information
• Corruption of information
• Denial of service
• Theft of resources
• Loss of credit or reputation
• Cyber Crime
• Spam
• Bulletproof Hosting
• Malware
• …?

8. Increased access
Social Engineering
War Driving
Tapping Fibre Optical Cable
Scanning and Sniffing

9. Disclosure of information
Keylogging
Printer - Copying
Spying
„Liechtensteining“

10. Denial of Service
DDoS
Bounce Mail
Buffer Overflow
Cable separation

11. Denial of Service
Sabotage

12. Theft of resources
Hardware Theft
Software & Media Theft
Vietnam Cable Theft

13. Loss of Credit or Reputation
Example:
Maximilian

14. Cyber Crime
Spectrum of Options
Phishing Malware
DoS/
SPAM DDoS
Child
Games
Porn

15. SPAM
SPAM-Mail without content

16. Manipulated Security Software

17. Cyber & Social Media
• Social activity vs. Cyber Ops / CNO
– Observe, monitor
– Act
– Attribution
• Cyber mobbing / bullying
– Use connectivity to blame your colleague /
boss … a government
– Submit exposing photos, videos
– Promulgate private information
– Isolate … “De-friend”

18. Cyber & Military
• Ops affecting INFOSEC
– Availability, confidentiality, integrity of information
• IKM
– Information gathering, processing, managing,
sharing
• NNEC
– Information sharing, exchanging
– Data links, sensors, effectors
– COP
– Enabling rather than Cyber Ops weapon system

19. NATO & Cyber Ops
• Policy & Doctrine
– Neither NATO Policy or Doctrine on CNO, nor allied “body”
to deal with the issue
– CNO = CNE x CND x CAN
– COMSEC, INFOSEC, X-SEC
– Cyber Crime … Law Enforcement Task / legal concerns
• Common Defence
– NCIRC
– CCOE for Cyber Defence
– Protection of EEFI and critical infrastructures
• Capability Development
– Some nations have… national caveats
– Undesired effects, BDA, loosing control
– Cyber INTEL needed!

20. Summary
CNO affecting people’s perception,
attitude, or behaviour
f
• Perception of the threat = (W, U, C)
• Attitude to be connected
• Continue to use cyber
• Virtual Battlefield in Cyber War
• Cyber Attack against Estonia
• Cyber Activities in RUS ./. GEO Conflict 2008
• Conclusion

21. Cyber and Influence
Computer Network Operations (CNO)
affecting people‘s perception, attitude, or
behaviour
(C) 2010-11 by LTC U.M. Janßen, NSO/ISTAR