Keynote presentation at Ohio Textbook Affordability Summit on September 27, 2013.

1. Why Openness Matters?
Expand Access • Reduce Costs • Improve Quality
Una Daly
Ohio Textbook Affordability Summit
September 27, 2013
1Except where otherwise noted these materials
are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY)

2. Welcome
Una Daly
Community College Outreach Director
OpenCourseWare Consortium

3. Agenda
• Barriers to Education
• Open Textbook Solution
• How Openness Enables Sharing …
• Business Case for Open Textbooks
• Open Licensing
• Case Studies and Impact
• OER Impact
• Steps to Adopt Open Textbooks

4. Education as Human Right
“ Education is both a human right and a vital means of
promoting peace and respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms … to realize this potential,
education must be made universally available and
equally accessible to all “
World Education Report 2000, “The right to education: Towards education for all
throughout life”. http://www.unesco.org/education/information/wer/PDFeng/wholewer.PDF

5. Tuition and Fees
• Undergraduate costs rose 42 percent
at public institutions 2001-2011
https://www.ohiohighered.org
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?
id=76

6. Student Debt
• Federal Student Loan Debt
– 1-Trillion Dollars
• Avg. loan upon graduation
– $25,000+
Source: Chronicle of Higher Ed, Forbes Magazine, Aug 2013
http://www.forbes.com/sites/specialfeatu
res/2013/08/07/how-the-college-debt-is-
crippling-students-parents-and-the-
economy/
Image: Student Loan,
Wikipedia

7. Textbook Prices
• Increased 812 percent since 1978
• 3 to 4 times inflation rate
• Average student spends
$1168 annually on supplies
Source: Consumer Price Index, College Board. Student PIRGs

8. There is a direct relationship between
textbook costs and student success

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


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60%+ do not purchase textbooks
at some point due to cost
35% take fewer courses due
to textbook cost
31% choose not to register for
a course due to textbook cost
23% regularly go without
textbooks due to cost
14% have dropped a
course due to textbook cost
10% have withdrawn from a
course due to textbook cost
Source: 2012 student survey
by Florida Virtual Campus
www.projectkaleidoscope.org

9. Solution: Open Textbooks
• Online access to textbook on first
day of class.
• Free online, low-
cost print option
• Faculty can adapt for students
Licensed for re-use by
OpenSourceWay

10. Education is about Sharing
• Faculty share knowledge
with students
• Students share their understanding
• Faculty share with colleagues
Source: David Wiley, Why be Open, slideshare 2012

11. What are Open Educational
Resources?
U.S. Dept. of Education
– Teaching, learning, and research
resources that reside in the public
domain or have been released under an
intellectual property license that permits
their free use or repurposing by others.
cc-by donkyhotey/flickr

12. Examples
Includes –
• Course materials
• Lesson Plans
• Modules or lessons
• OpenCourseWare (OCW)
• Open textbooks
• Videos
• Images
• Tests
• Software
• Any other tools, materials, or techniques used
to support ready access to knowledge
adapted from Judy Baker’s ELI 2011 OER Workshop cc-by license

13. Business Case for Open
• Open textbooks are
born digital …
• Digital enables editing
– Add/Remove chapters
– Adjust reading level
• Copying and distribution are “free”
online.
Image: Some Rights Reserved
MrKCoolsPhotostream

14. What is an Open License?
• Free: Free to access online, free to print
• Open: Shared, usable and re-usable
• Creative Commons: less restrictions than standard
copyright but author retains full rights.

15. Creative Commons Licenses
Simple, standardized way to grant copyright
permissions
Adapted from Ronda Neugebauer Slidesshare
Permission: Attribute Commercial? Share alike?
http://creativecommons.org

16. 16

17. CC licenses are unique because they
are expressed in three ways.
Slide adapted from Paul Stacey slideshare

18. Search & Discoverability
Slide adapted from Cable Green slideshare

19. http://oeraccess.merlot.org/
Translations & Accessibility
Slide adapted from Cable Green slideshare

20. Customization & Affordability
Slide adapted from Cable Green slideshare

21. Cost Savings
Publisher: Wiley & Sons Publisher : Connexions
$171.25 Amazon
Digital Access - $0
Softbound: $26.20

22. Who creates open textbooks?
• Private Foundations
• Grant funded projects
• Educational institutions
• Faculty and other experts
Source: lumen learning slideshare
$100 million
from private
foundations
in the last
decade.

23. OpenStax College
Ultimate Goal – Professional-grade books for top 20+ courses.
All books licensed
Spring 2012 Spring 2012 Spring 2013 Spring 2013 Fall 2013
Adapted from David Harrison CCCOER webinar cc-by
23

24. Large scale
Open Textbook Projects
• U.S. Department of Labor
• Open Course Library
• BCcampus Open Textbooks
• California Open Textbooks
• South Africa Siyavula
• NGLC Kaleidoscope
CC-BY-NC-SA by
Cascade Hiker

25. $2 billion over four years
Materials licensed with CC-BY
TAACCCCT Grants
Source: Cable Green, Creative Commons, 2013

26. http://www.nationalstem.org
Ohio TAACCCCT Projects

27. Peer reviewed, 81 highest-enrolled lower
division courses. You can download and use
for teaching. All content is stored in Google
docs making it easy to access, browse and
download.
Washington State Board Community & Technical Colleges s
Open Course Library

28. English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $9.6+ Million every year
Source: Cable Green, Washington SBCTC, 2011

29. British Columbia
• Find & develop 40 open textbooks for
highest-enrolled college courses.
• Peer-reviews by BC faculty
• Competitive bid for customization of
open textbooks.
• $1 million pledged by BC Higher
Education Ministry
http://open.bccampus.ca/forums/topic/list-of-textbooks-with-reviews/

30. California Legislation & Policy
• 50 Open Textbooks for highest-
enrolled college courses
• California State University’s
Affordable Learning Solutions
• California Community College
System requires CC-BY license
• University of California Open
Access Research Policy
50

31. South Africa’s Siyavula
“we are opening”
• Free High School Science Textbooks
• Department of education adopted for all
10, 11, 12th grades in 2010

32. NGLC Kaleidoscope Project
• Create and adopt course designs for
high-enrollment courses collaboratively
across multiple institutions
• Use best of existing OER
• First round:
– 6 two-year and 2 four-year colleges.

33. Student ratings of quality of open texts
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Better quality
Same quality
Worse quality
Number of Students
• “It was very concise and aligned with exactly what we were
working on in the class.”
• “Having the textbook catered to us by our teacher was
perfect.”
3%
56%
41%
Source: Bliss, Hilton, Wiley, Thanos (2012)

34. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Historical Success Kaleidoscope
www.projectkaleidoscope.org
Student Success C or Better

35. Open Textbook Research
2010
• Enhanced students interactions with
materials and peers
• Increased faculty collaboration
leading to improved practices
Open Learning Journal, 2011
http://bit.ly/14aGKiP

36. OER Research Hub
2013-2014
• Use of OER leads to critical reflection with
evidence of improvement in practice.
• Participation in OER pilots leads to policy change
at institutional level.
• Open education models lead to more equitable
access to education
• OER adoption at institutional level leads to
financial benefits for students and/or institutions

37. Open Textbook Adoption
1. Find and Select Open Textbooks
Peer Review
2. Adoption Process
Support for customization
3. Feedback and Research
Students, faculty, and staff
4. Revisions
Sustainability & Support
San Miguel stairs
creative commons
licensed by larry&flo
2007

38. Discover Open Textbooks
Repositories & Listing Sites
How to Adopt an Open Textbook

39. Collaboration Needed
• Involve all campus stakeholders
– Faculty
– Campus advocates
– Students
– Researchers
– Publishers
– College Bookstores
– Authors
– Librarians
– Professional organizations for educators
Image cc-by Sujin Jetkasettakorn/ FreeDigitalPhotos.net

40. • Promote open practices
and policies
• Help faculty adopt OER
• Get student input
• Openly license your own work
• Join the open education community
Open Textbook Sustainability

41. • Find & Adopt open textbook workshops
• Understanding open licenses
• Open textbook development workflow
• Online accessibility
• Faculty and student surveys
• Access to community of
OER practitioners & experts
Need Help Getting Started?
We can help …

42. Thank you!
Contact Information
Una Daly unatdaly@ocwconsortium.org

43. Share
http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4424154829/in/photostream/
IMG_4591 http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionicteaching/4700979984/ cc-by-sa
La belle tzigane http://www.flickr.com/photos/joyoflife/21063837 cc-by-sa
Asian Library Interior 5 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ubclibrary/453351638/ cc-by-nc-sa
Petru http://www.flickr.com/photos/joyoflife/23724427/ cc-by-nc-sa
Opensourceways http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4371000710/ cc-by-sa
Photo credits: