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Exercise affects body composition in postmenopausal women.   Reporter: Wang-Chen, Lin Adviser: Linda, Lin Poehlman (2002). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 81(7) 603-11 Asikainen et al (2004). Sports Med. 34(11) 753-778 Shore et al (2007). Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 18 609-21 Maria & Fiatarone (2000). Exercise, Nutrition, and the Older Woman.
Backgrounds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Climacteric ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Postmenopausal vs. premenopausal woman ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Menopause affects body composition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Longitudinal study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Poehiman et al., 1995)
Obesity in postmenopausal women   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Risk of menopause   women ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The vicious circle of frailty (Shore et al., 2007)
Treatment for postmenopausal   women ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Maria & Fiatarone, 2000)
Exercise for health for postmenopausal woman ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
(Asikainen et al., 2004) Walking Aerobic EX Resistance training
Walking 121 females Age: 48-63 yrs BMI< 32 kg/m 2 Treadmill test protocol  BMI, Body mass, fat%, EX-HR, Energy expenditure W1 55% VO 2max 1500kcal W2 45% VO 2max 1000kcal W3 55% VO 2max 1000kcal W4 55% VO 2max 1500kcal 5 day/wk for 24 weeks (Min:15-20weeks) (Asikainen et al., 2004)
24 wks of walking at moderate intensity  improves VO 2max  & body composition  in slightly overweight sedentary women.
Walking trails (Asikainen et al., 2004) Body mass:  + 0.9 kg VO 2max :  + 2.1 ml/kg/min BMD:  + 0.2 20min, self-selected brisk pace 1 year 84 (64y) Brooke (1997) Weight:  -1.2kg Fat%:  -2.1% VO 2max :  +2.5 ml/kg/min 30-60min, 65% VO 2max  (300kcal) 15wks 134 (57y) Asikainen (2002) Weight:  -0.6 kg Fat%:  -4.2% VO 2max :  +14% 60min,  60%VO 2max 3~5 d/wk 24wks 79 (61y) Ready (1996) Body mass: NS Fat%: NS HR  -7%   45min,  40-60% VO 2max 3~5 d/wk 26wks 80 (64y) Hamdorf (1992) Outcomes Training prescription Duration Subject
Benefits of walking exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Asikainen et al., 2004)
Aerobic exercise 33 females Age: 50-70 yrs BMI: 32 kg/m 2 Treadmill test protocol  BMI, WHR, fat%, Fat mass, fat free mass, adipose tissue  Weight loss  (WL) Weight loss + Aerobic EX (WL+AEX) WL Restrict 250-350 kcal/d 24hr dietary records AEX (3 times/wk) Treadmill, cycle ergometer, a track 45 min 50-60% HRR  gradually progressed 6 months  (Ryan et al., 2006)
Results (Ryan et al., 2006)
Results (Ryan et al., 2006)
(Ryan et al., 2006) 6 months of WL+AEX in obese postmenopausal women  can improve glucose utilization & insulin sensitivity
Aerobic exercise trails (Asikainen et al., 2004) 60min, high-impact, 3 d/wk High-impact,  4 d/wk 45~60min,  50~60% VO 2max ,  3~4 d/wk 40min,  48-64% VO 2max ,  3~ 5 d/wk 50min,  low impact,  3 d/wk Training prescription Fat%: NS BMD: + 1.2% Circuit  dance 1 year 80 Sipila (2002) BMC: +1.3~3.5% Jumping Stretching  1 year 164 (53y) Uusi (2003) Weight: -6% Fat%: -10% VO 2max : NS Jogging Cycling swimming 12wks 32 (54y) Shinkai (1994) VO 2max : +1.5-2.3 ml/kg/min Fat%: NS Jogging Cycling treadmill 1 year 160 (57y) King (1991) Weight: NS Fat%: -0.9% Fitness: + 17% Aerobic dance & stretching 12wks 65 (65y) Hoplcins (1990) Outcomes EX-Type Duration Subject
Benefits of aerobic exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Asikainen et al., 2004)
Resistance training 40 females Age: 50-70 yrs BMI < 25 kg/m 2 BMI, skinfold thickness, muscle mass, fat mass Control  Exercise Continue  usual life 2d/wk at high intensity training  80% of 1RM  (hip, knee, lateral pull-down) 16 on Borg scale (back extension, abdominal flexion) 3 sets of 8 repetitions  52 wk with 2wk off (1 yr) (Nelson et al., 1996)
Results (Nelson et al., 1996)
(Nelson et al., 1996) 1 year of resistance training can change body  composition & improve leg muscle mass in older woman
Resistance training trails (Asikainen et al., 2004) BMD hip: +1.2% Lumbar: NS Forearm: NS 9 ex, 8 rep, 3 sets, 3 d/wk Progressive & cycling  2 years 126 (60y) Kerr (2001) BMD lumbar: +0.9% Femoral: +1% 5 ex, 80% 1 RM, 8 rep,  3 sets, 2 d/wk 40 (60y) Nelson (1996) BMD: NS Strength: +72% Back  (sandbag) Progressive 30% 1 RM,  10 rep, 5 d/ wk 2 years 68 (56 y) Sinaki (1994) BMD: + 1.3% 8 ex, 70~80% 1RM, 6~8 rep, 2 sets,3 d/wk 1 year 94 (55y) Cussler (2003) Weight: NS Fat%: NS Strength: + 20~40% 12 ex, 80% 1 RM, 8 rep or 40% 1 RM, 16 rep 3 sets, 3 d/wk 24 wks 35 (51y) Bemben (2000) Outcomes Training prescription Duration Subject
Benefits of resistance training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Asikainen et al., 2004)
Exercise prescriptions  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Asikainen et al., 2004)
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(Maria & Fiatarone, 2000)
Thank You!

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Exercise affects body composition

  • 1. Exercise affects body composition in postmenopausal women. Reporter: Wang-Chen, Lin Adviser: Linda, Lin Poehlman (2002). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 81(7) 603-11 Asikainen et al (2004). Sports Med. 34(11) 753-778 Shore et al (2007). Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 18 609-21 Maria & Fiatarone (2000). Exercise, Nutrition, and the Older Woman.
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  • 9. The vicious circle of frailty (Shore et al., 2007)
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  • 12. (Asikainen et al., 2004) Walking Aerobic EX Resistance training
  • 13. Walking 121 females Age: 48-63 yrs BMI< 32 kg/m 2 Treadmill test protocol BMI, Body mass, fat%, EX-HR, Energy expenditure W1 55% VO 2max 1500kcal W2 45% VO 2max 1000kcal W3 55% VO 2max 1000kcal W4 55% VO 2max 1500kcal 5 day/wk for 24 weeks (Min:15-20weeks) (Asikainen et al., 2004)
  • 14. 24 wks of walking at moderate intensity improves VO 2max & body composition in slightly overweight sedentary women.
  • 15. Walking trails (Asikainen et al., 2004) Body mass: + 0.9 kg VO 2max : + 2.1 ml/kg/min BMD: + 0.2 20min, self-selected brisk pace 1 year 84 (64y) Brooke (1997) Weight: -1.2kg Fat%: -2.1% VO 2max : +2.5 ml/kg/min 30-60min, 65% VO 2max (300kcal) 15wks 134 (57y) Asikainen (2002) Weight: -0.6 kg Fat%: -4.2% VO 2max : +14% 60min, 60%VO 2max 3~5 d/wk 24wks 79 (61y) Ready (1996) Body mass: NS Fat%: NS HR -7% 45min, 40-60% VO 2max 3~5 d/wk 26wks 80 (64y) Hamdorf (1992) Outcomes Training prescription Duration Subject
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  • 17. Aerobic exercise 33 females Age: 50-70 yrs BMI: 32 kg/m 2 Treadmill test protocol BMI, WHR, fat%, Fat mass, fat free mass, adipose tissue Weight loss (WL) Weight loss + Aerobic EX (WL+AEX) WL Restrict 250-350 kcal/d 24hr dietary records AEX (3 times/wk) Treadmill, cycle ergometer, a track 45 min 50-60% HRR gradually progressed 6 months (Ryan et al., 2006)
  • 18. Results (Ryan et al., 2006)
  • 19. Results (Ryan et al., 2006)
  • 20. (Ryan et al., 2006) 6 months of WL+AEX in obese postmenopausal women can improve glucose utilization & insulin sensitivity
  • 21. Aerobic exercise trails (Asikainen et al., 2004) 60min, high-impact, 3 d/wk High-impact, 4 d/wk 45~60min, 50~60% VO 2max , 3~4 d/wk 40min, 48-64% VO 2max , 3~ 5 d/wk 50min, low impact, 3 d/wk Training prescription Fat%: NS BMD: + 1.2% Circuit dance 1 year 80 Sipila (2002) BMC: +1.3~3.5% Jumping Stretching 1 year 164 (53y) Uusi (2003) Weight: -6% Fat%: -10% VO 2max : NS Jogging Cycling swimming 12wks 32 (54y) Shinkai (1994) VO 2max : +1.5-2.3 ml/kg/min Fat%: NS Jogging Cycling treadmill 1 year 160 (57y) King (1991) Weight: NS Fat%: -0.9% Fitness: + 17% Aerobic dance & stretching 12wks 65 (65y) Hoplcins (1990) Outcomes EX-Type Duration Subject
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  • 23. Resistance training 40 females Age: 50-70 yrs BMI < 25 kg/m 2 BMI, skinfold thickness, muscle mass, fat mass Control Exercise Continue usual life 2d/wk at high intensity training 80% of 1RM (hip, knee, lateral pull-down) 16 on Borg scale (back extension, abdominal flexion) 3 sets of 8 repetitions 52 wk with 2wk off (1 yr) (Nelson et al., 1996)
  • 24. Results (Nelson et al., 1996)
  • 25. (Nelson et al., 1996) 1 year of resistance training can change body composition & improve leg muscle mass in older woman
  • 26. Resistance training trails (Asikainen et al., 2004) BMD hip: +1.2% Lumbar: NS Forearm: NS 9 ex, 8 rep, 3 sets, 3 d/wk Progressive & cycling 2 years 126 (60y) Kerr (2001) BMD lumbar: +0.9% Femoral: +1% 5 ex, 80% 1 RM, 8 rep, 3 sets, 2 d/wk 40 (60y) Nelson (1996) BMD: NS Strength: +72% Back (sandbag) Progressive 30% 1 RM, 10 rep, 5 d/ wk 2 years 68 (56 y) Sinaki (1994) BMD: + 1.3% 8 ex, 70~80% 1RM, 6~8 rep, 2 sets,3 d/wk 1 year 94 (55y) Cussler (2003) Weight: NS Fat%: NS Strength: + 20~40% 12 ex, 80% 1 RM, 8 rep or 40% 1 RM, 16 rep 3 sets, 3 d/wk 24 wks 35 (51y) Bemben (2000) Outcomes Training prescription Duration Subject
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