1. A
PREENTATION
on
Embedded System
BY:-
VISHWAS JANGRA
5909407
ECE(7TH SEM)

2. EMBEX Profile
Training
Embedded Training
VLSI Training
PLC & SCADA
Training
Project Training
Industrial Training
Products
Training Kits
Project
Boards
Development
Kits
Consumer
Products
Services
Circuit Design
PCB Design
Firmware
Development
Embedded
Testing

3. Embedded system
An embedded system is a computer system
designed for specific task .It is a combination of
hardware and software

4. Why a microcontroller ?
A microcontroller is a single silicon chip with
memory and all Input/Output peripherals on it.
Hence a microcontroller is also popularly
known as a single chip computer.

5. Difference between MicroProcessor
and MicroController

6. Features of microcontroller
Normally, a single microcomputer has the following features :
Arithmetic and logic unit
Memory for storing program
EEPROM for nonvolatile data storage
RAM for storing variables and special function registers
Input/output ports .
Timers and counters
Analog to digital converter Circuits for reset, power up,
serial programming, debugging Instruction decoder and a
timing and control unit Serial communication port
Expanded interrupt handling capabilities

7. PIN diagram Of 8051

8. Software
Various software used during our training are :-
Keil 3
Proteus
Flash magic
AVR Studio
Keil 4
Orcad

9. KEIL
U.S. company
Keil is first C compiler designed for the 8051.
Convert a High Level Language to object code.
A cross compiler is similar to the compilers but we
write a program for the target processor on the host
processor.
Keil is a German based Software development
company. It provides several development tools like
• IDE (Integrated Development environment)
• Project Manager
• Simulator
• Debugger
• C Cross Compiler , Cross Assembler, Locator/Linker

10. Proteus
Basically a simulation software
Used to check the feasibility of the hardware and software.
In Proteus we design the hardware as per our
requirement and use the software for simulation to obtain
the desired result.
If the simulation doesn't works then we check for
various options which should be used for running the project
properly.

11. Flashmagic
Flash magic is used to burn the program in the
microcontroller using communication kit.
we use the serial cable to burn the program in
microcontroller by setting up specified baud rate.
Baud rate stands for number of bits transferred by
serial cable per second . This serial cable is connected
to controller through a DB9 Connecter.

12. OrCAD
OrCAD is a suite of tools from Cadence for the design
and layout of printed circuit boards (PCBs). We are
currently using version 9.2 of the OrCAD suite.
OrCAD consists of two tools.
1) Capture is used for design entry in schematic form.
2) Layout is a tool for designing the physical layout of
components and circuits on a PCB.

13. Burner circuit of 8051

14. Interfacings
Various interfacing done during our training
1) LED Interfacing
2) LCD Interfacing
3) Seven segment Interfacing
4) LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
5) MOC(Motorola Opto Coupler)
6) TSOP(Thin Small Outline Package)
7) Relay Interfacing
8) Buzzer interfacing

15. 9) DC MOTOR
10) STEPPER MOTOR
11) GRAPHICAL LCD
12) EEPROM
13) ADC(0804)

16. Led Interfacing

17. MY PROJECT ON EMBEDDED
line follower robot

18. ROBOTICS
A Robot is a mechanical
device which performs
automated physical tasks,
either according to direct
human supervision, a pre-
defined program, or a set of
general guidelines using
artificial intelligence
techniques.

19. Introduction:
It is a robot which traces or follows a specific path .The principle
of the line follower is based on sensing the background surface by
making use of IR sensor.
Basically IR sensor takes input by detecting the reflection
of the IR rays from the surface and accordingly gives its output to
the motors. The output of the sensors are not directly fed to the
motors instead a L293D IC is used in between the sensors output
and motors input.

20. COMPONENTS OF LINE FOLLOWER
8051 MICROCONTROLLER(P89V51RD2BN)
IR Sensor
IC LM 324 (Comparator)
IC L293D (Motor Driver)
IC 7805 (Voltage regulator)
1 Kohm resistor
10 kohm resister
220 ohm resister
Variable resistor
Battery(6v)

21. LED
2 dc gear motors
Wheels
Caster wheel
PCB
Chasis
Connecting wires

22. IR Sensors:
Sensors are basically electronic devices
which are used to sense the IR changes that occur in their
surroundings. The change may be in color, temperature,
moisture, sound, heat etc. They sense the change and work
accordingly. In IR sensor there is emitter and detector.
Emitter emits the IR rays and detector detects it.

23. LM324
LM324 is a 14pin IC
Four independent op-amps compensated
in a single package.
Compare difference between input terminals.
Operated by a single power supply.
They can be used as amplifiers,
comparators etc.

24. MOTOR DRIVER IC (L293D)
L293D is a 16 pin IC
It is a dual H-bridge motor driver IC.
One H-bridge is capable to drive a dc motor
in bidirection.
L293D IC is a current enhancing IC as the
output from the sensor is not able to drive
motors itself so L293D is used for this
purpose. having two enables pins which
should always be remain high to enable both
the H-bridges.

25. Intrfacing of DC motor

26. #INCLUDE<REG51.H>
SBIT M1=P2^0;
SBIT M2=P2^1;
SBIT M3=P2^2;
SBIT M4=P2^3;
VOID DELAY(INT TIME)
{
INT I,J;
FOR(I=0;I<=TIME;I++)
FOR(J=0;J<=1275;J++);
}
VOID MAIN()
{
WHILE(1)
{
M1=1;M2=0;M3=0;M4=1; // CLOCKWISE
DELAY(100);
M1=0;M2=1;M3=1;M4=0; // ANTICLOCKWISE
DELAY(100);
}}
Program for DC motor

27. IR Transmitter-Receiver circuit
using comparator IC 324

28. Working-
Block diagram of working of line follower

29. Design on proteus

30. C-code for line follower
#include<reg51.h>
sbit in1=P0^0; // Left Motor
sbit in2=P0^1;
sbit in3=P0^3; // Right Motor
sbit in4=P0^4;
sbit en1=P0^2; // Enable for Left Motor
sbit en2=P0^5; // Enable for Right Motor
sbit t1=P1^0; // Left Sensor
sbit t2=P1^1; // Centre Sensor
sbit t3=P1^2; // Right Sensor
void main()
{
t1=1;
t2=1;
t3=1;
en1=0;
en2=0;
if(t1==1 && t2==0 && t3==1)
{
en1=1; // Left Motor
in1=0;
in2=1;

31. en2=1; // Right Motor
in3=0;
in4=1;
}
if(t1==0)
{
en1=0; // Left Motor
in1=0;
in2=1;
en2=1; // Right Motor
in3=0;
in4=1;
}
if(t3==0)
{
en1=1; // Left Motor
in1=0;
in2=1;
en2=0; // Right Motor
in3=0;
in4=1;
}
}

32. 1) Being on a line…
The simplest case is when both sensors
are above a guideline and a robot
follows it going straight on. Being on line
WORKING

33. 2) Loosing a line…
Approaching a curve, a right sensor
looses contact with a line. The robot
unclutches its left engine, thereby it
begins to turn left to return to the line.
Loosing a line

34. Future scope in
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Due to their compact size, low cost and simple design
aspects embedded systems are very popular into
human lives and have become indispensable. They
are found everywhere from kitchen ware to space
craft.

36. REFERENCES
http://www.ingeniouslabz.com/e.bmp
http://www.cadence.com/products/orcad/pages/default.aspx
http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/
digital-clock-AT89C51-circuit
http:/electrofriends.com/articles/electronics/microcontroller-
electronics-articles/8051- 8951/interfacing-7segment- display-
using 7447-decoder/