Ccawv 2011 a
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Presentation done for the County Commissioners Association Meeting by Melissa Scott on Aug 7, 2011 Outlines basics of GIS and provides information about GIS use in County Government
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Ccawv 2011 a
- 1. The Power of GIS in GovernmentPast, Present, Future Melissa Scott Greenbrier County GIS Coordinator CCAWV Aug. 07, 2011
- 2. Geographic Information Systems What is GIS & how exactly does it work GIS in WV (history and available resources) How GIS is being used by County Depts How GIS could be used by County Commission Organization of GIS at the County Level
- 3. Geographic Information Systems Digital Mapping of “place” Features Linking Information to that “place” which Makes the Maps Intelligent and Searchable (Google map is GIS) Can be Searched by Location or by Information (For example find a property location on the map to see owner or search owner to find location on the map) Since pretty much everything in local government has a locational component ,GIS has become a crucial part of government processes
- 4. Mapping with GIS You can “map” any object (feature) that can be represented using Points Lines Areas Each feature type is created on a separate layer Layers can be Overlaid, this is the core of GIS Points Lines Areas Imagery
- 5. Layers Layers are separate files of information that are overlaid to create the “whole picture” while still filing information separately It’s like the old light table concept Roads Parcels Utilities Land Use Zoning and Environmental Considerations
- 6. Biggest Benefit of Map Layers + Databases is “Intelligent Maps” Databases linked to each map layer gives the information intelligence
- 7. Intelligent Layers Can Communicate Query data on one layer to see how it relates to other layers This creates NEW data… and provides answers to problems
- 8. Local Maps versus Google Maps GIS and Google Maps Use Same Technology Google Maps are National Level Data With County GIS Data is Collected, Updated, and Managed at the Local Level for Better Accuracy and Analysis Opportunities Accurate local level data can only be managed and updated by local agencies who know what is actually on the ground
- 9. Local GIS Map Google Map Focus is Navigation – Prepared for General Pop. Road Names Business Locations Land Features Focus is Local Gov. – Prepared for Local Pop. Zoning Property Boundaries Building permit Locations
- 10. So, how do you get the data “in there”? The data you get out of a GIS system is only as good as the data you put into it Important to have experienced & informed staff to prevent money/time loss Key word is Digitizing which means getting data from the ground or from paper into the computer
- 11. Locating Features Aerial photography (Planimetric) Location by reference to projected image Accurate within a few feet Governments can use with restrictions GPS (Global Positioning Systems) Location by latitude/longitude Survey Grade ±0.15 feet Cheaper GPS less accuracy ±15 feet
- 12. Linking Data to Map Features Link tables or databases of information (Usually only available at a local government level) Hyper-link images building plans etc.
- 13. BUT…Everything Starts with Foundation (Base Map) Data When building maps you have to start with an accurate base on which you build other data
- 14. West Virginia Base Map Data 2003 Statewide Addressing Project (WVSAMB) Created High Quality Base Map Data for every County Address Locations Were Mapped (to national standards) with this Base for Locating 911 Call Locations This project (although not perfect) provided the counties an invaluable resource for GIS
- 15. WVSAMB GIS Data As a part of assigning address other feature layers created were: Imagery Roads – line layer Railroads - line layer Structures – points & polygons Water features – streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, etc.
- 16. Most WV data has been built or aligned with this data including parcels, and even Census Info
- 17. Available Imagery -2003 WVSAMB Orthophotography leaf off -2009 NAIP USDA Orthophotography leaf on -Pictometry – WV Sheriff’s Association 4” and/or 12” Includes Oblique
- 18. Some Local Governments Have Paid for their Own New Imagery
- 19. Other Data Sources Many Government Agencies create data layers that are available to counties The WV GIS Technical Center has links to pretty much any data topic you can think of http://wvgis.wvu.edu/
- 21. Lets you combine/consider data coming from different sources to make better decisions.
- 22. Answer the questions of location such as where, why, and how.
- 23. See patterns and trends that spreadsheets alone won’t portray.
- 25. GIS CAN BE USED TO LOCATE PROPERTIES AND IDENTIFY OWNERS WITHIN A PARTICULAR DISTANCE OF ANOTHER MAP FEATURE SUCH AS PROPERTIES WITHIN 50’ OF THE FLOODPLAIN ANALYSIS MAPS HELP BOARDS & ORGANIZATIONS FIND INFORMATION AND SEE TRENDS SUCH AS LOCATION OF POTENTIALLY HISTORICIC STRUCTURES THIS TECHNOLOGY CAN BE USED TO CREATE 3-D IMAGES OF LANDSCAPES
- 26. PARCEL INFORMATION x REAL ESTATE APPRAISAL/ASSESSMENT ZONING ADDRESSING & 911
- 28. Allows layers of information to be used in conjunction with one another for analysis a
- 32. Answer Questions Darker = Increase Crime Income Is Low Income or Population a Bigger Crime Determinant? Population
- 33. GIS Funding & Organization County GIS Depts. are typically housed in 911 offices and Assessor’s Offices because of mapping mandates and funding streams Need shared funding/management (CC) in order for all departments to take full advantage of GIS
- 34. Some Organizational Solutions Due to the change of focus an election can bring, a multi-departmental management solution is the safest bet. $$$ One solution is to have a GIS Coordinator whose salary is split between the users – Assessor, 911, OES, Planning Dept, Clerk, County Commission A formal GIS board and GIS department with a separate budge is a higher level solution when cities and other entities want to be included (and contribute to the financial upkeep)
- 35. GIS is a Money Saver GIS can Provide Easier Access to Information Through the Internet Analysis of County Trends Can Assist with Better Policies and More Sound Financial Decisions and Access to Grants etc.
- 36. Things You CAN Do Now Become Informed Talk to Your Assessor or 911 Director and Possibly Sheriff to See What IS Going on in Your County Do What you Can Financially to Support GIS Look for creative way to fund GIS secondarily Start USING the GIS Your County Has Ask for information or maps concerning issues Encourage State Coordination/Cooperation through Participation in: Statewide Cadastral Plan West Virginia Association of Geospatial Professionals (WVAGP) http://www.wvagp.org/
- 37. Common GIS Terms GIS – Geographic Information Systems ESRI – a GIS software company ArcGIS – the name of the ESRI software that has become the standard GIS software worldwide Shapefiles and Geodatabases are common file types in ArcGIS
- 38. Questions?
Notas del editor
- I will talk about what GIS is, how it is used in government, and give you some examples of how it is currently being used and how you can get your county involved in the more advanced uses of GIS
- Looking at one piece of information on top of another opens up new possibilities in data analysis
- You can get different types of information on the same area by simply looking a different layer.
- Comparisons can be done between different pieces of data – which create NEW data. For instance search what structures from the building layer are within the floodplain area? The GIS automatically pulls our that information…then you ask (from the parcel layer) what are the mailing addresses to those properties? Whala – you now have a mailing list of everyone in the floodplain – a new piece of information in a non-map format. Something that can be used for Admin. Purposes.
- Google is a business and does not focus on local level data – the cost/time is not worth the benefit. The local data is what government officials need to use for decision making and is edited (updated) on a daily basis at the local level and can be manipulated in many ways for analysis. The day may come when the local data can be overlayedfor viewing directly onto google without a lot of complication, but someone at the local level still has to collect, prepare, and manage that data.
- If you want information that you can rely on, you need to invest in the resources to get it done right at the local level. Bad data management can waste THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS. Getting the data into a GIS in an organized and efficient manner that is consistent with surrounding areas is important . I have seen some projects that took hundred of man hours that end up being worthless data due to lack of research and experience.
- In GIS when you create a map feature a database is automatically created to store data about the feature – like road name. If you have a common field such as the road name you can then link external tables created by others for instance I could link the DOT data to my road file to show things such as construction plans etc. then create a map highlighting all of the construction areas. This example shows property boundaries - we typed the parcel number into the map then linked the assessment data for the properties using the common piece of information – the parcel number. You can also link other things other than data tables – such as web addresses, pictures, or, documents.
- The data included roads, railroads, building points and polys for larger structures, water features which includes bank lines instead of just a line through the middle of the water representing the stream way – this is very helpful especially when mapping parcels – in Gbr individuals own islands in the river.
- Tony may be able to tell you a little bit more about new efforts in statewide mapping
- There are several dataset of imagery available for free to governments. WVSAMB, NAIP, and now Pictometry. Data sharing of the Pictometry images will be at the discretion of each County Sheriff
- Here is an example of imagery of Clarksburg imagery 6” each 1 pixel. Mike Fazzino from Harrison County Shared this with me. Local Governments can sometimes recoup the cost of imagery by selling to developers (for site planning) and other agencies and private companies.
- There is an amazing amount of GIS data available for WV. Data layers can be downloaded for free showing everything from mine permit areas & superfund sites, to trout concentrations and tree types in forests.
- With the vast sources of information available today, GIS is a key tool in finding out what it all means. With so much information tied to a location, GIS helps find patterns we might not see without a map. GIS can make thematic maps, maps based on different factors, to help illustrate patterns. To explore highway accidents we might make a map coding accidents by whether they occurred at night or during the day, in rain or snow or sunshine. Then, we might see a pattern.Query and AnalysisOnce you have a functioning GIS containing your geographic information, you can begin to ask simple questions such asWho owns the land parcel on the corner?How far is it between two places?Where is land zoned for industrial use? And analytical questions such as Where are all the sites suitable for building new houses?What is the dominant soil type for oak forest?If I build a new highway here, how will traffic be affected?
- A Gbr Co example is the windmills as a CC you could see for yourself what is in the area, thus what/who will be impacted
- You could get information to see what issues should be important!
- If a citizen comes to you with an issues about a property you should know all of the issues that are related so that you can make an informed decision and - look like you are interested and know what you are doing
- Visual data is comprehended much more quickly and easily – data can be used to validate spending patterns etc.
- With GIS you can can get information in a format that is easy to understand and interpret.
- This is much more effective than looking at 220 different spreadsheets – Which is basically how I got this information from Vivian.
- You can answer questions based on your own analysis of a situation or see when/where you need to gather more information.
- The State Tax Dept places certain mandates on Assessors concerning the mapping of property boundaries. Mapping in GIS provides SOOO many benefits to Assessors that most are moving in the direction of GIS. The 911 Addressing project provided base GIS maps for all of the Counties so every County has SOME data to start with. It is quickly getting old/dated so the sooner it is used and updated, the better. MANY Depts use GIS County Clerks for voter location and elections data
- GIS is a large time, resource and, financial investment that all level of government consider worth while. That investment has to be protected for greater good.
- Knowing where development is happening through tracking building permits,can assist with FEMA regs., planning decisions, and funding opportunities
- Financially – The State wants cooperation (data sharing) from Counties but there is very little state level funding that filters down to the counties to create and maintain local level data. There needs to be a move toward a consistent funding streaMany grants encourage a GIS component SO money for software and GIS time can be incorporated into many different types of grants.
- A geographic information system (GIS), geographical information system, or geospatial information system is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data.[1] In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology. - ESRI (ezrie) is like the Microsoft of GIS