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Copyright Clearance for Genetics Books
A pilot project at the Wellcome Library


Christy Henshaw
Programme Manager
Wellcome Digital Library

Go Digital Now! Quick and Easy Digitisation with the ARROW
Rights Information System

London Book Fair, 17 April 2012
The Wellcome Trust

• A global charitable foundation

• Achieving extraordinary improvements in human and animal health

• Supporting the brightest minds in biomedical research and the
  medical humanities

• Exploring medicine in historical and cultural contexts
The Wellcome Library
The Wellcome Library

• Major resource for the study of medical history

• Collections of books, manuscripts, archives, films and pictures on the
  history of medicine from the earliest times to the present day.

• Provide insight and information to anyone seeking to understand
  medicine and its role in society, past and present.

• Provide access to a growing collection of contemporary biomedical
  information resources relating to consumer health, popular
  science, biomedical ethics and the public understanding of science.
The Wellcome Library
Digitisation projects 2010-2013

• 2,000 books related to genetics research

• 1m pages of archival materials (incl. those held elsewhere)

• 14,000 early printed books (until 2015)

• 7,000 Medical Officer of Health reports (population statistics)
Genetics BooksLibrary
The Wellcome - overview

The goal is to make around 2,000 books freely available online.

• Monographs, conference proceedings, collected works, multi-volume
  works published after 1850.

• Over 50 countries represented (majority are UK or USA)

• Comprise both primary and secondary sources for history of genetics

• We knew up to 90% of these books were potentially in-copyright

• Average of around 4 authors/contributors per title (6,800+)
Due diligence Library
The Wellcome

The aim is to determine the copyright and in-commerce status of each
book, and trace copyright holders to request permission to publish
online.

• Wellcome, ALCS and PLS are working together to test feasibility of
  tracing copyright holders (January – June 2012)

• ALCS/PLS are providing a due diligence service using the ARROW
  workflow, including:
       •   The European Library catalogue
       •   Member/works databases
       •   Liaison with international sister organisations
       •   Any relevant and available online lists, databases
       •   Search engines
       •   Follow up leads (e.g. writing to past place of work)
The Wellcome Library
Requests for permission

The aim is to present copyright holders with attractive options to
encourage free public accessibility.

• Engaging and clear explanation of the project and works included

• FAQ including extended definitions of access terms

• Basic licence terms allow the Wellcome to provide access as follows:
       • Non-commercial uses only
       • Attribution required
       • Terms of licence to be shared
       • Plus option to restrict copying, sharing, downloading, etc.
       • All licensors have the right to request a take-down at any time
The Wellcome Library
Follow-up

• If no response is received after initial contact, further attempts will be
  made – at least twice, depending on the individual case and method
  of contact.

• Any further communication with rights holders, beyond initial
  contact, is with the Wellcome Library.

• A due diligence database, comprising bibliographic data, information
  on communications with rights holders, and status reports from
  ARROW is maintained as a record of activity.

• A list of authors to be traced (to be updated as required) is available
  online (http://library.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/WTVM052569.pdf).
The Wellcome Library
Follow-up
Preliminary statistics
                                                           In
This chart describes the                               commerce
first 500 works to complete                               8%
the ARROW workflow.
                                Some (but                      Out of
By definition, these include   not all) rights                copyright
the easiest works to              holders                       15%
identify.                        identified
                                   31%                              Rights-
                                                                  holders not
Full analysis to be done in                                        identified
June/July 2012.                                                      10%
                                                  Rights-
                                                 holder(s)
Letters have only just been                      identified
sent for the 67% with                              36%
identifiable rights-holders.
WhatWellcome Library
The goes online?

Based on information gathered during the due diligence process, the
Wellcome Library will make the following works freely available online:
       • Out of copyright works
       • Works that have been licenced to the Wellcome for free public access
       • Unlicensed works whose rights holders cannot be identified or traced
         (Orphan Works)
       • Unlicensed works whose rights holders can be identified, but there
         has been no success in making contact
WhatWellcome Library
The does NOT go online?

The Wellcome Library will not make the following works available online:
       • Works that are still in commerce
       • Works where rights holders have refused permission to publish freely
         and openly online

The Wellcome Library will remove works from their websites when
requested by:
       • Rights holders who agreed to licence the works, but then change their
         mind (at any time)
       • A rights holder who comes forward who could not previously be traced
         or contacted
Legislation gap Library
 The Wellcome

• There is a vast resource of 20th century scholarship ready to be
  unlocked through the efforts of digitisation

• Providing access to such resources is the Wellcome Library’s
  purpose for existing

• Current legislation does not recognise the value of these
  resources, or support the need to provide access to them

• There is little guidance available on reducing risks to copyright
  holders, merely an unofficial acknowledgement that “due diligence”
  can greatly reduce this risk

• For these reasons, the Wellcome Library supports the
  recommendations on Orphan Work legislation presented in the
  Hargreaves Report
The Wellcome Library
Conclusion

• Due diligence is a “best endeavors” approach to tracing and
  contacting rights holders

• There is no universally-agreed due diligence methodology

• The Wellcome, ALCS, PLS partnership will test the feasibility of due
  diligence for large scale digitisation

• Value-for-money is key: do the outcomes justify the expense?
       a) Ability to trace copyright holders
       b) Positive vs. negative response rate from copyright holders
       c) In the end, is making these works available worth the investment that
          was required to achieve a) and b)?

• These questions are still waiting to be answered
The Wellcome Library



           Thank you!

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Copyright Clearance for Genetics Books, A pilot project at the Wellcome Library

  • 1. Copyright Clearance for Genetics Books A pilot project at the Wellcome Library Christy Henshaw Programme Manager Wellcome Digital Library Go Digital Now! Quick and Easy Digitisation with the ARROW Rights Information System London Book Fair, 17 April 2012
  • 2. The Wellcome Trust • A global charitable foundation • Achieving extraordinary improvements in human and animal health • Supporting the brightest minds in biomedical research and the medical humanities • Exploring medicine in historical and cultural contexts
  • 3. The Wellcome Library The Wellcome Library • Major resource for the study of medical history • Collections of books, manuscripts, archives, films and pictures on the history of medicine from the earliest times to the present day. • Provide insight and information to anyone seeking to understand medicine and its role in society, past and present. • Provide access to a growing collection of contemporary biomedical information resources relating to consumer health, popular science, biomedical ethics and the public understanding of science.
  • 5. Digitisation projects 2010-2013 • 2,000 books related to genetics research • 1m pages of archival materials (incl. those held elsewhere) • 14,000 early printed books (until 2015) • 7,000 Medical Officer of Health reports (population statistics)
  • 6. Genetics BooksLibrary The Wellcome - overview The goal is to make around 2,000 books freely available online. • Monographs, conference proceedings, collected works, multi-volume works published after 1850. • Over 50 countries represented (majority are UK or USA) • Comprise both primary and secondary sources for history of genetics • We knew up to 90% of these books were potentially in-copyright • Average of around 4 authors/contributors per title (6,800+)
  • 7. Due diligence Library The Wellcome The aim is to determine the copyright and in-commerce status of each book, and trace copyright holders to request permission to publish online. • Wellcome, ALCS and PLS are working together to test feasibility of tracing copyright holders (January – June 2012) • ALCS/PLS are providing a due diligence service using the ARROW workflow, including: • The European Library catalogue • Member/works databases • Liaison with international sister organisations • Any relevant and available online lists, databases • Search engines • Follow up leads (e.g. writing to past place of work)
  • 8. The Wellcome Library Requests for permission The aim is to present copyright holders with attractive options to encourage free public accessibility. • Engaging and clear explanation of the project and works included • FAQ including extended definitions of access terms • Basic licence terms allow the Wellcome to provide access as follows: • Non-commercial uses only • Attribution required • Terms of licence to be shared • Plus option to restrict copying, sharing, downloading, etc. • All licensors have the right to request a take-down at any time
  • 9. The Wellcome Library Follow-up • If no response is received after initial contact, further attempts will be made – at least twice, depending on the individual case and method of contact. • Any further communication with rights holders, beyond initial contact, is with the Wellcome Library. • A due diligence database, comprising bibliographic data, information on communications with rights holders, and status reports from ARROW is maintained as a record of activity. • A list of authors to be traced (to be updated as required) is available online (http://library.wellcome.ac.uk/assets/WTVM052569.pdf).
  • 11. Preliminary statistics In This chart describes the commerce first 500 works to complete 8% the ARROW workflow. Some (but Out of By definition, these include not all) rights copyright the easiest works to holders 15% identify. identified 31% Rights- holders not Full analysis to be done in identified June/July 2012. 10% Rights- holder(s) Letters have only just been identified sent for the 67% with 36% identifiable rights-holders.
  • 12. WhatWellcome Library The goes online? Based on information gathered during the due diligence process, the Wellcome Library will make the following works freely available online: • Out of copyright works • Works that have been licenced to the Wellcome for free public access • Unlicensed works whose rights holders cannot be identified or traced (Orphan Works) • Unlicensed works whose rights holders can be identified, but there has been no success in making contact
  • 13. WhatWellcome Library The does NOT go online? The Wellcome Library will not make the following works available online: • Works that are still in commerce • Works where rights holders have refused permission to publish freely and openly online The Wellcome Library will remove works from their websites when requested by: • Rights holders who agreed to licence the works, but then change their mind (at any time) • A rights holder who comes forward who could not previously be traced or contacted
  • 14. Legislation gap Library The Wellcome • There is a vast resource of 20th century scholarship ready to be unlocked through the efforts of digitisation • Providing access to such resources is the Wellcome Library’s purpose for existing • Current legislation does not recognise the value of these resources, or support the need to provide access to them • There is little guidance available on reducing risks to copyright holders, merely an unofficial acknowledgement that “due diligence” can greatly reduce this risk • For these reasons, the Wellcome Library supports the recommendations on Orphan Work legislation presented in the Hargreaves Report
  • 15. The Wellcome Library Conclusion • Due diligence is a “best endeavors” approach to tracing and contacting rights holders • There is no universally-agreed due diligence methodology • The Wellcome, ALCS, PLS partnership will test the feasibility of due diligence for large scale digitisation • Value-for-money is key: do the outcomes justify the expense? a) Ability to trace copyright holders b) Positive vs. negative response rate from copyright holders c) In the end, is making these works available worth the investment that was required to achieve a) and b)? • These questions are still waiting to be answered
  • 16. The Wellcome Library Thank you!